Large-scale Urbanization Research Articles

Exploring the influence of urban agglomeration on extreme precipitation: Evidence from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China

Study regionThe urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MRUA) consisting of 31 cities is a pillar of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the largest urban agglomeration in China, densely populated, and rapidly urbanizing. Study focusExtreme precipitation events are affected by rapidly urbanized regions with uneven levels of urbanization. Hence, it is important to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of extreme precipitation in urban agglomerations and the influence of the spatially uneven development of urban areas under rapid large-scale urbanization. New hydrological insights for the regionExtreme precipitation indices (Pmax1d, R20, and PF95) exhibited significant positive trends during 1979–2018 in the MRUA, increasing by 0.43 mm/year, 0.11 day/year, and 2.46 mm/year, respectively. Regression models based on raster urbanization data were constructed, and the impervious area ratio (IA) and landscape shape index (SI) were shown to be the dominant urbanization factors affecting regional extreme precipitation, with a particularly positive spatial correlation with PF95 and Pmax1d at all stages of urbanization. Moreover, the urban-rural comparison results revealed that the difference in SI of each city was positively correlated with the urban heat island intensity. In the three provincial capitals, Pmax1d and R50 were greater in urban centres than in rural areas. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding in the variability of extreme precipitation events under the influence of large-scale urbanization.

A megaton-scale industrial demonstration study on hydrothermal mineralization enabled silty waste upcycling

The continual large-scale urbanization and urban renewal in coastal cities of China have accumulated massive silty residue (SR) that may alter the coastal lines and always exerts high stresses to local environments. To meet China’s sustainable development policy, the need for green and high-efficient industrial treatments and reuse of SR is urgent. In this work, we may, for the first time, report a megaton-scale industrial project to upcycle low-quality SR and recycled aggregate (RA) to manufacture construction materials with hydrothermal mineralization (HM). In-situ pilot tests on five batches of SR-RA blocks were conducted. Results demonstrate that the produced blocks possess the compressive strengths of 11.4–15.8 MPa, densities of 1280–1430 kg/m3, porosities of 35–44%, CO2 emissions of 170.22–187.29 kg e-CO2/m3 and costs of 126.49–156.51 CNY/m3, comparable with or superior than the commercial blocks. The silica in SR could react with lime to produce tobermorite with stable pseudohexagonal plate under HM treatment, which improved the microstructure of the material. The findings validate the industrial practicability of upcycling low-quality SR and RA with HM for valuable construction block manufacture.

Integrating key ecosystem services to study the spatio-temporal dynamics and determinants of ecosystem health in Wuhan’s central urban area

The central areas of many Chinese cities have experienced large-scale urbanization in recent decades, a trend that is affecting the quality of life of residents and posing challenges to the sustainable development of urban ecosystems. Hence, it is vital to conduct assessments of urban ecosystems’ health conditions to ensure their sustainability. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystem health in the central city of Wuhan were analyzed using the Vigor-Organization-Resilience-Service (VORS) model. The sensitivity of ecosystem health at different scales was also investigated using hierarchical health assessment delineation and random forest regression methods. The results showed that the composite index of ecosystem health has been declining since 2000, highlighting the negative impacts of shrinking ecological space, declining service capacity and urban expansion. Health zoning divides areas into five categories. Meanwhile, the health zones are located in areas of dense shrubs, cropland and water bodies on the edge of the central city, while the weak zones are mainly in the core of the city, which is 99.33 % impervious surface. The main factors influencing ecosystem health, including impervious surface area, water bodies and topography, vary from region to region. The study proposes targeted ecological management strategies for different health zones in Wuhan, emphasizing ecosystem protection and providing guidance for sustainable urban development.

Ecological drivers of nesting behavior in a subtropical city: An observational study on spotted doves.

Due to rapid homogenization in habitat types as a result of urbanization, some urban birds adapt their nesting strategies to changes in local habitat characteristics. Bird nesting decisions might have been mainly linked to resource constraints and ensuring reproductive success. In this study, we examined patterns of nesting behavior by spotted doves (Spilopelia chinensis) in a rapidly urbanizing area of Nanchang, China using ArcGIS 10.8, satellite tracking, camera traps, and field survey. To explore the mechanisms underlying nesting behavior in urban habitats, we assessed the correlations between nest reuse and reproductive success, and between nest reuse and nest predation. From December 2018 to December 2021, a total of 302 breeding nests were surveyed. The results revealed that the nest reuse rate was 38.08% (n = 115). Nests closer to trunk, with lower nest position and higher large-scale urbanization score tended to have higher reuse rate. In addition, nests with the higher the nest height and percent of canopy cover, and the lower small-scale urbanization score were more likely to reproduce successfully, and the reused nests also reproduce more successfully. The reproductive success associated with nest reuse was significantly higher than that associated with new nests (χ 2 = 8.461, p = .004). High degree of urbanization promoted nest reuse of spotted doves (large-scale urbanization score, z = 2.094, p = .036), which apparently enhanced their reproductive success (nest reuse, z = 2.737, p = .006). In conclusion, a nest structure with good permeability is the material basis for the nest reuse in spotted dove, while the relatively low risk of predation in urban habitat and the scarcity of nest site resources due to urbanization increase the tendency of birds to reuse old nests, which is associated with their reproductive success and evolutionary fitness.

Did Urban Resilience Improve during 2005–2021? Evidence from 31 Chinese Provinces

In the context of climate change, various natural disasters and extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency. In addition, large-scale urbanization in China poses serious challenges to disaster resilience. The convergence of climate change and large-scale urbanization has made the enhancement of urban resilience (UR) an important guideline for current urban development. This study analyzes the UR of 31 provinces in China during 2005–2021 through the entropy method. A UR evaluation index system is constructed from the perspective of population resilience, social resilience, economic resilience, safeguarding facility resilience, and ecological resilience. The results demonstrate the following: (1) The overall performance of UR in China is relatively low, with an average value of 0.2390. (2) Chinese provinces significantly differ in UR levels, with Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Fujian being the top performers and Guangxi, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Gansu, and Tibet being the bottom. (3) From 2005 to 2021, the average UR value of the 31 Chinese provinces significantly improved. (4) Generally, the eastern, middle, and western regions exhibit relatively high, medium, and low average UR values, respectively. These research findings provide valuable references for Chinese policymakers to adopt measures for promoting UR enhancement and urban safety.

An innovative environmental regulation tool for regional air pollution based on DEA-RFR

Environmental regulation tools are one of the conventional means for pollution control in various countries. For large-scale urbanization regions, reasonable pre-allocation of pollutant emission amount for each area is an effective regulation to improve air quality. Treating pollutant emission quota as a resource element, a comprehensive input-output model has been established based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, to evaluate the rationality of pollutant emission allocation and provide adjustment scheme, thus developing an environmental regulation tool. The index system includes factors of economy, environment, energy consumption, demographic and land-use as input indicators, regional GDP and environmental air quality index as output indicators. The regulation tool is applied to the current air pollutant emission management in Henan Province, China. The results show that 7 cities need to further adjust the allocation scheme, among which, Anyang, Xinxiang, Nanyang and Shangqiu are suggested to reduce the emission allocation quotas; Puyang and Zhumadian are suggested to increase the emission allocation quotas; Pingdingshan shall seek optimization paths through collaborative improvement. Further, to verify the effectiveness of the tool, by joint using Random Forest Regression (RFR), a DEA efficiency reassessment is conducted on the obtained new allocation scheme of Nanyang City. The results show that the efficiency of the new allocation scheme has reached optimal. This study provides a practical and effective regulation tool for regional management of pollutant emission, to balance economic growth and environmental protection.

Projecting the response of ecological risk to land use/land cover change in ecologically fragile regions

Anthropogenic activities have dramatically altered land use/land cover (LULC), leading to ecosystem service (ES) degradation and further ecological risks. Ecological risks are particularly serious in ecologically fragile regions because trade-offs between economic development and ecological protection are prominent. Thus, ways in which to assess the response of ecological risks to LULC change under each development scenario in ecologically fragile regions remain challenging. In this study, future LUCC and its impact on ESs under four development scenarios in 2040 in western Jilin Province were predicted using a patch-generating land use simulation model and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model. Ecological risk was assessed based on future LUCC possibilities, and potential ES degradation and potential drivers of ecological risks were explored using a geographic detector. The results showed that the cropland development scenario (CDS) would experience large-scale urbanization and cropland expansion. Carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and water purification (WP) degraded the most under the CDS, and grain yield (GY) and water yield (WY) degraded the most under the ecological protection scenario (EPS). The LUCC probability under the CDS (14.37 %) was the highest, while the LUCC probability under the comprehensive development scenario (CPDS) (8.68 %) was the lowest. The risk of WP degradation was greatest under the CDS, but the risk of soil retention (SR) degradation was greatest under the natural development scenario (NDS), EPS, and CPDS. Ecological risk coverage was the largest (98.04 %), and ecological risks were the highest (0.21) under the CDS, while those under the EPS were the opposite. Distance to roads and population density had a higher impact on ecological risks than other drivers. Further attention should be given to the ecological networks and pattern establishment in urbanized regions. This study will contribute to risk prevention and sustainable urban and agricultural development.

The importance of urban areas in supporting vulnerable and endangered mammals

The fragmentation of habitats associated with urbanisation poses a significant threat to already vulnerable and endangered mammal species. While the county of Dorset has been identified as one of the UK’s biodiversity hotspots, it is characterised by large-scale urbanisation and intensive agriculture. Focusing on the largest urban area of Dorset—the conurbation of Bournemouth, Christchurch, and Poole—this study aims to investigate the importance of urban areas in supporting vulnerable and endangered mammals by comparing it to four other major land cover categories in the county: arable & horticulture, grassland, woodland, and heathland. The study utilises data collected by the county’s environmental records department through mainly volunteer-contributed ad-hoc sighting data of 10 872 georeferenced mammal records collected between 2000 and 2018. Our findings reveal that, despite having significantly different mammal communities to all other land covers, urban land cover was shown to host four out of five of the vulnerable and endangered species recorded in this study. These included the European rabbit (vulnerable on the IUCN red list), hazel dormouse (vulnerable on the UK red list), West European hedgehog (vulnerable on the UK red list) and European water vole (endangered on the UK red list). Our findings highlight the significance of urban areas as important habitats for mammal biodiversity, presenting an opportunity for the conservation of specific vulnerable and endangered species. Despite limitations in ad-hoc sighting data, our analysis indicates an overrepresentation of certain 'charismatic' species, like foxes and hedgehogs, in urban samples, likely due to their high intrinsic value to the population. While the recognition of urban habitats for 'red list' species is growing, it is also important to acknowledge the relative importance of charismatic species to urban human communities in conservation and management strategies.

High Resolution WRF Modelling of Extreme Heat Events and Mapping of the Urban Heat Island Characteristics in Athens, Greece

In recent decades, large-scale urbanisation has developed rapidly, resulting in significant changes in the local and regional environment and climate. Large metropolitan areas worldwide induce significant changes in local atmospheric circulation and boundary layer meteorology by modifying the underlying surface characteristics and through the emission of anthropogenic heat and pollutants into the atmosphere. We investigate the urban heat island (UHI) characteristics in the city of Athens, Greece, which is one of Europe’s largest metropolitan complexes with a population of approximately 3.7 million inhabitants. The UHI effect is intense due to the city’s size, dense construction, high incident solar radiation, and almost complete lack of natural vegetation, with previous studies suggesting a temperature rise of 4 °C on average in the city centre compared to summer background conditions. We used high-resolution WRF simulations (1-km horizontal grid) driven with ERA5 reanalysis data to produce surface temperature maps in the city of Athens and the surrounding areas (Region of Attiki) during the summer period of 1 July–20 August 2021. Different model parameterizations were tested, both with respect to urban characteristics and physical parameters. The daily minimum and maximum temperatures (Tmin and Tmax) derived from the model were validated against observational data from a dense network of weather stations covering metropolitan Athens and surrounding locations. We further investigate the influence of different meteorological conditions on the UHI gradients as produced by the model and the observational dataset, including the extreme heat wave of 28 July–5 August 2021, during which persistent maximum temperatures of >40 °C were recorded for nine consecutive days. The results indicate a strong correlation between WRF output and recorded minimum and maximum temperatures throughout the test period (R ranges from 0.80 to 0.93), with an average mean absolute bias (MAB) of 1.5 °C, and reveal the intensity and spatiotemporal variability of the UHI phenomenon in the city of Athens, with UHI magnitude reaching 8–9 °C at times. Our work aims to maximise the potential of using high-resolution WRF modelling for simulating extreme heat events and mapping the UHI effect in large metropolitan complexes.

Application of life cycle assessment to high quality-soil conditioner production from biowaste

The recent large-scale urbanization and industrialization resulted in an impressive growth of solid waste generation worldwide. Organic fraction generally constitutes a large fraction of municipal solid waste and its peculiar chemical properties open to various valorization strategies. On this purpose, life cycle assessment is applied to an innovative industrial system that processes 18 kt/y of agricultural and livestock waste into a high-quality soil conditioner. The high-quality soil conditioner production system consists of a series of processes, including anaerobic digestion and vermicomposting, allowing the generation of a peat-like material with high carbon content, porosity, and water-holding capacity. The presence of a photovoltaic plant and a cogeneration plant, fed with the biogas produced in the anaerobic digestion, makes the system entirely self-sufficient from the national grid and generating a surplus of electricity of 1177MWh/y. The high-quality soil conditioner showed better environmental performances in 15 out of 18 impact categories when compared to alternative scenarios. In particular, the high-quality soil conditioner and the related biowaste management resulted in a carbon saving of around 397 kg CO2 eq/ton compared with a scenario involving the employment of peat in place of the high-quality soil conditioner and a traditional biowaste management, and 165 kg CO2 eq/ton compared with a scenario where cogeneration is replaced by biomethane upgrading. This study demonstrates the possibility of using organic waste as an environmentally sustainable and renewable source for energy and carbon to soil conditioning.

CITY-ORIENTED POLITICS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS OF NEW URBANISM AND MUNICIPALITY ON THE WAY TO INNOVATION

The article discusses the latest trends related to global transformations in the context of the introduction of a new global “place-based politics”. The author draws attention to the fact that due to the technological, demographic and migration processes that lead to large-scale urbanization and the concentration of the Earth’s population in cities, the recognition of the comfort of the city, oriented to the needs of the social and the needs of people of different ages, has become a privileged object of such a global and national policy. It is noted that urbanization and the formation of global cities – metropolises, agglomerations, etc. – leads to excessive concentration of production, uneven global settlement of territories, excessive immigration load on the centres of industrial growth, which in turn causes problems of global social inequality, which is also manifested in the hierarchy cities, and in the internal social hierarchy in cities. The author points out that social movements: New Municipalism and New Urbanism have become global social movements that embody innovations to help solve the above problems. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the main proposals of new urbanism and new municipalism for the implementation of “place-based politics” in the city as a centre of innovation. The article examines the historical features of the development of both movements built on the slogans: “democracy begins where you live” and “right to the city”. The article defines the goals and principles of activity of organizations that are participants in these movements, and also examines the scientific and methodological discourse formed around the development of these movements. In particular, the author presents an interpretation of the “nature” of municipalism, analyzes three models of municipalism, according to Matthew Thompson’s typology. In the conclusions, the author points out that planning ideas and successful projects of New Urbanism promote tools for quality urban planning for the sake of people in the conditions of global reconstruction of urban networks for the purpose of deconcentration and demonopolization of resources and investments. The ideas of New Municipalism promote tools to ensure self-organization at the city level, tools of social solidarity interaction to protect human interests.

Exploring the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial land use eco-efficiency in China: Evidence from a spatial and non-linear analysis

The abundant supply of industrial land has played an important role in China's large-scale urbanization and industrialization. A large amount of industrial land is characterized by low-efficiency use and high industrial-pollution emissions. To improve industrial land use eco-efficiency (ILUE), the Chinese government is continuously strengthening the market-oriented reforms of industrial land transactions. Different from previous studies that assess the effectiveness of such an effort based on non-spatial and linear perspectives, this study explores the spatial and non-linear effects of the market-oriented reforms on ILUE, using data of 99 cities in China collected from 2009 to 2020. We evaluate the market-oriented reforms with two indicators of industrial land premium rate (ILPR) and the ratio of bidding, auction, and listing (RBAL) in industrial land transactions, then measure the spatial and non-linear effects using the spatial panel data model. The results show that the rising ILPR in adjacent cities negatively affected local ILUE, but the RBAL had no obvious spatial effects. The relationship between ILPR and ILUE showed a U-shaped curve; that between RBAL and ILUE was an inverted U-shape. The effects were heterogeneous across regions. The rising ILPR of adjacent cities positively affected local ILUE in the east, while negatively in the central region. The increasing RBAL had no noticeable spatial effects except in the central region. The western region did not show significant spatial effects. The relationships between ILUE and the two indicators showed U-shaped curves of different shapes in the three regions. The findings help to improve future ILUE by managing the industrial land markets in better ways.

The evolution of the planning system in the process of large-scale and rapid urbanization in China

Urban planning is a fundamental policy tool for countries to manage their land use and spatial development. As a nation’s economic, social and technological development undergoes changes, so does its planning system evolve dynamically to address the challenges of each era. In China, with the average annual urban population increasing 17.25 million since 1978, the spatial distribution of population and economic resources has undergone unprecedented great changes. The transformation of China’s planning system during the rapid and large-scale urbanization process could be divided into four stages: restoration of urban plan and establishment of the planning system (1978–1990); growth and development of the planning system under the market-oriented economic system (1990–2000); integration of urban and rural planning (2000–2010); exploring and forming a unified spatial planning system under the guidance of ecological civilization construction (2010–). This paper analyzes the characteristics of urbanization in China since the reform and opening up, the related era-specific issues and the policy responses, then elaborates the new landmark planning types that emerged in each stage, as well as summarizing the evolution process. There is no “standard, universal paradigm” in the process of building a country’s planning system, and no unchanging template or unified approach to achieving it.

Assessing the impact of fractional vegetation cover on urban thermal environment: A case study of Hangzhou, China

The large-scale urbanization has changed the surface characteristics of cities, seriously affected the urban heat balance, and worsened the urban thermal environment. The regulation of vegetation coverage on urban climate has received extensive attention. This study aims to assess and predict changes in the urban thermal environment of Hangzhou by monitoring the variation of the urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI) affected by fractional vegetation cover (FVC) changes. The results indicate that the area of high level FVC will likely decrease by 52.91%, while the area of lower level FVC will likely increase by 33.83% from 1990 to 2030. Furthermore, the area of the strongest level UTFVI shows a significant trend of expansion, increasing by 467.299 km2 from 1990 to 2030, while the area of other levels UTFVI shows different degrees of decrease. Specifically, the area of strong and stronger levels UTFVI decreased by 149.641 km2 and 271.464 km2, respectively. The spatial correlation between the FVC and UTFVI changes is significant and negative, with p-values less than 0.01 and negative coefficients. The absolute value of the coefficient will decrease from 0.416 to 0.246 from 1990 to 2030, and the correlation between FVC and UTFVI changes shows a decreasing trend. The linear regression analysis demonstrates a significant negative correlation between the FVC and UTFVI, with coefficients ranging from −0.470 to −0.280 and p-values less than 0.001, further indicating that the FVC has a mitigating effect on the urban thermal environment. This study provides new insights into thermal environment governance and urban sustainable development.

China’s Pathway to a Low Carbon Economy: Exploring the Influence of Urbanization on Environmental Sustainability in the Digital Era

To protect the environment from any further damage, the implementation of the “smart cities” strategy supported by information and communication technologies (ICTs) is the need of the hour. Hence, this study estimates the impact of ICT and urbanization on environmental sustainability in China using the novel quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) method. The results of the QARDL model state the negative and significant impact of ICT on CO2 emissions in China for all quantiles, implying that an increase in ICT proved to be an important factor in improving environmental quality. In contrast, the estimated coefficients of urbanization are positively significant for all quantiles. This finding sustains the idea that large-scale urbanization is detrimental to the environment because the process of urbanization is among the leading sources of carbon emissions. In the short run, the negative impact of ICT on CO2 emissions can only be seen in higher quantiles, while the positive impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions is confirmed for all quantiles. Lastly, the asymmetric impact of ICT and urbanization is confirmed in the short and long run with the help of Wald tests. The ICT diffusion and smart urbanization approach can help in attaining environmental sustainability targets.

Dewey, Implementation, and Creating a Democratic Civic University

Dewey, Implementation, and Creating a Democratic Civic University

Bionomics of Anopheles culicifacies Sensu Lato in two Malaria Endemic Districts of Central Gujarat, India.

Gujarat State has been witnessing large scale urbanization, in last two decades, resulting changes in local environment and microclimate may have also influenced the resting, feeding habits and development of Anopheles culicifacies sensu 1ato. Therefore, a systematic longitudinal study was undertaken to know the bionomics of An. culicifacies s.l. in present study. The study was conducted in four sentinel villages in Kheda and Panchmahal Districts. The mosquitoes resting indoors and outdoors were collected in early morning hours, using mouth aspirator, pyrethrum space spray and light traps. Mosquito landing collections on human volunteers was carried out from dusk to dawn. Species composition, abundance, seasonal prevalence, resting behavior (Endophily and Exophily), sibling species composition, vector potential and insecticide susceptibility status of malaria vectors was studied. Six Anopheles species were collected, An. subpictus s.l. was the predominant species followed by An. culicifacies s.l., a known malaria vector was resting indoor and zoophagic behaviour. Anopheles culicifacies, sibling species B (89%) was found. The sporozoite rate (%) and entomological inoculation rate in Kheda was 2.33%, 3.09 per bite/person/annum and they were 1.05% and 0.475 bite/person/annum in Panchmahal, respectively. Anopheles culicifacies s.l. was found possible resistance to alpha-cypermethrin. Anopheles culicifacies s.l. showed endophillic, zoophagic behaviour and found possible resistance to alpha-cypermethrin. Early biting behaviour of An. culicifacies s.l. in this area is a cause of concern. Therefore, there is need for frequent monitoring and evaluation of vector control measures in order to achieve the elimination target of malaria in this area.

京津冀地区生态系统服务对城镇化的多空间尺度动态响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 京津冀地区生态系统服务对城镇化的多空间尺度动态响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202204181049 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然基金（72004014）；北京社科基金青年项目（19SRC011）；国家社科基金重大项目（22ZDA056） Dynamic responses of ecosystem services to urbanization at multi-spatial scales in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:大规模的城镇化导致了城市不断扩张，给生态系统造成了巨大的压力。以京津冀地区为例，分析了2000-2020年间京津冀地区城镇化与生态系统服务的变化以及二者间的关系，并探讨了这种关系在栅格尺度、县域尺度、市域尺度上的尺度效应以及变化规律。利用InVEST模型对所选取的4项生态系统服务指标进行量化，并运用皮尔逊相关性分析和地理加权回归来检验其与4项城镇化指标间的关系。研究结果表明（1）随着京津冀地区城镇化的发展除碳储量下降了0.8%外其余生态系统服务均有所提升，其中生境质量增加0.8%、水分产量增加了68%、土壤保持能力增长了35.7%而粮食产量增长近三倍。（2）生态系统服务与城镇化间存在显著相关性（P<0.01），且相关性在县域尺度上最为显著。其中产水量与4项城镇化指标均呈现正相关，粮食产量、碳储量、土壤保持量及生境质量均与4项城镇化指标均呈现负相关。（3）地理加权回归结果表明，城镇化指标与生态系统服务仅在县域尺度上拟合度较好且具有明显的聚集趋势，其中城市用地占比与碳储量、粮食产量全域拟合度最高分别为0.42与0.63。在针对生态系统服务的管理上不同区域需要制定不同的政策，同时需要对尺度进行适当的动态调整。文章明确了城镇化对生态系统服务的影响，并强调了城镇化及生态系统服务关系间的尺度效应，为京津冀地区生态系统管理提供了参考。 Abstract:With the rapid acceleration of China's urbanization process, cities across the country are in a rapid development. According to the data from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2021, China's population urbanization rate reached 64.72%. Large-scale urbanization has led to the expansion of cities, which has put enormous pressure on the ecosystems. The urbanization of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH) is the epitome and typical example of rapid urbanization development in China. In 2018, the urbanization rate of BTH has reached 65.8%. With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the natural ecosystem of the BTH has undergone a complex change, which posed a severe challenge to the sustainable development of the region. At the same time, the imbalance of regional development in the BTH is very serious. In this study, we analyzed the changes of urbanization and ecosystem services and the relationship between them in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during 2000-2020. We also explored the scale effects and change patterns of this relationship at the grid scale, county scale, and municipal scale. The four urbanization indicators are nighttime light, urban land proportion, population density and GDP density, while the five ecosystem services indicators are water yield, food provisioning, soil conservation, carbon storage and habitat quality. In this study, the InVEST model was used to quantify the selected ecosystem services indicators, and the results of the four urbanization indicators were obtained by combining statistical data. Based on this, Pearson correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression were applied to test the relationship between them. The results showed that (1) the ecosystem services increased with the urbanization in the BTH, except for carbon storage, which decreased by 0.8%, with habitat quality increased by 0.8%, water yield increased by 68%, soil conservation increased by 35.7%, and food provisioning increased by nearly three times. (2) There was a significant correlation between ecosystem services and urbanization (P< 0.01), and the correlation was the most significant at the county scale. Water yield was positively correlated with the four urbanization indicators, while food provisioning, carbon storage, soil conservation and habitat quality were all negatively correlated with the 4 urbanization indicators. There was also a significant correlation between ecosystem services. Carbon storage, soil conservation and habitat quality showed a trade-off on the three scales. At the same time, this correlation would increase with time. (3) The results of geographically weighted regression showed that the fitting degree of urbanization indicators and ecosystem services was high only on the county scale, and had a clearly spatial agglomeration characteristic. Among them, the fitting degree of urban land proportion, carbon storage and food provisioning was the highest, which were 0.42 and 0.63, respectively. It suggests that using the county scale as the study scale is to some extent a more accurate response to the impact of urbanization on ecosystem services. However, some ecosystem services were more correlated with urbanization indicators at the grid and municipal scales, so different policies needed to be developed for the management of ecosystem services in different regions, and the scales could be adjusted dynamically as appropriate. The article clarified the impact of urbanization on ecosystem services, and focused on the scale effects between urbanization and ecosystem services relationships, providing a reference for ecosystem management in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Analysis of the implementation of the National project “Housing and Urban Environment” of the Tobolsk city

With large-scale urbanization of natural-territorial complexes there are a number of ecological, social and economic problems associated with increasing the density of urban development, reducing the level of urban improvement, increasing air pollution, water basins and urban soils; flooding, waterlogging, etc.; dilapidated housing; accumulation of household waste; loss of vegetation cover and, ultimately, reduced comfort of the urban population. In this regard, the authors of the article propose methods of developing tools for the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development of the city of Tobolsk with its approbation in a number directions, factors and indicators.

Demographic dynamics and characteristics of urbanization in Albania in the third decade of transition: the determining steps in shaping the demographic-territorial model of transition

The third phase of urbanization of Albania in transition was shaped by: (i) external migration; (ii) decline in natural population growth; and (iii) internal migration. In the period 2014-2022, 178,094 more inhabitants left Albania than returned. This number has increased a lot in the last two years, which also shows the future trend of the phenomenon. Another contributor to this basic national phenomenon remains the level of natural population growth. During the years 2014-2022, Albania: (i) grew by 42,054 new inhabitants, as a result of natural growth (birth-death difference); and, this growth has generally come in a downward trend, where it is worth differentiating the year 2021 where the natural growth is negative. The phenomenon of population aging accompanied this transition decade. Internal migration led to large-scale urbanization of some areas and drastic depopulation of others. The internal migration scheme contributed to the further deepening of the demographic difference between the three main regions of the country: Greater Region Tirana-Durres; The Middle Region Fier-Vlora and the Abandoned Region that includes the other eight districts of the country. Internal migratory movements are also clearly visible at the inter-county level. For the period 2014-2016, the districts of Tirana, Fier, Durrës and Vlora experienced growth and hold the main weight of the total population, which is expressed by about 58%. Internal demographic movements continued to contribute to the deepening of demographic differences between the three regions of the country, even in the 2017-2019 period. Large districts will continue to remain so and grow further, while small districts will continue to shrink. Even in the following three years, 2020-2022, internal demographic movements continued to contribute to the deepening of demographic differences between the three regions of the country. These demographic dynamics established the demographic-territorial model of the country and the dominance of the District of Tirana over the other 11 districts of the country.