Large Volume Of Work Research Articles

Based on Wireless Sensor Technology for Substation Equipment Temperature Monitoring System

in view of the substation equipment temperature measuring work, the existence of low accuracy of temperature measurement, data real-time performance, large work volume on manual operation, the temperature of the wireless sensor monitoring technique, the 2.4 GHZ wireless network technology, build a wireless temperature monitoring system, substation equipment temperature and the temperature rise of accurate, reliable and real-time on-line monitoring. Real-time monitoring data, intuitive display are in tabular and graphical form. Have the equipment temperature measurement data, temperature change trend analysis, data query and management, over temperature alarm to remind, etc. Real-time temperature data can be convenient access to the substation set control center, to ensure safe and reliable operation of the transformer substation, for substation monitoring and maintenance of equipment operation to provide data support, effectively prevent substation equipment oxidation, burning and other accidents.

Recent Development in Asymmetric Synthesis of Homo-allylic Amines Catalyzed by Small Organic Molecules

Chiral homo-allylic amines have been recognized in biologically active natural products and synthetic medicinal compounds. The most significant aspect of chiral homo-allylic amines relies on their synthetic versatility as chiral building blocks for the construction of a broad range of multi-functional organic compounds. A measure of the value of chiral homoallylic amines in organic synthesis is the large volume of work that has been devoted to their construction. Of the known asymmetric methods for their synthesis, the most popular method involves the formation of an imine followed by asymmetric allylation of the imine with reactive allylmetal reagents. An alternative approach is the metal-free asymmetric synthesis of chiral homo-allylic amines catalyzed by small organic molecules, which will be discussed in details in this review.

Analysis and Evaluation of Jobs – Important Elements in Work Organization

Human resources represent one of the most important investment of the company, and for that reason decisions in this field are some of the most difficult to make because they include individual and organizational factors with different influences by the variation of factors diversity. The arguments given to the human resources importance within company are multiple, being necessary a decisional frame in order to reflect a value system socially accepted and to realize a description and analyze of the job, to be reflected into an balanced organization through an equidistant evaluation of jobs and preparation of the pay scale properly done to fit the job complexity and the hierarchical level.The exemplification of the job evaluation and analyze methods in our case reflects the necessity and applicability of such steps, which give a large work volume afferent to the implementation of the interview method, finished by completing a questionnaire. This method is applicable especially for the jobs that already exist and it is done by interviewing the employees of the respectively jobs, with the purpose of knowing the employee's opinions and to set exactly the requirements of every job. Once the interview is applied, it is prepared “The flow diagram observed activity” where are centralized the responsibilities and the frequency of the documents, received/sent documents and all the explanations regarding the future situations. The presentation of the points method two top management jobs reflects the importance of the criteria that delineate the difference between one job and another, criteria that refer to: trainings imposed to the employee, experience needed in order to execute specified operations required by the job, the difficulty of the operations required by the job, the responsibility involved in the job, the relations sphere (to get into connections, to respond).

Heart rate variability in untrained young men under different power loading modes

To study features of variability of a rhythm of heart at unexercised young men under the influence of power loadings in the conditions of appication of certain training modes in the course of long occupations by athleticism. 40 young men participated in ispections at the age of 19-20 years, not having contraindications for occupations with burdenings. Research of indicators training loading of both groups used by representatives in the course of occupations conducted a method of definition of an index of training loading in athleticism. For determination of values of indicators of the statistical and spectral analysis of a rhythm of Polar RS800CX cardiomonitor was used. Control of studied indicators at rest and after power loading carried out for 3months of occupations by athleticism with an interval in 1 month. Use in the course of occupations by athleticism of power loadings with large volume of work and low intensity considerably increases activity of the central mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation of a rhythm of heart due to decrease in panasympathetic activation of autonomous nervous system on sinusovy knot of heart, than loading of high intensity with a small volume of work. The result of long-term adaptation to occupations by athleticism, in the conditions of different modes of loading, is characterized by existence of an ekonomization of functioning of cardiovascular system of the unexercised contingent.

La nueva música sinfónica y coral colombiana

El desarrollo académico que, en el área de la música, se ha dado en la composición musical sinfónica en el país, ha hecho florecer un número significativo de compositores que dan cuenta de un volumen grande de obras de diferentes formatos. Estas obras merecen ser estudiadas, analizadas, tocadas en público, grabadas y difundidas, tanto en los escenarios nacionales como en los internacionales. Nuestro proyecto que aún continúa, ha consistido en una metodología de recopilar, analizar, estudiar, ensayar y grabar las obras colombianas que, mediante el proceso mismo investigativo, pueden calificarse como de un nivel de competencia internacional, con el fin de poder dar a conocer su valor artístico y estético. En efecto, se quiere dejar a la posteridad el testimonio sonoro de obras que, habiendo sido ejecutadas un mayor número de veces y habiendo escalado hasta una cierta notoriedad, unas de ellas; algunas otras que han logrado un decoroso estreno en el país u otras que han podido llegar a una primera audición pero sin suficiente público o crítica especializada y que, como las anteriores, no tienen todavía registros sonoros.

Research on a guideline of stirrer installation in reverberation chamber

This paper presents a guideline for determining an adequate position and orientation of a stirrer. A stirrer is used to improve a uniform electric field on a working volume inside a reverberation chamber (RC). An efficient stirrer is expected to change boundary conditions and field characteristics such as magnitude and direction, so as to improve the uniform electric field. To determine an adequate installation location of a stirrer, we have analyzed efficiency of two kinds of stirrers with different shapes, and measured field uniformities. Efficiency of each stirrer has been investigated in terms of the number of independent samples that the stirrers can provide, and E field strengths and powers in the working volume measured in order to investigate the field uniformity. Measurement results show that the field uniformity and the stirrer efficiency are deteriorated by STD 0.8 dB and 20% point, respectively, when the stirrer is located less than λLUF/4 close to any chamber wall and in a parallel orientation with the wall. Hence, it is recommended that a stirrer should be installed in a position > λLUF for the field uniformity and < 2λLUF for a large working volume, and in an orientation to avoid a parallel angle with the ceiling or any wall.

Manuel Castells and Historical Materialism

Considering the very large volume of work produced by Castells, the relative scarcity of secondary literature discussing his theories is somewhat surprising. Castells does not really try to situate his theories about the network society in relation to Marxism. The argument of this paper is that Castells provides a plausible account of some major features of the means of production in the contemporary phase of capitalism, and also of the effects of this on society more generally. His theories could form the basis of an academically respectable version of historical materialism. Some problems with his theories are discussed.

Measuring AFM cantilever stiffness from a thermal noise spectrum

The problem of AFM cantilever calibration from a thermal noise spectrum is considered. A large volume of preliminary work is required to use this method, along with consideration of numerous factors. Use of a synchronous detector allowed us to reduce the requirements for the measuring system and increase the accuracy of spring constant measurement. The respective experimental results are presented.

The Historic Importance of the Dingo in Aboriginal Society in Victoria (Australia): A Reconsideration of the Archival Record

ABSTRACTDingoes feature prominently in Australian Aboriginal Creation stories and are also widely regarded as having an intricate relationship with Aboriginal people. A large volume of anthropological work on the complex relationship between Australian Aboriginals and dingoes has determined a considerable uniformity in the human–dingo relationship across northern Australia. Whilst there are many parallels between northern and southern Aboriginal Australia, this reconsideration of the archival record explores the hitherto rarely considered evidence of the relationship between Aboriginal people, British colonizers in Victoria (south-eastern Australia), and dingoes. The data provide an insight into the unique relationship, which indicates some striking differences between northern and southern Aboriginal Australia; especially the utilitarian and symbolic significance of dingoes for Aboriginal communities in south-eastern Australia and how dingoes were used by both Aboriginal people and the colonial usurpers in a bid to spatially dislocate each other.

A commentary on 'Effects of screening for psychological distress on patient outcomes in cancer: A systematic review'

Meijer et al. [1] set out to “evaluate the effect of screening cancer patients for psychological distress by assessing the (1) effectiveness of interventions to reduce distress among patients identified as distressed; and (2) effects of screening for distress on distress outcomes [1].” While the overall objective is worthy, this seems like an unlikely pairing, as the title of the paper focuses on conducting a systematic review of screening for distress programs. Why then, is the first objective to evaluate interventions for treating distressed patients, independent of any screening program? What should be evaluated are screening programs that: 1) detect distress; 2) refer to treatment, 3) further evaluate the efficacy of treatment programs for those who attend, and 4) assess the efficacy of screening overall by comparing outcomes across the entire screened population. The authors explain this choice by referring to guidelines which recommend that in the absence of studies assessing full screening programs as described above, one should simply look at the efficacy of interventions for patients who likely would have been referred for treatment had screening existed. Hence, in this case that means looking at interventions which included only patients with high distress levels at the outset. While this rationale makes sense once explained, what is lacking in this approach is the linking back to and comparison with the overall population-based statistics of everyone from the distress screening program. It is not an intuitive pairing, especially since there is such a large and independent volume of work evaluating the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in cancer care. The result of this is two very separate reviews, one of treatment studies (which may have nothing to do with screening for distress) and one of screening studies (which may have nothing to do with intervention efficacy). Hence, we will address each part separately as well.

Nursery Function Drives Temporal Patterns in Fish Assemblage Structure in Four Tropical Estuaries

Despite estuary-to-estuary differences in assemblage composition, fish faunas of tropical Indo-Pacific estuaries show parallel patterns of temporal change, suggesting a common set of ecological drivers. One potentially important driver is the interaction of different patterns of occupancy by functional groups that display different life-history patterns. However, most studies that have considered temporal change lack the detail needed to understand life-history utilisation. Most have focussed on changes in catch per unit effort (CPUE) or probability of encounter, with only one study going further and investigating changes in size structure and then only for a single estuary. One of the reasons for this lack of detail is the large volume of work needed to collect comprehensive data on size structures of species rich assemblages across multiple estuary systems over time. To overcome the logistical limitations on data collection, we used joint patterns of change in CPUE and mean biomass per fish (BPF) as proxies for changes in size structure. We investigated how different life-history strategies contributed to overall temporal patterns of assemblage change across four tropical Indo-Pacific estuaries. The three life-history strategies displayed characteristically different patterns in CPUE and BPF and the relationships between CPUE and BPF that reflect differences in the way that the three groups use estuaries. These different patterns interacted to produce complex assemblage patterns that are likely to be sensitive to location-specific differences in the mix of species from each group, providing at least part of the explanation for the site-specific fish assemblage structures that are characteristic of tropical estuarine fish fauna.

Strength and uncertainty of phytoplankton metrics for assessing eutrophication impacts in lakes

Phytoplankton constitutes a diverse array of short-lived organisms which derive their nutrients from the water column of lakes. These features make this community the most direct and earliest indicator of the impacts of changing nutrient conditions on lake ecosystems. It also makes them particularly suitable for measuring the success of restoration measures following reductions in nutrient loads. This paper integrates a large volume of work on a number of measures, or metrics, developed for using phytoplankton to assess the ecological status of European lakes, as required for the Water Framework Directive. It assesses the indicator strength of these metrics, specifically in relation to representing the impacts of eutrophication. It also examines how these measures vary naturally at different locations within a lake, as well as between lakes, and how much variability is associated with different replicate samples, different months within a year and between years. On the basis of this analysis, three of the strongest metrics (chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton trophic index (PTI), and cyanobacterial biovolume) are recommended for use as robust measures for assessing the ecological quality of lakes in relation to nutrient-enrichment pressures and a minimum recommended sampling frequency is provided for these three metrics.

Molecular Physiology of SPAK and OSR1: Two Ste20-Related Protein Kinases Regulating Ion Transport

SPAK (Ste20-related proline alanine rich kinase) and OSR1 (oxidative stress responsive kinase) are members of the germinal center kinase VI subfamily of the mammalian Ste20 (Sterile20)-related protein kinase family. Although there are 30 enzymes in this protein kinase family, their conservation across the fungi, plant, and animal kingdom confirms their evolutionary importance. Already, a large volume of work has accumulated on the tissue distribution, binding partners, signaling cascades, and physiological roles of mammalian SPAK and OSR1 in multiple organ systems. After reviewing this basic information, we will examine newer studies that demonstrate the pathophysiological consequences to SPAK and/or OSR1 disruption, discuss the development and analysis of genetically engineered mouse models, and address the possible role these serine/threonine kinases might have in cancer proliferation and migration.

Acceptance of virtual dental implant planning software in an undergraduate curriculum: a pilot study

BackgroundAdvances in healthcare such as virtual dental implant planning have the capacity to result in greater accuracy, speed, and efficiencies leading to improvement in patient care. It has been suggested that the acceptance of new technology is influenced by a variety of factors including individual differences, social and situational influences, user beliefs, and user attitudes. Despite the large volume of work in this area, only limited research has been conducted in the field of dental education. Therefore, the present study aimed at assessing the acceptance of virtual dental implant planning software by undergraduate students.MethodsForty-three third-year dental students of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany, were included in the study. They filled in a questionnaire based on a combination of the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior (C-TAM-TPB). Cronbach’s α, Pearson product moment correlation coefficients, and squared multiple correlations (R2) were calculated.ResultsCronbach’s α exceeded .7 for all constructs. Pearson correlations were significant for the pairs perceived usefulness/behavioral intention, perceived usefulness/attitude, and attitude/behavioral intention. Perceived ease of use explained .09% of the variance of perceived usefulness (R2 = .09). Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness accounted for 31% of the variance of attitude (R2 = .31). Perceived usefulness, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explain 37% of the variance of behavioral intention (R2 = .37).ConclusionsVirtual dental implant planning software seems to be accepted by dental students especially because of its usefulness and the students’ attitude towards this technology. On the other hand, perceived ease of use does not play a major role. As a consequence, the implementation of virtual dental implant planning software in a dental undergraduate curriculum should be supported by highlighting the usefulness by the supervisors, who should also strengthen the attitude of the students towards this technology.

Auto-focusing method for remote gaze tracking camera

Gaze tracking determines what a user is looking at; the key challenge is to obtain well-focused eye images. This is not easy because the human eye is very small, whereas the required resolution of the image should be large enough for accurate detection of the pupil center. In addition, capturing a user's eye image by a remote gaze tracking system within a large working volume at a long Z distance requires a panning/tilting mechanism with a zoom lens, which makes it more difficult to acquire focused eye images. To solve this problem, a new auto-focusing method for remote gaze tracking is proposed. The proposed approach is novel in the following four ways: First, it is the first research on an auto-focusing method for a remote gaze tracking system. Second by using user-dependent calibration at initial stage, the weakness of the previous methods that use facial width in captured image to estimate Z distance between a user and camera, wherein each person has the individual variation of facial width, is solved. Third, the parameters of the modeled formula for estimating the Z distance are adaptively updated using the least squares regression method. Therefore, the focus becomes more accurate over time. Fourth, the relationship between the parameters and the face width is fitted locally according to the Z distance instead of by global fitting, which can enhance the accuracy of Z distance estimation. The results of an experiment with 10,000 images of 10 persons showed that the mean absolute error between the ground-truth Z distance measured by a Polhemus Patriot device and that estimated by the proposed method was 4.84 cm. A total of 95.61% of the images obtained by the proposed method were focused and could be used for gaze detection.

Input Domain Reduction through Irrelevant Variable Removal and Its Effect on Local, Global, and Hybrid Search-Based Structural Test Data Generation

Search-Based Test Data Generation reformulates testing goals as fitness functions so that test input generation can be automated by some chosen search-based optimization algorithm. The optimization algorithm searches the space of potential inputs, seeking those that are “fit for purpose,” guided by the fitness function. The search space of potential inputs can be very large, even for very small systems under test. Its size is, of course, a key determining factor affecting the performance of any search-based approach. However, despite the large volume of work on Search-Based Software Testing, the literature contains little that concerns the performance impact of search space reduction. This paper proposes a static dependence analysis derived from program slicing that can be used to support search space reduction. The paper presents both a theoretical and empirical analysis of the application of this approach to open source and industrial production code. The results provide evidence to support the claim that input domain reduction has a significant effect on the performance of local, global, and hybrid search, while a purely random search is unaffected.

Nanomaterials for Light Management in Electro‐Optical Devices

In the past decade, nanostructured materials and nanoparticles have emerged as the necessary ingredients for electrooptical applications and enhancement of device performance, in particular by making use of the light management aspects of the nanomaterials. The application areas that are being transformed profoundly include smart coating devices (e.g., electrochromic, photochromic, and thermochromic devices), solar energy, and sensing. Despite the large volume of work in the past on smart coating devices, and in particular on electrochromic devices and thermochromic fenestrations, for optical transmission or reflection control, applications remain limited because of slow response time and nonuniformity in the case of large surfaces. Recent works in the field indicate that nanostructured electrochromic coatings would be an integral part of the solution to the above problem. One aspect that can thus be focused on would be the fabrication and characterization of the nanostructured smart coating materials and their compatibility with other layers in the overall smart coating device. In the area of solar photovoltaics, nanomaterials have been used in designing light-trapping schemes for inorganic as well as organic solar cells. One particular category of solar cells that has attracted much interest is the plasmonic solar cells in which metallic nanoparticles are incorporated, helpingmore » in enhancing their energy conversion efficiency. Nanostructured solar cells would eventually develop into a 'game changing' technology for making solar cells that are affordable and highly efficient, providing a sizeable alternative energy source for our ever-increasing energy needs. Sensors based on the optical properties of constituting nanostructures and nanoparticles also form a most interesting class of bio- and electrochemical sensing devices. The possibility of synthetizing nanoparticles and structures of specifically desired sizes and shapes has indeed opened a whole new range of sensing applications. In parallel to the experimental development of nanomaterials for light management in devices, theoretical modeling and analysis have also accomplished much progress, and different methods for simulating the optical properties of nanoparticles and structures have been proposed. This special issue of the Journal of Nanomaterials is thus dedicated to articles dealing with nanostructured materials that can be used for light management purpose in different applications. Silicon-rich oxide (SRO) is a dielectric material that contains Si nanoparticles and exhibits interesting physical characteristics for applications in optoelectronic devices. The work by Aceves-Mijares et al. examine, in detail the electro-, cathode- and photoluminescence properties of SRO and discuss the origin of light emission in this type of materials. SRO films, of high and medium silicon excess density, obtained by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and annealed at 1,100 C have been studied. Results obtained by the authors have led to conclude that SRO emission properties are due to oxidation state nanoagglomerates rather than to nanocrystals, and the emission mechanism is similar to that in the donor-acceptor decay in semiconductors with a specific wide emission spectrum. Two papers are devoted to nanostructured electrochromic thin films, a category of materials most suitable for controlling light transmission or absorption in electrooptical devices, including smart window coatings. Dinh et al. have shown that by mixing nanostructured Ti and W oxides films, one can obtain devices with considerable enhancement of electrochromic efficiency and electrochemical stability as compared to the conventional nonnanostructured films. As large-area mixed Ti and W oxides can be prepared by the simple doctor blade technique followed by an electrochemical process, this type of nanostructured electrochromic films can be considered a good candidate for smart window applications. Djaoued et al. have presented their studies on the synthesis, characterization, and electrochromic applications of porous WO{sub 3} thin films with different nanocrystalline phases. Asymmetric type electrochromic devices have been constructed using hexagonal, monoclinic, and orthorhombic porous WO{sub 3} thin porous films, and their enhanced electrochromic functionality has been well demonstrated. The paper on smart materials by Chen et al. presents the synthesis of thermochromic W-doped VO{sub 2} (monoclinic/rutile) nanopowders using a novel and simple solution-based process as opposed to other conventional techniques such as excimer laser-assisted metal organic deposition and magnetron sputtering. This simple process is based on the reaction of ammonium metavanadate (NH{sub 4}VO{sub 3}) and oxalic acid dihydrate (C{sub 2}H{sub 2}O{sub 4} {center_dot} 2H{sub 2}O) followed by addition of appropriate ammonium tungstate (N{sub 5}H{sub 37}W{sub 6}O{sub 24} {center_dot} H{sub 2}O).« less

A novel concept of dielectrophoretic engine oil filter

A novel concept of an alternating current (AC) dielectrophoretic filter with a three-dimensional electrode array is presented. A filter is constructed by winding into layers around the core tube two sheets of woven metal wire-mesh with several sheets of woven insulating wire-mesh sandwiched in between. Contrary to conventional dielectrophoretic devices, the proposed design of electrodes generates a high-gradient field over a large working volume by applying several hundred volts at a standard frequency of 60 Hz. The operating principle of filtration is based on our recently developed method of AC dielectrophoretic gating for microfluidics. The filtration efficiency is expressed in terms of two non-dimensional parameters, which describe the combined influence of the particle polarizability and size, the oil viscosity and flow rate, and the field gradient on the particle captivity. The proof-of-concept is tested by measuring the single-pass performance of two filters on positively polarized particles dispersed in engine oil: spherical glass beads, fused aluminum oxide powder, and silicon metal powder, all smaller than the mesh opening. The results obtained are used to consider the potential of using AC dielectrophoretic filtration and provide critical design guidelines for the development of a filter based on the retention capability of challenge particles.

O2-3.5 The short form health survey as an instrument for the screening of depressive symptoms in the elderly population

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is a large volume of scientific works concerning the utility of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and its mental health component (MCS-12) for diagnosing depression and anxiety disorders in samples of a general population. Because of the existence of a great number of studies using SF-12 data, it is convenient to estimate depressive symptoms from measurements of MCS-12 in more susceptible populations <i>such as the elderly</i>. In this paper we studied the validity of this scale as a screening measure of severe depressive symptoms in epidemiological research. <h3>Objectives</h3> To elect a cut-off point in the MCS-12 scale leading to proper discrimination of severe cases of depressive symptoms as measured by the GDS scale, with good sensibility and specificity. <h3>Methods</h3> Data come from part of the SABE study—a longitudinal research in the city of São Paulo, 2000/2006/2010. N=1155 people aged 65 and plus were interviewed in the 2006 round. ROC analysis was used to select a cut-off point in the MCS-12. <h3>Results</h3> 905 persons reported answers to both scales. General prevalence of severe depression was 2.6% (1.6 males, 3.2 females). A cut-off point of 43 in MCS-12 leaded to 88% area under ROC curve. Accuracy was 89.3 (86.5 females, 93.5 males), sensibility 0.73 (0.72 females, 0.75 males) and specificity 0.90 (0.87 females, 0.94 males). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The validation parameters found in this research indicate that the MCS-12 is a valid measure of depressive symptoms in epidemiologic studies of elders, and a screening tool for depression in clinical practice.

Heavy Genealogy: Mapping the Currents, Contraflows and Conflicts of the Emergent Field of Metal Studies, 1978-2010

What is metal studies? How can we define and characterize it? How has it emerged as a body of academic enquiry? What are its dominant disciplinary strands, theoretical concepts and preferred methodologies? Which studies have claimed most attention, defined the goals of scholarship, typical research strategies and values? How has the claim for the legitimacy or symbolic value of metal scholarship been achieved (if it has): over time and through gradual acceptance or through conflict and contestation? How can this process of formation, or strategy of legitimation, be mapped, examined and interrogated and which methods of historical, institutional and cultural analysis are best suited to this task? Working with the most complete bibliography to date of published research on heavy metal, music and culture (the MSBD), this article employs Foucault’s archaeological “method” to examine the institutional, cultural and political contexts and conflicts that inform the genealogy of this scholarship. Such analysis reveals a formative, largely negative account of heavy metal to be found in the “sociology of rock”; a large volume of psychology work, examining heavy metal music preference as an indicator of youth risk, deviance and delinquency; sociological work on youth and deviancy critical of the values of this research and its links to social policy and politics; culminating in the work of Weinstein and Walser, who advocate a perspective sympathetic to the values of heavy metal fans themselves. Following Bourdieu, I interpret such symbolic strategies as claims for expertise within the academic field that are high or low in symbolic capital to the extent they can attain disciplinary autonomy. I then go on to examine the most recent strands of research, within cultural studies and ethnomusicology, concerned with the global metal music diaspora, and consider to what extent such work is constitutive of a coherent subfield of metal studies that can be distinguished from earlier work and what the implications of this might be.