Large Round Research Articles

First Report of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, Infecting Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, in State of São Paulo, Brazil.

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) belongs to the Polygonaceae family and has been widely cultivated due to its high nutritional, nutraceutical, and medicinal properties. Brazil ranks seventh-largest producer, with 66,000 tons produced in 2018. Buckwheat is also valued for its adaptability as a cover crop, in grain fields of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., maize (Zea mays L.), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) (Görgen et al. 2016, Babu et al. 2018) especially in fields highly infested with plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). PPN cause severe root damage, suppressing plant development and yield production. In October 2018, six samples of roots and soil were collected in symptomatic patches of buckwheat, in Guaíra SP (20° 19' 32"S 48° 13' 15.4"W). Samples were analyzed in the Nematology Laboratory (LabNema), UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, BR. Plants presented symptoms of yellow leaves and galled and volume-reduced roots. Meloidogyne sp. was found, comprising 6,320 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2s) from 10 g of root and 1,628 J2s in 100 cm³ of soil. Adult morphological characteristics, isoenzyme phenotype of esterase, and molecular analysis were performed to identify the Meloidogyne species. The perineal patterns presented high and trapezoidal dorsal arch (n=15), and the males showed a trapezoidal labial region, including a high head cap formed by a large round labial disc that is raised above the medial lips and centrally concave (n=15) (Eisenback and Hirscmann 1981). These characteristics are typical in Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1912) Chitwood, 1949 (Nascimento et al., 2020; Eisenback and Hirschmann 1981; Netscher and Taylor 1974). The enzymatic phenotype was performed with females (n=8), and the phenotype I1 was verified, described by Esbenshade and Triantaphyllou (1985) as typical for M. incognita. To confirm the species DNA samples were extracted from individual females (n=6) and PCR with specific primers for M. incognita (Mi-F 5'- GTGAGGATTCAGCTCCCCAG-3' and Mi-R 5'-ACGAGGAA CATACTTCTCCGTCC-3') and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood 1949 (Fjav 5'-GGTGCGCGATTGAACTGAGC-3' and Rjav 5'-CAG GCCCTTCAGTGGAACTATAC-3') that amplify SCAR markers described by Meng et al. (2004) and Zijlstra et al. (2000), respectively, and specific primers for M. enterolobii Yang & Eisenback 1983 that amplify rDNA-IGS2 region (Me-F 5'-AACTTTTG TGAAAGTGCCGCTG-3' and Me-R 5'-TCAGTTCAGGCAGG ATCAACC-3') described by Long et al. (2006) were tested. A fragment of 955 pb DNA size was amplified in Mi-F/R primer, which confirmed the M. incognita identification (Meng et. al., 2004). The original population was used to execute pathogenicity test. In a greenhouse, single buckwheat seeds (cv. IPR 91 Baili) were sown in six 5L pots filled with autoclaved-soil and inoculated with 3,000 eggs and J2s per pot (n=6) and control (n=6). After 60 days, the nematodes were extracted from roots and the M. incognita was confirmed. An average of 15,738 eggs and J2s were recovered, (reproductive factor = 5.24), which confirmed buckwheat as a host to M. incognita. The inoculated plants showed symptoms as those observed in the field. No symptom or nematode was noted on the control. Meloidogyne incognita has been reported causing high damage to the F. esculentum in California (Gardner and Caswell-Chen 1994) plus several crops in Brazil (Nascimento et al., 2020). However, this is the first report of this nematode infecting buckwheat in Brazil. Given the importance of buckwheat in Brazil, with extensive use as forage, cover crop, and its nutritional properties, this report is essential to specific management measures are adopted to avoid further losses.

An Intriguing Case of Chronic Peristomal Ulcer.

An Intriguing Case of Chronic Peristomal Ulcer.

Method for trace determination of N-nitrosamines impurities in metronidazole benzoate using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Genotoxic impurity control has been a great concern in the pharmaceutical industry since the recall of the large round of sartans worldwide in 2018. In these sartans, N-nitrosamines were the main contaminants in active pharmaceutical ingredients and formulations. Numerous analytical methods have been developed to detect N-nitrosamines in food, drugs, and environmental samples. In this study, a sensitive method is developed for the trace determination of N-nitrosamine impurities in metronidazole benzoate pharmaceuticals using high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was validated regarding system suitability, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, solution stability, and robustness. The method showed good linearity with R2 ≥ 0.999 and FMandel <Ftab(95%) ranging from 0.33 to 8.00ng/ml. The low limits of detection of N-nitrosamines were in the range of 0.22-0.80ng/ml (0.0014-0.0050ppm). The low limits of quantification were in the range of 0.33-1.20ng/ml (0.0021-0.0075ppm), which were lower than the acceptable limits in metronidazole benzoate pharmaceuticals and indicated the high sensitivity of the method. The recoveries of N-nitrosamines ranged from 84% to 97%. Thus, this method exhibits good selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Moreover, it is a simple, convenient, and scientific strategy for detecting N-nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceuticals to support the development of the pharmaceutical industry.

Socio-Cultural Aspects of the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Tolotang Traditional Chairman (UWA) in Sidrap District

Diabetes Mellitus cases are high in South Sulawesi, especially in Sidrap Regency, reaching (2.7%) while the national prevalence rate is (2.1%). The Tolotang culture respects traditional leaders by serving sweet foods, so there is a risk of Diabetes Mellitus. This study was to identify socio-cultural and dietary patterns to the risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Tolotang traditional leaders. This type of research is a mixed method. Informants in this study were traditional leaders and the Tolotang community in Sidrap Regency. Sampling was done by snowball sampling method. The results obtained are related to socio-culture; people often serve heavy foods high in calories and carbohydrates accompanied by snacks such as cakes and sweet drinks. The presentation of food for traditional leaders when tradition is done and specially prepared on a tray (large round tray made of iron) containing rice and side dishes, then using the board (a typical Bugis Makassar container used to serve cakes) filled with various types of cake snacks. It is different from people who do as usual by taking their food, which has been prepared during the ritual. The results showed that (60.0%) of traditional leaders had diabetes based on their current blood sugar levels. The traditional leader's calorie consumption (35.0%) is more, and (50.0%) is sufficient. Carbohydrate consumption (35.0%) is more, and (55.0%) is adequate. It was concluded that the traditional leader's diet was, on average, high in calories which contained many sources of carbohydrates and fats. It is suggested that there is a need for education to educate the public to serve healthier foods that are low in calories and fibre, such as vegetables and fruits

Abstract 14050: A Giant Free-Floating Ball Thrombus or a Tiny Fibroelastoma: Which Causes Multiple Strokes?

Background: Left atrial (LA) thrombus is not rare in patients with mitral valve stenosis, but in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation, the formation of a "ball thrombus" in the LA is uncommon. Case: A 73-year-old man with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on eliquis presented with frequent syncope and slurred speech. .The appearance of the infarcts on brain MRI and involvement of different vascular territories suggests embolic phenomena as the cause. On transthoracic echo a large, highly mobile echo density in the left atrium was noted. Transesophageal echo revealed smoke in the left atrium and the left atrial appendage. A large round mobile echo density mass measuring 4.7 cm X 3.6 cm was seen in left atrium with no attachment to left atrium. A mobile round density measuring 0.7x0.7 cm was seen on the right coronary cusp. Absence of perfusion, no enhancement, and high signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images on cardiac MRI was suggestive organized clot in left atrium. Decision-making: Both masses were removed successfully. Pathology confirmed a large intact spherical organized clot from the LA and a small fibroelastoma attached to the aortic leaflet. Conclusion: This was a rare case of giant round-shaped left atrium thrombus, which occurred in a patient with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation. An aortic fibroelastoma was also discovered by transesophegeal echo as another potential cause of stroke. The left atrial thrombus is thought to have developed from a small mural thrombus caused by prolonged blood stagnation, which gets rounded by the sculpting impact of multiple complex encounters with the atrial wall. This may then detach from the LAA and form a floating "ball thrombus.

Six new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Llanganates National Park and Sangay National Park in Amazonian cloud forests of Ecuador.

We describe six new species of rainfrogs of the genus Pristimantis (Strabomantidae) from Amazonian cloud forests in Ecuador. We also present a phylogeny showing the relationships of the new species. The phylogeny is based on mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA (16S), 12 rRNA (12S), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1) and the nuclear gene recombination-activating 1 (RAG1). We also describe the osteology of two of the new species using high-resolution x-ray computed tomography. The new species belong to two clades. The first clade is sister to the subgenus Huicundomantis and includes P. tamia sp. nov., P. miktos, and P. mallii. Pristimantis tamia sp. nov. is morphologically similar to P. miktos, P. mallii, P. martiae, and P. incomptus, but differs from them by lacking vocal slits and tympanic membrane and by having light greenish blue iris. Based in our results we expand the subgenus Huicundomantis to include the P. miktos species group. The second clade is remarkable by being highly divergent and consisting exclusively of new species: P. anaiae sp. nov., P. glendae sp. nov., P. kunam sp. nov., P. resistencia sp. nov., and P. venegasi sp. nov. The new species resemble P. roni, P. yanezi, P. llanganati, P. katoptroides, P. verecundus, and P. mutabilis but can be distinguished from them by lacking vocal slits and tympanic membrane and by having large dark round areas with thin clear borders in the sacral region. All six new species occur in the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes and are known from a single locality in Llanganates or Sangay National Park. We recommend assigning all of them to the Data Deficient (DD) Red List category. Based in our high-resolution x-ray tomographies, we report the presence of structures that appear to be intercalary elements. This would be the first report of such structures in Terrarana.

Pika: Secure Computation using Function Secret Sharing over Rings

Machine learning algorithms crucially depend on non-linear mathematical functions such as division (for normalization), exponentiation (for softmax and sigmoid), tanh (as an activation function), logarithm (for crossentropy loss), and square root (for back-propagation of normalization layers). However, when machine learning is performed over secure computation, these protocols incur a large communication overhead and high round complexity. In this work, we propose new multi-party computation (MPC) protocols for such functions. Our protocols achieve constant round complexity (3 for semi-honest, 4 for malicious), an order of magnitude lower communication (54 − 121× lower than prior art), and high concrete efficiency (2−1163× faster runtime). We rely on recent advances in function secret sharing (FSS) to construct these protocols. Our contributions can be summarized as follows: (1) A constant round protocol to securely evaluate nonlinear functions such as division, exponentiation, logarithm, and tanh (in comparison to prior art which uses round complexity proportional to the rounds of iterative methods/required precision) with high accuracy. This construction largely follows prior work in look-up style secure computation. (2) Our main contribution is the extension of the above protocol to be secure in the presence of malicious adversaries in the honest majority setting. We provide a malicious sketching protocol for FSS schemes that works over rings and in order to prove its security, we extend (and prove) a corresponding form of SchwartzZippel lemma over rings. This is the first such extension of the lemma and it can be of independent interest in other domains of secure computation. (3) We implement our protocol and showcase order of magnitude improvements in runtime and communication. Given the low round complexity and substantially lower communication, our protocols achieve even better performance over network constrained environments such as WAN. Finally, we showcase how such functions can lead to scalability in machine learning. Note that techniques presented are applicable beyond the application of machine learning as the protocols effectively present an efficient 1-out-of-N oblivious transfer or an efficient private information retrieval protocol.

“Greasy Thumb”—The Man Who Made the Chicago Mob

“Greasy Thumb”—The Man Who Made the Chicago Mob

Walnut Oil Oleogels as Milk Fat Replacing System for Commercially Available Chocolate Butter.

A breakfast spread named chocolate butter exists on the market. For economic and technological reasons, cream in the original recipe is replaced with vegetable oils such as palm oil or by partially hydrogenated sunflower oil. The study aims to reformulate chocolate flavor butter, using cold pressed walnut oil (WO) oleogels (OGs) structured with 10% waxes and monoglyceride (MG), as a milk fat replacing system. The rheological, textural and microscopic characteristics of the oleogels and the spreads were compared. Oil binding capacity (OBC) and colorimetry were also assessed. Fourier transform infrared studies were used to monitor the composition of the samples. Oleogels and oleogel based chocolate butter behaved like strong gels (G’ > G”). The use of candelilla wax (CW) led to the formation of a much firmer spread (S-CW), with a hardness of 3521 g and G’LVR of 139,920 Pa, while the monoglyceride-based spread (S-MG) registered a hardness of 1136 g and G’LVR 89,952 Pa. In the spreadability test, S-CW registered a hardness of 3376 g and hardness work of 113 mJ, comparable to the commercially available chocolate butter. The formulated spreads exhibited shear thinning effects, and increased viscosity with decreasing temperature. A large round peak at 3340 cm−1 was present in the spectra of the candelilla wax-based oleogel (OG-CW) and the reference spreads due to hydrogen bonding, but was absent in S-CW or S-MG. The FTIR spectra of the alternative spreads exhibited the same peaks as the WO and the oleogels, but with differences in the intensities. S-CW exhibited a dense crystal network, with spherulitic crystals of 0.66–1.73 µm, which were statistically similar to those of the reference made from cream (S-cream). S-MG exhibited the lowest stability upon centrifugation, with an OBC of 99.76%. Overall, both oleogel-based chocolate spreads can mimic the properties of the commercially existing chocolate butter references.

P311 First reported case of Cladosporium liver abscess in immunocompromised host

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PMBackground: Cladosporium species are ubiquitous, saprobic, dematiaceous fungi that are infrequently associated with human opportunistic infections. They are usually associated with allergic rhinitis, asthma, localized superficial, and deep cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, but rarely cause disseminated infection, known as phaeohyphomycoses.Case Description: We report a case of Cladosporium liver abscess in an immunocompromised host. A 39-year-old male with a history of multiple sexual partners was newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus and was antiretroviral therapy naïve. He presented with epigastric and right hypochondriac pain, associated with abdominal distension for 3 months. On examination, he was jaundiced with hepatomegaly. Full blood count showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia (TWC 14.3 × 109/l with ANC 11.2 × 109/l). The liver function test shows hyperbilirubinemia with obstructive features. (Total bilirubin 101.9 μmol/l, direct bilirubin 78.8 μmol/l, ALT 87 U/l, AST 168 U/l, ALP 383 U/l, INR: 1.37). Baseline CD4 was 41 cells/ul, and HIV viral load was >10 000 000 copies/mL.CECT 4-phase liver shows enlarged liver with smooth lobulated margin, measured 22.5 cm. Multiple large round hypodense masses of varying sizes were seen scattered in both liver lobes. The largest mass is in segment VII measuring 5.8 × 7.7 × 8.8 cm. Liver biopsy showed evidence of diffuse large B cell lymphoma while tissue fungal culture grew Cladosporium sp. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed a low MIC range for posaconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole while terbinafine was not tested. Patient received tablet voriconazole 200 mg BD for 3 months. He was also initiated on chemotherapy antiretroviral therapy at the same time with the regime of T. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine 1 tablet once daily and tablet dolutegravir 50 mg once daily. A repeated PET-CT done 3 months later during chemotherapy shows residual hypodense liver lesions.Discussion: A wide range of fungi can be found on various human mucosal surfaces, such as lungs, vaginal tract, urinary tract, oral cavity, intestines, and skin. The community of commensal fungi interacts with commensal bacteria and the host. Changes in the commensal fungi have a significant impact on host health and are associated with pathological conditions. Cladosporium was reported as one of the commensal fungi. Reports of invasive Cladosporium infection are extremely rare with variable presentation. There were previous case reports of Cladosporium infection of the central nervous system, lung, and skin but no liver abscess has been reported yet. Fungal hepatic abscesses are not uncommon among immunocompromised hematological malignancy patients, especially those with leukemia and prolonged neutropenia. Azoles, particularly itraconazole, and posaconazole have good activity against Cladosporium species, although voriconazole displayed variable activity. This is consistent with our case whereby itraconazole and posaconazole demonstrate the lowest MIC as compared to voriconazole. However, voriconazole was chosen instead of itraconazole for coverage against the possibility of Aspergillus appearing later. In our case, the patient showed a good response to voriconazole.ConclusionThe choice of antifungal will depend on susceptibility testing, organ involvement, tissue bioavailability, drug-drug interaction, and patients’ clinical risk factors; whereas the duration of treatment is guided by radiological resolution and control of risk factors.

What is your diagnosis? Ovarian mass in a mare.

What is your diagnosis? Ovarian mass in a mare.

Primary Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Rare Case Report.

Most pancreatic carcinoma is ductal adenocarcinoma. Primary pancreatic clear cell carcinomas composed almost entirely of clear tumor cells are very rare. We present a case of a 72-year-old man with a pancreatic mass, which was detected on abdominal computed tomography (CT). He had no symptoms and no abnormal findings on physical examination; however, he had a history of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatocellular carcinoma. He had received anti-viral treatment and radiofrequency ablation twice until 2 years prior. One year prior, follow-up contrast-enhanced abdominal CT revealed a newly developed pancreatic mass. Laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreato-splenectomy was performed. An ill-defined white-to-tan firm solid mass was observed in the pancreas, approximately 4.3 cm in diameter. The tumor cells showed >95% clear cell features, with a large round to oval nuclei and abundant clear cytoplasms, and well-defined cell membranes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, HNF-1β, MUC-1, and p53. We excluded the possibility of metastatic clear renal cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, malignant melanoma, and sarcoma because of the negativity for vimentin, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and HMB45. Consequently, he was diagnosed as having primary clear cell carcinoma of the pancreas and was treated with postoperative radiotherapy. Two months later, abdominal CT was suspicious for local recurrence at the resection margin. Additional adjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy was carried out 12 times. The patient is still alive after his third radiofrequency ablation for the newly-developed hepatic mass. Immunohistochemical staining for MUC-1 and HNF-1β, as well as histologic feature is very helpful for the diagnosis of primary pancreatic clear cell carcinoma with imaging methods for metastasis exclusion.

Effect of steel strip feeding on the columnar-equiaxed solidification in a large continuous casting round bloom

The steel strip feeding process can effectively improve the macrosegregation, central porosity, shrinkage, cracking, and other defects of continuous casting (CC) round blooms. Based on the volume-averaged method, a three-phase mix columnar-equiaxed solidification model is established, which considers the nucleation, growth of the columnar and equiaxed crystals, deposition of equiaxed crystals, and transmission of solutes. The effect of the feeding strip on the temperature, velocity, phase distribution, and macrosegregation distribution in a large vertical CC round bloom was studied. The results show that the CC bloom shell is built by columnar crystals, and equiaxed crystals fabricate the central zone. The feeding of the steel strip enhanced the flow inside the liquid core, which changed the flow direction of the center and end of the liquid core. The liquid phase and the temperature field display a similar distribution, and the liquid core and V-shaped high-temperature zone will gradually shorten with the increasing feeding ratio. A highly consistent distribution of the phase and the macrosegregation was found, and the increase in feeding ratio promotes columnar-to-equiaxed transformation (CET) and improves macrosegregation. Compared with no feeding strip, the extreme values of the macrosegregation index of 1.0% feeding ratio decreased by 37.1%, and the CET point at the sectional radius increased by 17.39%.

Fetal Disseminated Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor.

Fetal Disseminated Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor.

Pathologic findings of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma coexisting with cutaneous cryptococcosis in a Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata)

A 2-year-old Asian Houbara bustard was presented with a solitary well-defined, firm cutaneous mass on the hock region. Grossly, the mass protruded from the surface was located on the hairless and unpigmented areas of the right hock joint with ulceration and dried hemorrhagic foci. On microscopic examination, ulceration, hemorrhage, as well as hyperkeratosis were observed. Large round, oval to polygonal neoplastic cells extended into the dermis were arranged to form cords, trabeculae, islands or glandular-like structures without keratin pearls. These pseudoglandular structures were composed of pseudolumina containing acantholytic and detached tumor cells. Necrosis of the neoplastic cells was accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells particularly heterophils. Unlike pleomorphic tumor cells, mitosis count was almost frequent. No evidence of other abnormalities and tumor metastasis was found. These gross and microscopic features appeared to be suggestive of a rare histologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), acantholytic SCC.

In vivo evaluation of facial papule dermatoses with reflectance confocal microscopy in children.

Molluscum contagiosum (MC), milia, keratosis pilaris (KP), verruca plana (VP), seborrheic keratosis (SK), and juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) are common papule dermatoses on the face of children that have a similar appearance. In vivo evaluation of facial papule dermatoses with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is helpful in the diagnosis of these ambiguous lesions in children. The purpose of this study was to clarify the RCM characteristics of MC, milia, KP, VP, SK, and JXG and explore the clinical application value of RCM for these common facial papule dermatoses. We recruited 113 patients referred for unequivocal facial papule dermatosis, including 21 patients with MC, 17 patients with milia, 19 patients with KP, 36 patients with VP, 8 patients with SK, and 12 patients with JXG. We evaluated the characteristics and distinguishing features of the six kinds of facial papule dermatoses using RCM. The main RCM features of the six dermatoses included a well-demarcated border of the lesion area. MC, milia and KP all manifested cyst-like structures, and their distinguishing features were the location of the cystic structures and the refractive index of the contents. Although VP, SK, and JXG did not have obvious cystoid structures, VP was typically characterized by uniformly distributed petal-like structures with a medium-to-high refractive index in the epidermis. With regard to SK, the characteristic features were an obviously thickened epidermis and cobblestone-like structures. JXG was mainly characterized by multiple large round and ovoid cells with a foamy cytoplasm, and discoid-shaped multinucleated large cells were diffusely distributed in the dermis. RCM allows the real-time visualization of major key diagnostic and distinguishing features of common facial papule dermatoses in children, including MC, milia, KP, VP, SK, and JXG.

Study on Error Separation of Three-Probe Method

With the advantage of in situ measurement, the three-probe method is commonly used to measure either the error motion of high-precision spindles or the roundness error of artifacts. The roundness error of artifacts or spindle errors can be obtained through solving error-separation equations. Both the time- and frequency-domain solutions of the three-probe method are presented. In addition, the key points of solutions, i.e., the rounding error induced by inconsistency of sampling points, harmonic suppression, and averaging schemes of multiple revolutions into one circle, are described in detail. Experiments were conducted to compare the two solutions and quantify the influence of setup parameters, including rotational speed probe arrangement, consistency of sampling points, and number of revolutions. The results showed that the roundness error of the time-domain solution was inaccurate due to large rounding errors, while that of the frequency-domain solution with the previous average scheme was accurate. In contrast, the spindle error of the frequency-domain solution with the latter average scheme was more reliable. The findings provided a reference to recommend setup parameters depending on the aim of the three-probe method.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN SEBELUM DAN SETELAH PANDEMI COVID-19 (STUDI KASUS DI PRODUSEN WINGKO BABAT PADANGSARI)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wingko Babat is a kind of cake made from young coconut, glutinous rice flour and sugar. Wingko is very famous on the north coast of the island of Java. This cake is often sold at train stations, bus stations or also in cake shops for family gifts. Wingko is usually round and usually served warm and cut into small pieces. Wingko can be sold in the form of large rounds or also in the form of small cakes wrapped in paper. The combination of sugar and coconut makes this cake delicious. Wingko has an important role for the economic growth of this region. Currently wingko is a popular food in Babat and Semarang with different brands and sizes being sold. Marketing strategy is one way to increase sales volume through a series of continuous ways. The research was conducted by the manufacturer of wingko tripe Padangsari Banyumanik, Semarang. Methods of data collection is done by interview and observation. The results of the research show that the marketing strategy carried out by the Padangsari wingko babat producer is to sell to other sellers through resellers and reduce the selling price to the reseller, and change the wingko babat icon from a train to a night bus which has the characteristics of other wingko icons.. Through the 4P marketing strategy, namely price, product, promotion, and place. Through the 4P marketing strategy, it is hoped that sales from Wingko Babat will increase more than before the Covid-19 pandemic&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the duodenum: a case report

BackgroundAngiosarcomas are rare malignant tumors that arise from the endothelium of blood vessels. They occur most commonly in the skin and soft tissue, and less commonly in the breast, liver, bone, and spleen. Gastrointestinal angiosarcomas are extremely rare. Herein, we present a case of duodenal epithelioid angiosarcoma that was treated with surgical resection.Case presentationA 68-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of fatigue and hypotension. He visited the outpatient clinic for a routine follow-up. Laboratory examination revealed anemia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed multiple duodenal lesions with central ulceration. A biopsy showed a sheet-like arrangement of large round and spindle-shaped tumor cells that were positive for CD31. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical staining findings, an epithelioid angiosarcoma was diagnosed. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography–CT revealed no lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis. Radical subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. After removing the specimen, reconstruction was performed using the Child procedure. Grossly, two dark-red polypoid tumors were found in the second portion of the duodenum. Histological evaluation revealed proliferation of malignant round and polygonal cells arranged in sheets and spindle-like cells arranged in bundles. Vasoformative structures were recognized as slit-like spaces containing red blood cells. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for CD31. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma in the duodenum. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 19 without any complications. At a follow-up examination in the outpatient clinic at postoperative 4 months, no evidence of recurrence was detected.ConclusionThe present report describes a case of duodenal epithelioid angiosarcoma. Duodenal angiosarcomas may cause anemia and gastrointestinal bleeding. Because angiosarcomas sometimes show epithelioid cytomorphology, immunohistochemical analysis is useful for confirming the diagnosis.

A systematic analysis of biotech startups that went public in the first half of 2021

Biotechnologies are being commercialized at historic rates. In 2020, 74 biotech startups went public through an initial public offering (IPO) and 60 went through the IPO process in the first six months of 2021. However, the traits associated with biotech startups obtaining recent IPOs have not been reported. In this study, we built a database of biotechs that underwent an IPO in the first half of 2021. After analyzing the leadership, technological focus, clinical trials, and financing of these biotech startups, we found that advanced degrees in leadership, clinical trials, and intellectual property were important factors for biotech startups. The data also suggested that large private rounds could decrease the time-to-IPO and affect post-IPO stock performance. In particular, these traits were often exhibited by the 108 biotech IPOs in 2018–2019, thereby suggesting that the data obtained for 2021 were not necessarily driven by COVID-19.