The validity of Grimmia cinclidodontea C. MiiUll. (heretofore presumed to be synonymous with G. alpicola) as a distinct species is demonstrated, and notable range extensions for G. agassizii, G. incurva, G. olympica, and G. plagiopoda are reported. The Mexican G. tolucensis Card. is referred to the synonymy of G. incurva. Recent collections of five species of Grimmia may be deserving of record either as notable extensions of their known geographic ranges or, in the instance of G. cinclidodontea, as representing a strikingly distinct species that has long been erroneously buried in synonymy. On July 15, 1963 an unusually robust Grimmia of the subgenus Schistidium, occurring as a single large rosette (the dichotomously branching, recumbent stems mostly 5-7 cm long) was noted in a soil pocket in a large boulder in open terrain of the Starkey Experimental Forest along Meadow Creek, at an elevation of about 5000 ft., Blue Mountains, approximately 9 miles south of Hilgard, Union County, Oregon (Hermann 18843. us, DUKE, NY, CAN, WTU, UBC, COLO, S-PA, 1 Smithsonian Institution, U.S. National Museum, Washington 25, D.C. 2 U.S. Forest Service Herbarium, Washington 25, D.C. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.212 on Thu, 09 Jun 2016 06:53:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1964] ROBINSON AND HERMAN: GRIMMIAS 171 BM, C, G, PC, W, MICH; HERB. F. J. HERM.). Later study showed that the plant, which would key out to G. agassizii in Jones (1933) treatment in Grout's Moss Flora of North America, was not referrable to any of the currently accepted North American species of the genus, nor were attempts to identify it with possibly introduced European or Asiatic species fruitful. It was clearly most nearly related to G. maritima Turn. and to G. agassizii (Sull. & Lesq.) Lesq. & James, from both of which it differed in having profusely branched stems, both stems (mostly 5-7 rather than 0.4-3 cm long) and leaves (3.5-6 instead of 1.5-3 mm long, and 0.75-1.5 mm wide) twice as large and bistratose throughout most of their length instead of merely toward the apex, clustered capsules, a shorter seta (0.3-0.4 instead of 0.5-1 mm long), and piano-convex to broadly elliptical, instead of spherical, spores only 8-10/t in diameter rather than 15-25/. From G. agassizii it is also readily set off by its rigid, lance-attenuate leaves in which the much stouter costa completely fills the apex. From the maritime G. maritima it is further distinguished by its lack of a central strand, its rather straight, neither falcate nor contorted, leaves with apices more often curved outward than inward (never spiny-denticulate as they are so commonly in G. maritima) and a much stouter costa (180k wide at the base rather than 72/), its only minutely papillose rather than papillose-warty peristome teeth, and its smooth spores. An examination of the original descriptions of the taxa listed as synonyms under G. maritima and G. agassizii in Jones (1933) revealed that none weire applicable to the Oregon plant, nor were any of those under G. alpicola Hedw. with the exception of G. cinclidodontea C. Miull., which is based on a collection of Julius Rill's from a nearby locality in Washington. The original description of this species (Roll 1890) is as follows: Grimmia (Platystoma) cinclidodontea C. Miill. spec. n.; monoica, flore masculo in ramulo proprio terminali; caulis fasciculatim divisus; folia caulina horride patula laxe disposita, madore stricta longiuscula angustiuscula, e basi oblongata, sensim attenuata acuminate obtusiuscula integerrima, margine erecta, curviuscula, nervo crasso apicem folii totum occupante percursa, aequaliter concava; perichaetiali majora; omnia e cellulis minutis rotundis firmis membranam glabram nitidulam obscuroviridem sistentibus areolata; thecae breviter pedicellatae immersae majusculae hemisphaericae macrostomae exannulatae saepius aggregatae, operculis e basi planiuscula oblique rostellatis; peristomii dentes majusculi late lanceolati planis finis intense rubri latiuscule trabeculati apice perforati et irregulariter fissi. Patria. Washington: Ellensburgh, ad rupes irroratas prope Thorp, 1. Junius 1888 c. fr. maturis. A Grimmia apocarpa foliis longis inermibus atque habitu cinclidodontes raptim distinguitur. The following description drawn up from the recent Oregon collection will show the close similarity to Miiller's description of G. cinclidodontea (particularly in the branched stems; gradually attenuate, acuminate leaves with the stout costa filling the apex; and generally clustered capsules with fenestrate peristome teeth), and examination of type material of G. cinclidodontea, kindly lent from the ConThis content downloaded from 157.55.39.212 on Thu, 09 Jun 2016 06:53:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 172 THE BRYOLOGIST [Volume 67