Large Audience Research Articles

Abstract 4135265: When the Beat Drops: A Pilot Project for a Case-Based Resident’s Guide to Cardiovascular Care

Residents care for patients with a vast array of cardiovascular (CV) diagnoses in settings ranging from primary care clinic to the cardiac intensive care unit. However, the resources available are mainly intended for advanced cardiology trainees. We created a resident-driven, case-based reference for residents to serve as a companion to traditional CV medicine educational resources. Methods: We surveyed residents, fellows, and cardiology attendings to identify topics within CV care for which residents are responsible. We recruited residents from multiple ACGME-accredited Internal Medicine residency programs to write a chapter on each identified topic that would be published on a central website. The chapters included a topic overview with key learning points, a case presentation, review questions, attending pearls, and high-yield articles for further reading. Chapters were reviewed for accuracy and completeness by cardiology fellows, pharmacologists, and attendings. The chapters were sent out to residents weekly via email and through social media platforms. Website analytics were used to track usage and monitor engagement. Each chapter concluded with a brief survey regarding learning gains, comprehension, and if the reader would recommend the resources to others. Results: A total of 52 cases were submitted by resident contributors from four residency programs. Topics included management of arrhythmias, structural heart disease, ischemia, cardiogenic shock, and post-procedure complications. Within the first two months of publication, the website was being accessed throughout 30+ states and 6 countries with more than 2,500 views and 1,500 unique visitors. Topics with high traffic included chapters regarding arrhythmias and post-procedural complications. The website was viewed throughout the entire day with no specific time pattern; however, there were significantly more views on days when each chapter was released via email and social media. Preliminary survey results show that residents and other trainees find this resource useful, and many want to get involved and help create more content. Conclusion: Our resident-created and cardiologist reviewed website is a unique resource created for residents caring for patients with CV disease. Using email and social media marketing has allowed this resource to be widely accessible to a large global audience. Survey feedback suggests the importance of this resource and need for continued CV resources for trainees.

Evaluating generative AI tools: A comparative guide for new users

One of the most prominent forms of artificial intelligence that has been made public is generative AI, which offers a fresh perspective and direction for numerous global sectors. The impact of this artificial intelligence model on nearly every business and how certain vocations can be pursued has garnered a large audience. This paper evaluates generative AI from an objective standpoint and proposes a comparison of some of its key tools to help new users solve problems in their daily lives, at work or at home. This highlights the significance of understanding and utilizing this kind of AI.

Non-Linear Software Documentation with Interactive Code Examples

Documentation enables sharing knowledge between the developers of a technology and its users. Creating quality documents, however, is challenging: Documents must satisfy the needs of a large audience without being overwhelming for individuals. We address this challenge with a new document format, named Casdoc. Casdoc documents are interactive resources centered around code examples for programmers. Explanations of the code elements are presented as annotations that the readers reveal based on their needs. We evaluated Casdoc in a field study with over 300 participants who used 126 documents as part of a software design course. During the study, the majority of participants adopted Casdoc instead of a baseline format and used interactive annotations to reveal additional information about the code example. Although participants collectively viewed the majority of the documents’ content, they individually revealed a minority of the annotations they saw. We gathered insights into five aspects of Casdoc that can be applied to other formats, and highlighted five lessons learned to improve navigability in online documents.

A Hybrid Simulation‐Based Workshop Improves Knowledge and Confidence in the Management of Hemorrhagic Conversion of Stroke Among Interventional Neurology Trainees

Background Mechanical thrombectomy is the standard of care in acute ischemic stroke with anterior large vessel occlusion presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset, but complications do exist. We assessed the feasibility of a hybrid simulation‐based workshop at a national meeting for interventional neurology trainees focused on the management of acute ischemic stroke and tissue‐plasminogen activator‐related hemorrhage. Methods In this prospective, observational, hybrid simulation‐based study at a fellows’ workshop at a national conference, participants were asked to manage a patient with acute ischemic stroke in the neurointerventional suite followed by thrombolytic‐related hemorrhage leading to cerebral herniation during mechanical thrombectomy. We evaluated the participants’ ability to complete critical actions that were developed based on best practices and relevant American Heart Association guidelines and the Neurocritical Care Society's Emergency Neurological Life Support protocols. The primary outcome was the improvement in knowledge from a precourse to postcourse test. Secondary outcomes included participant reactions. Results Sixty trainees completed the simulation session in 8 groups. The mean sum of critical actions completed by trainees was 9.75/14 (70%). There was a moderate effect of the intervention on trainees’ knowledge from pretest (mean 3.8, SD = 0.3) to posttest (mean 4.3, SD = 0.3). The simulation scenario was described as moderately realistic, very engaging, and extremely satisfactory. Following the workshop, all fellows endorsed an increase in proficiency and confidence in neurological emergency management. Conclusion Simulation‐based workshops at national conferences are feasible and a potentially useful tool for safely educating a large audience of trainees who may not have access to high‐fidelity simulation platforms at their institutions.

A Study of the Pirated Distribution of Japanese Variety Shows in China and the Chinese Audience --Take the Chinese Special Episodes of Monday Late Show as an Example

In today’s cultural global village, Japanese variety shows have always had a large audience on Chinese networks, among which Monday Late Show has a group of loyal Chinese fans. This study investigates the process of the distribution of Monday Late Show’s Chinese special in China by analyzing the three dimensions of the viewers (university students), the producers of the content (Chinese producers of the Chinese special episodes), and the intermediary of the cross-cultural distribution (subtitle groups). The study found that Chinese producers, Chinese viewers and the subtitle team formed an organic link from bottom to top. Viewers interacted with the producers and the subtitle team through social networks and provided suggestions and feedback on the content of the programme, participating in the production of the Chinese special episodes in real-time. However, the subtitle team still acted as an intermediary in the dissemination of the pirated version of the programme, the invisible recognition of the producers reflected the helplessness of the Japanese officials who had a weak awareness of the copyrights in the Chinese market. In the future, there is still a need to raise Chinese viewers’ awareness of copyright and strengthen intellectual property protection to promote the dissemination of Japanese variety shows through legal channels in China and the healthy development of cross-cultural exchanges.

The German Status Report on Climate Change and Health 2023

Abstract The German Status Report on Climate Change and Health was coordinated by the Robert Koch Institute, Germany’s public health institute, and published in 2023 through a collaboration of approximately 100 authors from 30 German institutions. It is an update of a similar report from 2010 and includes review articles and syntheses on the effects of climate change on human health through various influences such as heat, extreme weather, UV radiation, air pollutants and allergens, as well as the effect of climate change on infectious diseases through vector-borne, water-borne or food-borne pathogens. Literature reviews on the potential impact on antimicrobial resistance and mental health explore less well researched effects of climate change on health. The report discusses climate change communication and climate justice as cross-cutting issues and closes with an analysis of the options for action recommended throughout the preceding chapters. While the coordination of this report was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Health, the content was compiled by an advisory board of scientists and the authors recruited by them. The status report is published as 14 individual scientific papers in three issues of the peer-reviewed Journal of Health Monitoring and is available open access in English and in German in order to reach a large scientific audience. Besides the scientific audience, another target group are local authorities contributing towards adaptation and mitigation measures. Insights from the report are being communicated by diverse channels specifically to this latter group and are taken into consideration in the process of shaping the German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change.

Reputation Burning: Analyzing the Impact of Brand Sponsorship on Social Influencers

The growth of the influencer marketing industry warrants an empirical examination of the effect of posting sponsored videos on influencers’ reputations. We collected a novel data set of user-generated YouTube videos created by prominent English-speaking influencers in the beauty and style category. We extracted a rich set of theory-driven video features and used DiNardo-Fortin-Lemieux reweighting to construct comparable treatment and control groups matched at the influencer-video level. The empirical analysis of the matched sample revealed a reputation-burning effect; that is, posting a sponsored video, compared with posting an equivalent organic video, cost the influencers 0.19% of their reputation (operationalized as the number of subscribers). The reputation-burning effect was stronger among the influencers with larger audiences. An analysis of likes, comments, and comment texts revealed a larger gap in audience response between sponsored and organic videos among the influencers with larger (versus smaller) audiences. The reputation-burning effect was mitigated when a high fit existed between the sponsored content and the influencer’s “usual” content and when the promoted brand was less well known. Our study empirically tested the assumption of several theoretical works. Moreover, it contributes to the literature on influencer marketing and celebrity endorsements and provides managerial implications for influencers, brands, and social media platforms. This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, information systems. Funding: This research was supported by funding provided by Harvard Business School. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00193 .

Special Issue on Informatics Education: Vanderbilt Clinical Informatics Center Education Strategy: To Infinity and Beyond!

The Vanderbilt Clinical Informatics Center (VCLIC) is based in the Department of Biomedical Informatics (DBMI) and operates across Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and Vanderbilt University (VU) with a goal of enabling and supporting clinical informatics research and practice. VCLIC supports several types of applied clinical informatics teaching, including teaching of students in courses, professional education for staff and faculty throughout VUMC, and workshops and conferences that are open to the public. In this paper, we provide a detailed accounting of our center and institution's methods of educating and training faculty, staff, students, and trainees from across the academic institution and health system on clinical informatics topics, including formal training programs and informal applied learning sessions. Through a host of informal learning events, such as workshops, seminars, conference-style events, bite-size instructive videos, and hackathons, as well as several formal education programs, such as the Clinical Informatics Graduate Course, Master's in Applied Clinical Informatics, Medical Student Integrated Science Course, Graduate Medical Education Elective, and Fellowship in Clinical Informatics, VCLIC and VUMC provide opportunities for faculty, students, trainees, and even staff to engage with Clinical Informatics topics and learn related skills. The described programs have trained hundreds of participants from across the academic and clinical enterprises. Of the VCLIC-held events, the majority of attendees indicated through surveys that they were satisfied, with the average satisfaction score being 4.63/5, and all events averaging a satisfaction score of greater than 4. Across the 20 events VCLIC has held, our largest audiences are DBMI, HealthIT operational staff, and students from the medical and nursing schools. VCLIC has created and delivered a successful suite of formal and informal educational events and programs to disseminate clinical informatics knowledge and skills to learners across the academic institution and healthcare system.

Exploring the landscape of automated species identification apps: Development, promise, and user appraisal

Abstract Two decades ago, Gaston and O'Neill (2004) deliberated on why automated species identification had not become widely employed. We no longer have to wonder: This AI-based technology is here, embedded in numerous web and mobile apps used by large audiences interested in nature. Now that automated species identification tools are available, popular, and efficient, it is time to look at how the apps are developed, what they promise, and how users appraise them. Delving into the automated species identification apps landscape, we found that free and paid apps differ fundamentally in presentation, experience, and the use of biodiversity and personal data. However, these two business models are deeply intertwined. Going forward, although big tech companies will eventually take over the landscape, citizen science programs will likely continue to have their own identification tools because of their specific purpose and their ability to create a strong sense of belonging among naturalist communities.

Relationship Between Social Media Marketing of Food and Health of Youth

Social media is now a strong tool for promoting goods and influencing consumer behavior in the food business. Social media marketing for food has an influence that goes beyond simply increasing brand awareness of eatables. It influences our preferences, decisions, and even our health. Globally active social media platforms have billions of users giving food enterprises a large audience. This study aims to quantify the results of social media marketing. To acquire data, rational and inventive methods have been used (Abbas et al., 2019). The survey was done to assess and investigate the effects of social media marketing on Faisalabad city audiences. This goal is achieved through a creative, logical, and organized data collection process.

Quality and reliability analysis of migraine Botox treatment information on YouTube.

YouTube (YT) is one of the world's most well recognized video-sharing platforms that appeals to large audiences and is used by individuals to educate themselves on disease diagnosis and treatment alternatives and to distribute health-related information. Videos were searched by typing the terms "migraine botox" and "botox treatment for migraine" on the YT search bar in English. A total of 50 videos were evaluated for each term. Two independent researchers viewed the videos and documented pertinent descriptive attributes of each video, such as the upload date, number of comments, number of dislikes, number of likes, and views. The videos were analyzed and the DISCERN Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) quality, and reliability scores were recorded. A total of 100 videos were assessed. The mean DISCERN score was 3.09, the mean JAMA score was 2.11, and the mean GQS score was 3.25. According to the source, 32% of the videos were uploaded by university/nonprofit physicians or professional organizations. In addition, when the DISCERN, GQS, and JAMA scores of the videos uploaded by health professionals were examined, a statistically significant difference was observed (P = .002, P = .015, and P = .002, respectively). However, no statistically significant relationship was found for the Video Popularity Index score. The reliability and quality scores of the evaluated videos uploaded by healthcare professionals for migraine Botox treatment were high, but the frequency of viewership was low. In our analysis of migraine Botox treatment videos on YT, we observed that the information on migraine Botox treatment had a wide spectrum, high-quality content, and that there were videos that may mislead viewers. In conclusion, we believe that the platform is not sufficient in its entirety, and that it should be supported with renewed, fact-checked, easy-to-understand language, and video-duration optimized videos.

Utilizing AI for Effective Scholarly Communication in Social Media

The academic community can reach a new height with the integration of social media into scholarly communication. With social media offering vast potential for knowledge sharing and peer interaction, this is achievable. Knowledge Sharing can be done in many ways; scholarly communication is one such way where the findings of research and new insights are disseminated to a large audience. This article explores scholarly communication through social media and its benefits. This article also attempts to show how scholars can use Artificial Intelligence (AI) for scholarly communication effectively through social media shortly. Artificial intelligence can be effectively used as a powerful tool to tackle the challenges scholars face in sharing research outcomes and ideas on social media.

Commemorating festive performances in popular print in sixteenth‐century Italy☆

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show that the popular print sold and distributed during and after festive events, such as Carnival, had an impact on the commemoration and shaping of festive culture in early modern Italy. That is, the mass medium of print that had begun to shape European cultures, especially in Italy where Venice was one of Europe's first major printing centres, created festive pamphlets and small books that were attractive for individuals in various cities in Northern and Central Italy. This becomes apparent not only from the sources themselves but also from the connections that exist between these sources and historical and theatrical contexts. A study of popular print related to festive events addresses the most important criticisms of festival studies, namely that festivals were primarily local affairs, which would prevent researchers from making a meaningful contribution to festive culture studies on a larger scale. This article aims to overcome this by studying a selection of affordable pamphlets and small books, presenting the Carnivalesque text La guerra di Carnovale contro la Quaresima, which was intended for large audiences.

Mass Media and Communication

Mass communication can be defined as the process of using mass media to send messages to large audiences for the purpose of informing, entertaining or persuading. In many respects the process of mass communication and other communication are same. Someone conceives a message, essentially an intrapersonal act. The message then is encoded into a common code such as language. Then it is transmitted. Another person receives the message, decodes it and internalizes it. In other respects, mass communication is distinctive. Crafting an effective message for thousands of people of diverse backgrounds and interest requires different skills than chatting with a friend across the table. Encoding the message is more complex because a device is always used, for example a camera or recorder. We shall first take up the print media because that happens to be the original type of mass media in India. We shall then give an account of radio, film and TV as media of mass communication in India, their spread, reach, people’s access to these media and their impact on the society. New technologies made their entry during 1970s and 1980s. They are video, cable and satellite TV.

Analysis of Language Style in Food and Beverage Advertising Slogans and Their Recommendations as Teaching Materials For Advertising Texts in SMP

The purpose of this study is to characterize the linguistic styles used in online slogans for food and beverage products. The numerous food and beverage product ads that use catchy slogans to attract large audiences served as the inspiration for this study. In order to assess the data and provide descriptive conclusions, this study employs a qualitative descriptive method. The study's findings indicate that the slogans of online ads for food and drink products contain many linguistic styles, such as personification, metaphor, hyperbole, and repetition. By presenting the language styles that have been discovered into teaching materials, the study's findings can be used to create advertising text learning handouts for junior high school students in grades VIII. This will help students understand the language styles used in advertising slogans.

Metal Meets Green: A Multifaceted Exploration of Sustainability Perceptions at Heavy Metal Music Festivals

The enduring presence of heavy metal music spanning multiple decades has generated a large global audience of devoted fans. Within Europe, renowned metal music festivals such as Wacken Open Air and Rock am Ring in Germany have solidified the genre's influence. Although scholarly research has explored metal music festivals and their attendees, there has been a noticeable gap in the examination of sustainability aspects within this domain. Consequently, this work undertakes a quantitative investigation into the social, environmental, and economic impacts within the context of metal music festivals, focusing on four key stakeholder groups: festival organizers, attendees, musicians, and volunteer workers (n = 742). To gain insights, an online survey was conducted to respondents, presenting them with questions pertaining to various aspects of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. These stakeholders were asked to assess these issues based on their individual perspectives. Subsequently, the collected data underwent explorative factor analysis utilizing maximum likelihood estimation, leading to the identification of eight distinct factors: perceptions of social behavior at metal music festivals, environmental responsibility, financial responsibility, environmental and social responsibility, sense of community, environmental and economic impacts, perceptions of volunteer work, and economic impacts. This study's findings revealed noteworthy disparities across all sectors, offering a comprehensive perspective on current sustainability practices and challenges within metal music festivals. By highlighting inconsistencies, this research underscores the need for festival organizers to critically evaluate their events and consider avenues for improvement in sustainability practices.

The Power of Laughter: Emotional and Ideological Gratification in Media

This study examines the role of laughter in media content, focusing on traditional non-humorous entertainment talk shows with hosts, guests and a studio audience. The analysis, which documents over 20,000 instances of laughter in just 60 episodes (one laugh every 20 s), highlights the central role of laughter in this reality. The study concludes that: (1) hosts laughed more than guests and studio audiences; (2) in the programmes analysed, female hosts generated almost twice as much laughter as male hosts; (3) laughter followed a recognisable ‘U-shaped’ pattern, peaking at the beginning and end of the programme; (4) jokes with sexual connotations elicited the highest levels of laughter; (5) public service episodes had fewer instances of laughter; and (6) the programme with the host who laughed the most had the largest audience. In conclusion, laughter provides not only emotional, but also ideological gratification, based on the (post)modern concept of happiness.

To go big, we have to go home: building foundations for the future of community-engaged and public-facing research in linguistics

Abstract In this article, we discuss various public-facing scholarly activities we have engaged in and how these initiatives have reached large audiences to widely spread messages about language and linguistic equity and inclusion. We provide guidance for how to launch, coordinate, and carry out public outreach initiatives and community-engaged research, how to navigate potential pitfalls and position these efforts for success, and how to demonstrate the direct value and relevance of the work. We also offer strategies and advice for other linguists engaging in public outreach endeavors, especially with regard to connecting community-engaged work with teaching and research for maximal impact within the scholarly ecosystem. Community-engaged research and public-facing initiatives are best conceptualized and undertaken in comprehensive, intentional, informed by, and planned in ways that align with best practices in the literature and integrated into the scholarly enterprise. We assert that public-facing work is critical to the relevance and impact of linguistics and higher education. Most importantly, public-facing work that makes insights from research relevant to the public can help advance the broader goal of education for social impact and the public good.

HALK EĞİTİMİ MERKEZLERİNDE GÖREV YAPAN MÜZİK EĞİTİMCİLERİNİN KURS PROGRAM VE SÜRELERİNE İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ

Public education centers are among the institutions that attract great interest from individuals who want to receive music education in our country, and the demand for these institutions is increasing day by day. Music education in these institutions is provided through course programs determined by the General Directorate of Lifelong Learning. It is necessary to obtain the opinions of music educators, who can reach large audiences through public education centers, regarding course programs and durations in order to increase the quality of music education by making necessary improvements on the subject. The sample of the research consists of 30 volunteer music educators working in public education centers in the central districts of Ankara. The study is a qualitative study and a two-part semi-structured interview form consisting of demographic information and 2 open-ended questions was used to collect the data, prepared by taking two separate expert opinions. According to the research findings, it has been determined that music educators working in public education centers are mostly master teachers and a significant portion of them are graduates of fields other than music. According to the data obtained, it was determined that the majority of music educators found the course programs and durations inadequate. Keywords: Public Education Center, Music Education.

Endure, Join Them, or Leave?

Mobile free-to-play games need to reach large audiences, yet the acquisition of these players has become increasingly challenging. One of the main ways to reach new audiences is advertising. Some game companies have started to depend on provocative and misleading advertising to gain the viewer’s attention and lure players to their games. Especially as these advertisements often have wide exposure, representations in them are an important and interesting target to explore. This study investigates advertisements from two games targeted at women, Project Makeover and Matchington Mansion. The results show that, while the advertisements do show some diversity in some areas, the content is heavily stereotypical, portraying women as weak and helpless, and leaving them suffering and appealing to the watcher to help by downloading the game. This leads to questions about consumer protection and the harm these advertisements can cause.