Large Teeth Research Articles

Impact of orthodontic treatment need and deviant occlusal traits on oral health–related quality of life in children: A cross-sectional study in the Generation R cohort

Many studies have investigated the impact of orthodontic treatment need (OTN) on children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). However, few studies have explored the impact of deviant occlusal traits on OHRQOL regarding the severity of OTN. This cross-sectional study aims to address this gap in the literature. This study was conducted within the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. We assessed OTN with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and OHRQOL with a parental short-form of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile in 3048 children at a median age of 9.74years (9.5-10.0). We also further assessed individual malocclusion traits in a subsample of 2714 children. We investigated the association between OTN, malocclusion traits, and OHRQOL using multiple regression analysis with weighted least squares. Children with definite (adjusted effect estimate=-0.81; 95% confidence interval -1.12 to -0.50) or borderline (adjusted effect estimate=-0.34; 95% confidence interval -0.61 to -0.08) OTN experienced significant decreases in their OHRQOL than those with no need. An impacted tooth, increased overjet, or crowding had significant negative impacts on children's OHRQOL. Children with an overjet experienced negative impacts on OHRQOL even when orthodontic treatment was not necessary. Progressively greater OTN has increasingly negative impacts on parent's perception of children's OHRQOL. In particular, children presenting with large overjets and impacted teeth have lower OHRQOL. These perspectives add to better patient-clinician communication and understanding of patient expectations around OTN, which may potentially lead to improvements in quality of care from the patient perspective.

Redescription of the cranial skeleton of the Early Devonian (Emsian) sarcopterygianDurialepis edentatusOtto (Dipnomorpha, Porolepiformes)

AbstractPorolepiforms represent a clade of Devonian stem lungfishes, divided into the cosmine‐bearing and probably paraphyletic ‘Porolepidae’ (e.g.Porolepis,Heimenia) and the cosmine‐free and stratigraphically younger Holoptychiidae (e.g.Holoptychius,Glyptolepis,Laccognathus). Data on the dermoskeleton are available for both groups, but are more limited for ‘porolepids’. Here we present new information on the ‘porolepid’Durialepis edentatusfrom the Emsian (Early Devonian) of Germany based on micro‐computed tomography. The material comprises an articulated skull of a single three‐dimensionally preserved individual. The arrangement of the cheekbones ofDurialepis edentatusrecalls that ofPorolepis brevis, with the occurrence of two subsidiary squamosals. However, the parieto‐ethmoidal and postparietal shields are roughly equal in size, a condition similar to that ofGlyptolepis groenlandicaand intermediate betweenPorolepis brevisand holoptychiids. A large parasymphysial tooth plate displays five tooth rows with three large tusks in the median row, another intermediate arrangement between the primitive condition ofPorolepissp. (eight rows) and holoptychiids (five or fewer rows). Remarkably among porolepiforms, this dental plate is perfectly symmetrical. Despite the occurrence of cosmine and rhombic scales, the combination of traits displayed inDurialepisdeviates fromPorolepisin several ways, reflecting features shared with holoptychiids to the exclusion of other ‘porolepids’.Durialepis edentatusis thus a key addition to our knowledge of ‘porolepid’ anatomy. BecauseDurialepis edentatuspreserves much of the cranial and postcranial skeleton in a single individual, it represents a suitable early dipnomorph representative for inclusion in phylogenetic analyses on sarcopterygians and early osteichthyans.

Ontogenetic dietary shifts in Deinonychus antirrhopus (Theropoda; Dromaeosauridae): Insights into the ecology and social behavior of raptorial dinosaurs through stable isotope analysis

The image of the highly intelligent, pack-hunting raptor has become engrained in scientific literature and popular works alike. First proposed to explain the relatively common co-occurrence of the large-bodied iguanodontian Tenontosaurus tilletti and the wolf-sized Deinonychus antirrhopus from the Lower Cretaceous of North America, a canid-like social hunting structure has become the standard depiction of dromaeosaurs in popular works over the last three decades. This reconstruction is, however, problematic largely due to the fact that highly coordinated hunting strategies are rarely observed in modern archosaurs. This has led to the alternative hypothesis that D. antirrhopus was more analogous to agonistic reptilian carnivores, like the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis). Among the many differences between these two analogs is how social and asocial organisms rear their young, producing a diagnostic pattern based on the presence or absence of ontogenetic dietary changes. In order to test for dietary changes through growth, stable carbon and oxygen isotope (δ13C, δ18O) analysis was performed on tooth carbonate from small (<4.5 mm crown height) and large (>9 mm crown height) D. antirrhopus specimens from two microsites from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly (Montana) and Antlers (Oklahoma) formations. Teeth from goniopholidid crocodylians and Tenontosaurus tilletti from the Cloverly Formation were also tested for comparison. The results show that the Cloverly goniopholidids, like their modern counterparts, went through a distinct transition in diet as they grew. The smallest teeth were the relatively most enriched in 13C (mean = −9.32‰; n = 5), the medium-sized teeth were the most-depleted in 13C (mean = −10.56‰; n = 5), and the largest teeth were intermediate (mean = −10.12‰; n = 6). These factors are characteristic of the dietary shifts seen in modern asocial reptiles. D. antirrhopus showed this same pattern in tooth samples collected from both rock units, with small teeth being the more enriched in 13C (mean = −8.99‰; n = 10) and the large teeth being more depleted in 13C (mean = −10.38‰; n = 10). These differences suggest that juvenile and adult D. antirrhopus from both formations likely consumed different prey. Hypothetical food sources, such as T. tilletti, are close to the 13C isotopic signal of adult D. antirrhopus, consistent with the hypothesized trophic relationship (predator-prey) between these two species. Juvenile D. antirrhopus had a diet more enriched in 13C, likely composed of smaller-bodied, but trophically-higher species. Taken together, these data add to the growing evidence that D. antirrhopus was not a complex social hunter by modern mammalian standards.

Corona II – eclipse

Corona II – eclipse

Risk factors for lingual plate fracture during mandibular third molar extraction.

The aim of this study was to predict the risk of lingual plate fracture during mandibular third molar (M3) extraction. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from 264 mandibular M3s (erupted and impacted) from 264 patients (104 males and 160 females; age range, 17-75years) were retrospectively analyzed. Lingual plate thicknesses at the levels of the mid-root and root apex of the M3s were measured and defined as "thicker" (bone thicker than 1mm), "thinner" (bone thinner than 1mm), or "perforated" (bone perforated by the M3 root). These measurements were correlated with potential risk factors for thinner and perforated lingual plates: tooth position of the mandibular M3, morphology of the lingual plate, and patient characteristics (age and sex). The mean thickness of the lingual plate was 1.49 ± 1.38mm at the mid-root of the M3s, and 2.35 ± 2.03mm at the root apex. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that mesioangularly and horizontally impacted M3s were significantly associated with thinner and perforated lingual plates at the mid-root (P < 0.001), whereas the M3s in infra-occlusion positions (in infra-occlusion when compared with the adjacent second molar) had thinner lingual bone at the root apex (P= 0.022 and P= 0.027, depending on the level of impaction). Female patients were less likely to have lingual plate perforation (P = 0.036). Mesioangulation, infra-occlusion, and male sex were risk factors for lingual plate fracture. When the risk of lingual plate fracture is high, a sufficiently large flap, osteotomy, and tooth section by bur or piezosurgery are recommended to create a good operative field and avoid excessive pressure on the lingual plate.

A new species of Callichirus (Axiidea, Callianassidae) from the Pleistocene bioclastic sediment of southeast Brazil

A new species of ghost shrimp, Callichirus santensissp.nov., is described from the Upper Pleistocene Cananéia Formation, southeast Brazil. The new species is described based upon preserved ischium, carpus, propodus, and dactylus of the male major cheliped. Diagnostic features of the new species include: (i) ischium with distinctive lateral carina; (ii) carpus unarmed; and (iii) cutting edge of dactylus consisting of large subrectangular tooth proximally, large acute tooth centrally, and small blunt teeth distally. The new species represents the first record for the genus from the Pleistocene of Brazil.

Review of Eyeless Pseudosinella Schäffer (Collembola, Entomobryidae, and Lepidocyrtinae) from Brazilian Caves.

Herein, eyeless Pseudosinella species from Brazilian caves are reviewed, including the description of 23 new species, new records plus additional notes on the descriptions of P. ambigua Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima and of P. guanhaensis Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima. We also provide an identification key to 27 eyeless species recorded from Brazil. To organize the 26 Brazilian eyeless taxa analyzed in this work, we organize them in apparently artificial groups: 11 species have one larger tooth on the unguiculus outer lamella (petterseni group); one presents unguiculus outer lamella smooth or serrated (never with a larger tooth), with 9 held prelabral chaetae undivided and the last 6 held prelabral chaetae bifurcated. The Brazilian species of eyeless Pseudosinella herein described present a remarkably conservate dorsal chaetotaxy; therefore, the main diagnostic characters are related to other features like prelabral, labral, and ventral head chaetotaxy and empodial complex morphology. In addition, our study suggests that Brazilian caves possibly shelter a great diversity of Pseudosinella taxa, several of them potentially cave dependent.

Revision of the sixgill sawsharks, genus Pliotrema (Chondrichthyes, Pristiophoriformes), with descriptions of two new species and a redescription of P. warreni Regan.

Recent sampling efforts in Madagascar and Zanzibar, as well as examinations of six-gilled sawsharks in several museum collections provided evidence for a complex of species within Pliotrema warreni Regan. The present manuscript contains a redescription of P. warreni involving the syntypes and additional material, as well as formal descriptions of two new species of Pliotrema Regan. All specimens of both new species were found in the western Indian Ocean. Individuals of the first new species, hereafter referred to as P. kajae sp. nov., were identified originating from Madagascar and the Mascarene Ridge. Specimens of the second new species, hereafter referred to as P. annae sp. nov., were only found off Zanzibar. Pliotrema kajae sp. nov. appears to inhabit upper insular slopes and submarine ridges at depths of 214–320 m, P. annae sp. nov. so far is only known from shallow waters (20–35 m). Both new species differ from P. warreni in a number of characteristics including the known distribution range and fresh coloration. Taxonomical differences include barbels that are situated approximately half way from rostral tip to mouth, with prebarbel length equidistant from barbel origin to symphysis of the upper jaw in P. kajae sp. nov. and P. annae sp. nov. (vs. about two thirds way from rostral tip to mouth, with prebarbel length about twice the distance from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw in P. warreni) and rostra that are clearly and slightly constricted between barbel origin and nostrils, respectively (vs. rostrum not constricted). Pliotrema kajae sp. nov. differs from P. annae sp. nov. in a longer snout, more numerous large lateral rostral teeth and upper jaw tooth rows, jaw teeth with (vs. without) sharp basal folds, and coloration, particularly pale to light brown (vs. medium to dark brown) dorsal coloration with (vs. without) two indistinct yellowish stripes. A revised diagnosis of Pliotrema and a key to the species are provided.

Late ontogeny in the small Early Permian amphibamiform dissorophoid Pasawioops mayi

ABSTRACT Ontogenetic series are rarely preserved in the fossil record, but when present they provide valuable insight into life history, developmental, and evolutionary patterns in extinct taxa. Here, we describe an intact, three-dimensionally preserved skull of Pasawioops mayi (Amphibamiformes, Micropholidae), which has not been fully described previously. Together with the holotype, also an intact skull, these two specimens of Pasawioops are interpreted as part of an ontogenetic series. The two specimens differ in traits that are thought to change during ontogeny in temnospondyls, including elongation of the postorbital region, transformation of the palatal dentition from small groups of denticles to significantly larger teeth, and a posteriorly shifting lower jaw articulation. We survey previously described amphibamiform taxa and use the ontogenetic data derived from Pasawioops to identify other potential ontogenetic series (e.g., Eoscopus). Additionally, we briefly compare amphibamiform ontogenetic series to known ontogenetic data of olsoniform and micromelerpetontid dissorophoids, and other early tetrapod lineages, to determine the extent to which ontogeny may or may not be conserved across these lineages. Several aspects of the ontogeny of Pasawioops are found to be present in lissamphibians and Amphibamiformes (i.e., branchiosaurids and amphibamids), revealing that some ontogeny-dependent traits are highly conserved within this group, whereas others are more broadly conserved across other tetrapod lineages.

Periodontal and dental conditions of a school population in a volcanic region of Tanzania with highly fluoridated community drinking water

Dental fluorosis is endemic in the Rift Valley in Africa, especially around volcanic areas, due to the high fluoride content in daily drinking water. This study evaluates the oral health status and types of occlusion in a school population, and to assess the possible association between dental fluorosis and other pathologies such as decay, gingivitis and periodontitis. An observational study of 581 individuals recruited from a public secondary school in Arusha, Northern Tanzania was undertaken. The indices used were: the Silness & Löe Plaque Index, the Community Periodontal Index and the Decayed/Missing/Filled index. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed and a chi-square test was used to assess the associations between independent variables. Almost all the school children evaluated (96.73%) presented Angle class I dental occlusion, and 75.22% presented some degree of dental fluorosis. Most of the population (511, 87.95%) showed bleeding on probing. A moderate/high degree of some dental pathology (DMF score) was recorded in 14.46%. The association between dental fluorosis, gingival bleeding and tooth decay indicated a higher concentration of pathology in groups with more severe fluorosis (p<0.05). In this large population sample, both tooth decay and gingivitis were significantly associated with moderate or severe dental fluorosis.

RAIBLIANIA CALLIGARISI GEN. N., SP. N., A NEW TANYSTROPHEID (DIAPSIDA, TANYSTROPHEIDAE) FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC (CARNIAN) OF NORTHEASTERN ITALY

Tetrapod remains are extremely rare in the early Carnian (Late Triassic) Calcare del Predil Formation on the Italian side of the Julian Alps (Friuli Venezia Giulia Autonomous Region), which yielded the fossil assemblage including the famous Raibl ichthyofauna. A new tanystropheid archosauromorph, Raibliania calligarisi, is here named based on a partial skeleton found in this formation along the Prasnig Brook. The new taxon is similar to Tanystropheus, sharing with it the very elongated cervical vertebrae, but is characterized by the presence of relatively large button-like teeth; apex of the neural spines not transversely thickened; articular facets on the upper corners of the neural spines of the dorsal vertebrae; short and distally pointed pleurapophyses of the second and last 'lumbar' vertebra; ilium with a long preacetabular process bearing a robust and transversely thick tuberosity and a medial ridge bordering the entire ventral part of the iliac blade; and pubis with a cranial process. Tanystropheids lived in the present day Alps and Prealps of Friuli Venezia Giulia Region from the late Anisian to the mid-late Norian and were an important component of the coastal reptile faunas, although they were less common than eusauropterygians and placodonts during the early Carnian. Tanystropheids with extremely elongated cervical vertebrae are reported in this area from the upper Anisian to the lower Carnian.

Extraction of the mandibular canine tooth in dogs

The mandibular canine is a large tooth that often leaves a sizeable defect when extracted. An open extraction is therefore usually the most appropriate technique as this will allow a more controlled loosening of the tooth. This technique will also permit suitable closure of the extraction site.

Comparative analysis of the diet composition and its relation to morphological characteristics in Achirus mazatlanus and Syacium ovale (Pleuronectiformes: Osteichthyes) from a Mexican Pacific coastal lagoon

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to investigate differences in diet composition between Achirus mazatlanus and Syacium ovale, two flatfishes inhabiting in a tropical coastal lagoon and to investigate the relationship of their feeding habits to size, body morphometry and mouths characteristics. Fish were collected during sampling trips conducted regularly from 2011 to 2016 using several types of fishing gear. Total number of analyzed stomachs with some food content was 328 for Achirus mazatlanus from 1.4 to 21.3 cm total length (TL) and 203 for Syacium ovale with 1.3 to 24.0 cm TL. Results indicate that both species share a general diet based on benthic invertebrates and fishes but S. ovale has a more piscivorous habit, which can be explained by a more slender body shape and larger teeth, characteristics which increase prey fish catching performance. Important changes in composition of food categories related to size were not found for any species, but larger fish of both species eat larger ranges of prey sizes, and this ontogenetic change is consistent with recent developments on optimal foraging theory.

Nodular and sclerosing gastritis caused by Cylicospirura felineus in a puma (Puma concolor).

An adult male puma (Puma concolor), hit by a car in an urban area, died three days later despite the therapeutic support provided. At necropsy, multiple firm nodules were identified in the gastric mucosa. The nodules were coated by an intact mucosa with a central opening from which reddish and cylindrical nematodes protruded into the lumen. Twenty-seven nematodes were retrieved for morphological and morphometric evaluations. During histopathological examination of the gastric tissue, the adult nematodes appear in longitudinal and transverse sections, surrounded by thick bands of collagen, interspersed with mixed inflammatory infiltrates. The nematodes had an eosinophilic cuticle with caudal serrated projections (bulbar type), coelomyarian musculature, pseudocoelom, and females with uterus containing numerous larvated eggs, characteristics consistent with the Cylicospirura genus. Morphologically, female nematodes had six large tricuspid teeth in the oral cavity and the vulva had an opening anterior to the esophagus-intestinal junction. Male nematodes had five pairs of small papillae near the tip of the tail. These findings were consistent with Cylicospirura felineus. This parasite should be included in the differential diagnosis of nodular gastric wall lesions in wild felids.

&lt;strong&gt;Discovery of a new sphindid genus (Coleoptera, Sphindidae, Protosphindinae) in Cretaceous amber of Northern Myanmar and taxonomic notes&lt;/strong&gt;

Burmops neli gen. et sp. nov. is described from Cretaceous amber of Northern Myanmar, which is preliminarily assigned to the subfamily Protosphindinae Sen Gupta &amp; Crowson, 1979 (family Sphindidae). This is the first record of the subfamily from the Mesozoic and the first in the fossil record at all. The new genus differs from the Recent Protosphindus Sen Gupta &amp; Crowson, 1979 and Cretaceous Pleuroceratos Poinar &amp; Kirejtshuk, 2008 (transferred here to the subfamily Protosphindinae) in the rather convex dorsum, head with peculiar pattern of above grooves and convexities, regular elytral punctation of longitudinal rows of very coarse punctures, non-explanate and gently undulate pronotal sides (without large teeth), sharp and subrectilinear longitudinal carinae and sharp carina along anterior edge of pronotum, and also rather projecting anterior edge of pronotum. New studies of additional specimens of Pleuroceratos burmiticus from Cretaceous amber of Northern Myanmar made it possible to establish a tentative position of this genus in the subfamily Protosphindinae, very similar and closely related to Protosphindus. The fossil record of this specialized beetle family can be considered as an indirect evidence of the presence of their food resource (slime molds) in Cretaceous ecosystems.

A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) from the southwestern Atlantic

ABSTRACTA new species of ghost shrimp, Neocallichirus pinheiroi, is described based on specimens collected in subtidal habitats of Saquaira beach, northeastern coast of Brazil. This new species resembles N. lemaitrei Manning, 1993, but differs from it primarily in having a third maxilliped propodus expanded ventrally, and in the case of males, a large subtriangular tooth on the cutting edge of the major cheliped dactylus. Diagnostic features of the new species include: (i) frontal margin of carapace with rounded lateral projections not exceeding rostrum distal margin, (ii) third maxilliped carpus with row of sclerotized setae on median internal surface, (iii) minor cheliped with cutting edge of dactylus microscopically pectinate, (iv) endopod of male second pleopod with appendices interna and masculina. This is the seventh described species of the genus Neocallichirus from the western Atlantic and the fourth report of this genus in Brazil. A key for identification of western Atlantic species belonging to the genus is provided.

A large sized megalosaurid (Theropoda, Tetanurae) from the late Jurassic of Uruguay and Tanzania

We report the first Jurassic remains that can confidently be referred to a megalosaurine theropod in Uruguay and Tanzania. This identification is sustained on a detailed morphological study. The large size of both teeth (>70 mm in lateral teeth) and denticles (<7 denticles per 5 mm), the clearly visible braided enamel texture, the centrally placed and apically restricted mesial carina in mesial teeth, and general shape of the teeth strongly resembles Torvosaurus. This is coherent with multivariate analyses of two datasets of large theropod teeth measurements, and also with the results of a phylogenetic analysis of theropod teeth. The presence of Torvosaurus in the Tacuarembó Formation of Uruguay further strengthens the Late Jurassic age proposed for the fossiliferous horizon. The Uruguayan megalosaurid would represent the apex predator in the vertebrate assemblage. The occurrence of megalosaurids in the Late Jurassic of Uruguay (the first unquestionable megalosaurid from South America) and Tanzania also greatly expands the geographical range of the family.

A late Middle Pleistocene mammalian fauna recovered in northeast Guangxi, southern China: Implications for regional biogeography

In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China, Quaternary mammalian assemblages, commonly known as “Stegodon-Ailuropoda fauna”, are well documented in the central and southwest parts of the region. Unfortunately, our knowledge of Quaternary biogeographic variation in other areas of Guangxi is poor due to limited systematic investigations. Here, we report the faunal remains from the newly discovered Diaozhongyan (“DZY”) cave site in northeast Guangxi. Our initial excavation in autumn 2016 resulted in the removal of 10 square meters of sediment and the discovery of 304 pieces of large mammal teeth. Biostratigraphic correlations indicate a late Middle Pleistocene age and in situ fossil teeth and calcites were Uranium-series dated to ~210 ka. The DZY faunal assemblage consists of many typical components of the traditional “Ailuropoda-Stegodon” fauna representative of southern China. Interestingly, giant pandas, identified as Ailuropoda melanoleuca baconi, are one of the dominant components of the DZY fauna (15% of the entire assemblage). However, giant pandas rarely dominate Quaternary faunal assemblages in southern China. In addition, fossil orangutan (Pongo weidenreichi), one of the most common species in central and south Guangxi during the Middle Pleistocene, is absent in DZY in northeast Guangxi. Further, fossil orangutans have not been reported from other sites in Hunan or Hubei province. We hypothesize that the Nanling Mountains served as a geographic barrier for this species. Fossil orangutans are present southwest of this biogeographic line, but are absent northeast of the line. This biogeographic boundary needs to be further evaluated with additional studies.

The genus Navicordulia Machado &amp; Costa, 1995 (Insecta, Odonata, Corduliidae s.str.): new species, identification key for males and data on ecology and distribution

Based on male specimens a new species of the genus NavicorduliaMachado & Costa, 1995 is described from South French Guiana. This is the second species of the genus recorded for this country. The male of Navicordulia pascali n. sp. can be easily separated from all known males of the other species of the genus by the presence of a remarkable large ventral tooth at the base of the cerci. Navicordulia pascali n. sp. is a forest dwelling species inhabiting hilly landscape at low altitude. Adults seem to be on flight during the rainy season. The new species is most closely related to N. errans (Calvert, 1909) and N. leptostylaMachado & Costa, 1995, both from Cerrado of central Brazil. Affinities with the Venezuelan lowland N. vagans (De Marmels, 1989) are also probable. A differential diagnosis is given, and a key for Navicordulia species based on male characters is provided. The distributions are also given for all species of the genus. Aspects of ecology and biogeography are discussed.

New species of gall fly (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis(Myrtaceae) in southern Australia and its associated parasitoids and inquilines.

A new species of gall fly, Fergusonina nodulosa sp. nov. (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) is described from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae) in southern Australia. The adult fly is yellow with dark brown to black markings, the male postgonites have one large distal tooth and an ovoid subapical lobe with two lateral setae, the female postabdomen is short and sparsely setose, and the wing has a posterior cross vein. The larva possesses a dorsal shield comprising rows of raised spicules on thoracic segments 1-3 and abdominal segments 1-7, and the puparium is heavily sclerotised dark brown, barrel-shaped, bearing the dorsal shield. Fergusonina nodulosa sp. nov. forms nodular 'stem' galls initiating from the axial shoot buds. The galls are 2-8 mm in diameter with an average volume of 123 (range 25-480) mm3. Thirteen species of Hymenoptera, comprising primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of the gall fly and associated lepidopteran inquilines, and three species of Lepidoptera inquilines were reared from galls of this new species. Fergusonina nodulosa sp. nov. is associated with the obligate mutualist nematode, Fergusobia camaldulensae Davies.