Large Temperature Range Research Articles

A phenomenological model for plastic flow behavior of rotating band material with a large temperature range

The plastic flow behavior of the rotating band material is investigated in this paper. The rotating band material is processed from H96 brass alloy, which is hardened to a much higher yield strength compared to the annealed one. The dynamically uniaxial compression behavior of the material is tested using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with temperature and strain rate ranging from 297 to 1073 K and 500 to 3000 s−1, respectively, and a phenomenological plastic flow stress model is developed to describe the mechanical behavior of the material. The material is found to present noticeable temperature sensitivity and weak strain-rate sensitivity. The construction of the plastic flow stress model has two steps. Firstly, three univariate stress functions, taking plastic strain, plastic strain rate and temperature as independent variable, respectively, are proposed by fixing the other two variables. Then, as the three univariate functions describe the special cases of flow stress behavior under various conditions, the principle of stress compatibility is adopted to obtain the complete flow stress function. The numerical results show that the proposed plastic flow stress model is more suitable for the rotating band material than the existing well-known models.

Zeta-Payne: A Fully Automated Spectrum Analysis Algorithm for the Milky Way Mapper Program of the SDSS-V Survey

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has recently initiated its fifth survey generation (SDSS-V), with a central focus on stellar spectroscopy. In particular, SDSS-V's Milky Way Mapper program will deliver multiepoch optical and near-infrared spectra for more than 5 × 106 stars across the entire sky, covering a large range in stellar mass, surface temperature, evolutionary stage, and age. About 10% of those spectra will be of hot stars of OBAF spectral types, for whose analysis no established survey pipelines exist. Here we present the spectral analysis algorithm, ZETA-PAYNE, developed specifically to obtain stellar labels from SDSS-V spectra of stars with these spectral types and drawing on machine-learning tools. We provide details of the algorithm training, its test on artificial spectra, and its validation on two control samples of real stars. Analysis with ZETA-PAYNE leads to only modest internal uncertainties in the near-IR with APOGEE (optical with BOSS): 3%–10% (1%–2%) for T eff, 5%–30% (5%–25%) for , 1.7–6.3 km s−1 (0.7–2.2 km s−1) for radial velocity, <0.1 dex (<0.05 dex) for , and 0.4–0.5 dex (0.1 dex) for [M/H] of the star, respectively. We find a good agreement between atmospheric parameters of OBAF-type stars when inferred from their high- and low-resolution optical spectra. For most stellar labels, the APOGEE spectra are (far) less informative than the BOSS spectra of these stars, while , , and [M/H] are in most cases too uncertain for meaningful astrophysical interpretation. This makes BOSS low-resolution optical spectra better for stellar labels of OBAF-type stars, unless the latter are subject to high levels of extinction.

Tuning of high-temperature dielectric properties in the system (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–BaTiO3–CaZrO3

Solid solutions of the (1-x)(0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3)-xCaZrO3 system are regarded as promising dielectrics for high-temperature capacitors as they exhibit a remarkable flat trend of the permittivity over a large temperature range coupled with comparable low dielectric losses. In this work, the composition 0.8(0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3)-0.2CaZrO3 was chosen in an attempt to optimize especially the high-temperature dielectric properties above 200 °C. In particular, the influence of excess bismuth to account for element losses caused by evaporation, and the effect of manganese as acceptor dopant are reported. Conventional solid-state reaction route was used to synthesize selected compositions. X-ray diffraction was used to confirm a pseudo-cubic perovskite main phase in all examined compositions, although small traces of a zirconia secondary phase were also detected. All samples exhibit an expected flat trend of the relative permittivity with a maximum deviation of the permittivity lower than 15% between −80 °C and 300 °C. The unmodified base composition shows small dielectric loss (<2%) between −55 °C and 265 °C. By using small quantities of manganese doping, the small-loss temperature range was extended (−70 °C and 300 °C). Excess bismuth also affects the temperature-dependent dielectric losses, resulting in a narrowed temperature range, eventually limiting the application possibilities.

Planar antenna sensor with thermal stability for detection of ice formation

The microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with frequency stability versus temperature is proposed as the ice sensor for de-icing of aerodynamic systems. The operation principle is based on the fact that the formation of ice layer is set to disturb the near fields, thus shifting the resonant frequency. To mitigate the uncertain temperature effect, a thermal stability (TS) strategy is implemented, making the sensor only susceptible to the ice loading effect and enabling stable performance within a large temperature range from − 40∘C to + 80∘C. The proposed ice sensor is in turn interrogated wirelessly by a transmitting (Tx) antenna. Due to the frequency shift, the received signal strength (RSS) is modulated as a function of ice-thickness, allowing for remote ice detection and quantification. Two common types of ices, namely rime and clear ices, are investigated. The ice samples were generated and characterized under different weather conditions in our cold chamber and wind tunnel at Anti-icing Materials International Laboratory (AMIL) with the University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC). Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach for different real-world scenarios. In particular, the sensor demonstrates the best measurement capability in the case of clear ice with full coverage, achieving the sensitivity of 75 mV/mm.

Evidence for Ionic Diffusion in Dynamic Light Scattering from Glass-forming Sodium Borate Melts

Photon correlation spectroscopy conducted on glass-forming sodium borate melts provides a measure of the dynamic structure factor of these network-forming liquids over a broad time window and large temperature range. The dynamics are complex and include a non-Arrhenius temperature dependence and a non-exponential response to perturbations both of which are observed in the present measurements and both of which evolve with changes in the density of covalent bonds. An unexpected feature is the occurrence of a second, much slower relaxation process that develops only in the sodium-modified borates with up to 10 mol% sodium oxide. This second process appears to be caused by the diffusion of sodium ions as they undergo random ion hopping between charge-compensating sites in the network on a timescale equal to that of the viscous relaxation.

Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Biocomposites with Differently Treated Cellulose Fibers.

The growing concern about environmental pollution has generated an increased demand for biobased and biodegradable materials intended particularly for the packaging sector. Thus, this study focuses on the effect of two different cellulosic reinforcements and plasticized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The cellulose fibers containing lignin (CFw) were isolated from wood waste by mechanical treatment, while the ones without lignin (CF) were obtained from pure cellulose by acid hydrolysis. The biocomposites were prepared by means of a melt compounding-masterbatch technique for the better dispersion of additives. The effect of the presence or absence of lignin and of the size of the cellulosic fibers on the properties of PLA and PLA/PHB was emphasized by using in situ X-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and mechanical and thermal analyses. An improvement of the mechanical properties of PLA and PLA/PHB was achieved in the presence of CF fibers due to their smaller size, while CFw fibers promoted an increased thermal stability of PLA/PHB, owing to the presence of lignin. The overall thermal and mechanical results show the great potential of using cheap cellulose fibers from wood waste to obtain PLA/PHB-based materials for packaging applications as an alternative to using fossil based materials. In addition, in situ X-ray diffraction analysis over a large temperature range has proven to be a useful technique to better understand changes in the crystal structure of complex biomaterials.

Quantum effects on plasma screening for thermonuclear reactions in laser-generated plasmas

A quantum plasma screening model based on the density matrix formalism is used to investigate theoretically the thermonuclear reactions $^{13}$C($\alpha$, $n$)$^{16}$O and $^2$H($d$, $n$)$^3$He in laser-generated plasmas over a large range of densities and temperatures. For cold and dense (solid-state density) plasmas, our results show that quantum effects can enhance the plasma screening for thermonuclear reactions up to one order of magnitude compared to the classical case. This result can have impact on nuclear astrophysics predictions, and also may play a role for fusion energy gain prospects. Our simulations allow us to identify the laser-generated plasma experimental setting in which the quantum effects on plasma screening could be confirmed at existing high-intensity laser facilities.

Cloud-convection Feedback in Brown Dwarf Atmospheres

Numerous observational evidence has suggested the presence of active meteorology in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs. A near-infrared brightness variability has been observed. Clouds have a major role in shaping the thermal structure and spectral properties of these atmospheres. The mechanism of such variability is still unclear, and neither 1D nor global circulation models can fully study this topic due to resolution. In this study, a convective-resolving model is coupled to gray-band radiative transfer in order to study the coupling between the convective atmosphere and the variability of clouds over a large temperature range with a domain of several hundred kilometers. Six types of clouds are considered, with microphysics including settling. The clouds are radiatively active through the Rosseland mean coefficient. Radiative cloud feedback can drive spontaneous atmospheric variability in both temperature and cloud structure, as modeled for the first time in three dimensions. Silicate clouds have the most effect on the thermal structure with the generation of a secondary convective layer in some cases, depending on the assumed particle size. Iron and aluminum clouds also have a substantial impact on the atmosphere. Thermal spectra were computed, and we find the strongest effect of the clouds is the smoothing of spectral features at optical wavelengths. Compared to observed L and T dwarfs on the color–magnitude diagram, the simulated atmospheres are redder for most of the cases. Simulations with the presence of cloud holes are closer to observations.

Ultra strong and ductile eutectic high entropy alloy fabricated by selective laser melting

With important application prospects, eutectic high entropy alloys have received extensive attention for their excellent strength and ductility in a large temperature range. The excellent casting characteristics of eutectic high entropy alloys make it possible to achieve well manufacturability of selective laser melting. For the first time, we have achieved crack-free eutectic high entropy alloy fabricated by selective laser melting, which has excellent mechanical properties in a wide temperature range from -196 °C to 760 °C due to ultra-fine eutectic lamellar spacing of 150–200 nm and lamellar colony of 2–6 μm. Specifically, the room temperature tensile strength exceeds 1400 MPa and the elongation is more than 20%, which significantly improved compared with those manufactured by other techniques with lower cooling rate.

Adiabatic shear banding in FCC metallic single and poly-crystals using a micromorphic crystal plasticity approach

Finite element (FE) simulations are performed for hat-shaped specimens made of face-centered cubic (FCC) metallic single and poly-crystals in order to investigate strain localization phenomena under adiabatic conditions which are related to adiabatic shear band (ASB) formation process. A micromorphic crystal plasticity model is used to overcome the main limitation of classical plasticity models, namely the mesh size dependency in strain localization problems. A thermodynamically consistent formulation of the constitutive equations is proposed for micromorphic thermo-elasto-viscoplasticity of single crystals. The temperature evolution under adiabatic conditions is derived from the competition between plastic power and energy storage. The micromorphic crystal plasticity model is used first to simulate strain localization induced by thermal softening in a metallic single crystal strip loaded in simple shear undergoing single-slip. The FE solution of this boundary-value problem is validated using an analytical solution. Regarding single crystal hat-shaped specimen simulations, five different crystal orientations are considered to study the formation, intensity and orientation of shear bands. In particular, one special crystal orientation is found resistant to shear banding. In addition, the formation of shear bands in hat-shaped polycrystalline aggregates is investigated. The specimens are polycrystalline aggregates with different grain sizes, namely the coarse-grained and fine-grained specimens with random crystal orientation distribution. Furthermore, several realizations of the microstructures are taken into account for statistical considerations. The micromorphic crystal plasticity model incorporates a characteristic length scale, which induces a grain size effect in the simulation of polycrystalline specimens. The grain boundaries act as obstacles against shear band formation. A significant grain size effect, namely the finer the grain size the higher the resulting load, is predicted by the simulations under isothermal conditions. However, the fine-grained specimens are found to fail earlier by shear banding than some coarse-grained samples, the latter being associated with significant dispersion of the results depending on grain orientations. The effect of grain size on the width of the shear band is also analyzed. The temperature-dependent material parameters and shear band widths considered in the paper correspond to Nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 in a large temperature range. No strain hardening was considered in the hat-shaped specimen test to simplify the interpretation of the results.

Grid of pseudo-2D chemistry models for tidally locked exoplanets – II. The role of photochemistry

ABSTRACT Photochemistry is expected to change the chemical composition of the upper atmospheres of irradiated exoplanets through the dissociation of species, such as methane and ammonia, and the association of others, such as hydrogen cyanide. Although primarily the high altitude day side should be affected by photochemistry, it is still unclear how dynamical processes transport photochemical species throughout the atmosphere, and how these chemical disequilibrium effects scale with different parameters. In this work we investigate the influence of photochemistry in a 2D context, by synthesizing a grid of photochemical models across a large range of temperatures. We find that photochemistry can strongly change the atmospheric composition, even up to depths of several bar in cool exoplanets. We further identify a sweet spot for the photochemical production of hydrogen cyanide and acetylene, two important haze precursors, between effective temperatures of 800 and 1400 K. The night sides of most cool planets (Teff &amp;lt; 1800 K) are shown to host photochemistry products, transported from the day side by horizontal advection. Synthetic transmission spectra are only marginally affected by photochemistry, but we suggest that observational studies probing higher altitudes, such as high-resolution spectroscopy, take photochemistry into account.

Realizing enhanced energy storage and hardness performances in 0.90NaNbO3\u22120.10Bi(Zn0.5Sn0.5)O3 ceramics

Ceramic dielectric capacitors have a broad scope of application in pulsed power supply devices. Relaxor behavior has manifested decent energy storage capabilities in dielectric materials due to its fast polarization response. In addition, an ultrahigh energy storage density can also be achieved in NaNbO3 (NN)-based ceramics by combining antiferroelectric and relaxor characteristics. Most of the existing reports about lead-free dielectric ceramics, nevertheless, still lack the relevant research about domain evolution and relaxor behavior. Therefore, a novel lead-free solid solution, (1−x)NaNbO3−xBi(Zn0.5Sn0.5)O3 (abbreviated as xBZS, x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) was designed to analyze the domain evolution and relaxor behavior. Domain evolutions in xBZS ceramics confirmed the contribution of the relaxor behavior to their decent energy storage characteristics caused by the fast polarization rotation according to the low energy barrier of polar nanoregions (PNRs). Consequently, a high energy storage density of 3.14 J/cm3 and energy efficiency of 83.30% are simultaneously available with 0.10BZS ceramics, together with stable energy storage properties over a large temperature range (20–100 °C) and a wide frequency range (1–200 Hz). Additionally, for practical applications, the 0.10BZS ceramics display a high discharge energy storage density (Wdis ≈ 1.05 J/cm3), fast discharge rate (t0.9 ≈ 60.60 ns), and high hardness (H ≈ 5.49 GPa). This study offers significant insights on the mechanisms of high performance lead-free ceramic energy storage materials.

Activity cycles in RS CVn-type stars

ABSTRACT We compile a list of 120 RS CVn-type stars from the bibliography in Southern hemisphere, to search for rotation periods and activity cycles, covering a large range of luminosities and effective temperatures for late stars. For each system of the list, we use photometric data from the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS), and complement it with our own photometry, obtained with the Optical Robotic Observatory (ORO). We analyse these data with the Generalized Lomb–Scargle (GLS) periodogram to determine the rotation period and possible activity cycles for each system. We found rotation periods for 102 systems and activity cycles for 91 systems. From the statistical analysis of the results, we found that giant stars behave differently than subgiants and main-sequence stars, and that there is a good correlation between rotation periods and luminosities.

Polyhydroxylated Nanosized Graphite as Multifunctional Building Block for Polyurethanes.

Polyurethane nanocomposites were prepared with a nanosized high surface area graphite (HSAG) functionalized on its edges with hydroxyl groups as a building block. Edge functionalization of HSAG was obtained through reaction with KOH. The addition of OH groups was demonstrated by means of infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the Boehm titration allowed estimation of a level of about 5.0 mmolOH/gHSAG. Results from wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Raman spectroscopy suggested that functionalization of the graphene layers occurred on the edges. The evaluation of the Hansen solubility parameters of G-OH revealed a substantial increase of δP and δH parameters with respect to HSAG. In line with these findings, homogeneous and stable dispersions of G-OH in a polyol were obtained. PU were prepared by mixing a dispersion of G-OH in cis-1,4-butenediol with hexamethylene diisocyanate. A model reaction between catechol, 1,4-butanediol, and hexamethylene diisocyanate demonstrated the reactivity of hydroxylated aromatic rings with isocyanate groups. PU-based G-OH, characterized with WAXD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), revealed lower Tg, higher Tc, Tm, and crystallinity than PU without G-OH. These results could be due to the higher flexibility of the polymer chains, likely a consequence of the dilution of the urethane bonds by the carbon substrate. Hence, G-OH allowed the preparation of PU with a larger temperature range between Tg and Tm, with potential positive impact on material applications. The model reaction between butylisocyanate and 1-butanol revealed that HSAG and G-OH promote efficient formation of the urethane bond, even in the absence of a catalyst. The effect of high surface area carbon on the nucleophilic oxygen attack to the isocyanate group can be hypothesized. The results here reported lead us to comment that a reactive nanosized sp2 carbon allotrope, such as G-OH, can be used as a multifunctional building block of PU. Indeed, G-OH is a comonomer of PU, a promoter of the polymerization reaction, and can definitely act as reinforcing filler by tuning its amount in the final nanocomposite leading to highly versatile materials. The larger temperature range between Tg and Tm, together with the presence of G-OH acting as a reinforcing agent, could allow the production of piezoresistive sensing, shape-memory PU with good mechanical features.

Episodic massive release of methane during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse

Abstract Methane-derived carbonates (MDCs) are common along modern and ancient continental margins, and the majority of such formations are associated with seafloor cold seeps. Here, we document petrographic, rare earth element + yttrium (REE + Y), carbonate clumped isotope temperature (TΔ47), and carbon-isotopic evidence from a shale succession in southern Tibet spanning a ~28 m.y. interval (ca. 113–85 Ma) that coincided with the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse event. At least nine limestone nodule-bearing horizons exhibit seep-associated sedimentary structures, including carbonate fabrics (e.g., micritic crusts, crystal fans, and botryoidal textures) and 13C-depleted isotopic compositions (δ13Ccarb &amp;lt; –32.3‰), which are indicative of methane-derived carbon sources. Along with sedimentary evidence, the patterns of TΔ47–δ13Ccarb–δ18Ocarb support precipitation of these MDCs over a large temperature range. The REE + Y compositions and europium (Eu) anomalies indicate that the release of methane was associated with hydrothermal fluids. Methane may have been derived from both thermogenic and biogenic sources based on the inorganic carbon isotopic signatures of the carbonate. These nodular carbonate horizons document multiple episodes of seafloor methane release during the mid-Cretaceous and represent exceptionally long-lived, active methane seepage. Massive methane release events may have played a role in generating the greenhouse climate of the mid-Cretaceous.

Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 ternary ceramics with temperature-insensitive and superior piezoelectric property

The development of ferroelectric ceramics with both large piezoelectric responses and broad service temperature range is still a key challenge for practical applications due to the so-called d33-TC trade-off. Here we report the strategy to utilize the synergistic contribution of morphotropic phase boundary and enhanced local structural heterogeneity, in which an excellent piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 680 pC/N and a high Curie temperature of 330 ℃ are simultaneously achieved in Sm modified 0.25PIN-0.325PZ-0.425PT ceramics. The underlying mechanism responsible for the high dielectric and piezoelectric properties is studied based on cryogenic dielectric measurement and Rayleigh analysis. Of particular interest is that, a high field-induced strain of 0.19% is achieved in 0.25PIN-0.32PZ-0.43PT at electric field of 20 kV/cm, corresponding to a piezoelectric d33 * of 945 pm/V, showing an excellent temperature stability with minimal variation of 7% up to 310 °C. This work demonstrates the introduction of high temperature end members and rare earth doping are conducive to ferroelectric solid solutions with desired broad usage temperature range and superior piezoelectric properties, which will greatly benefit high temperature actuator applications.

Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Design as a Route for Promoting the Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 for High‐Performance Thermoelectric Power Generation

AbstractBismuth telluride alloys favor the applications of low‐grade waste heat recovery if their figure‐of‐merits are improved within the larger temperature range from 300 to 523 K. Herein, this work reports a synergistic optimization for Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (BST) by incorporating the copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc), which is preferentially distributed at the grain boundary of BST after the spark plasma sintering process and suppresses the grain growth of BST. The lattice thermal conductivity of composites is then extensively reduced by the multiscale scattering induced by the CuPc. In addition, the Cu atoms diffuse into the lattice of BST and increase the whole concentration, thus suppressing the bipolar effect. As a result, the average zT value is effectively enhanced from 0.7 to 1.1 in the temperature range between 300 and 523 K. A high conversion efficiency of 6.8% is achieved in a single BST/CuPc5 leg, which is 41.7% higher than that of BST at temperature different ΔT = 223 K. This result proves that the composition optimization of the BST/CuPc is a promising strategy to improve the application of BST‐based TE modules.

Extending the tire dynamic model range of operating conditions based on finite element method

Tire dynamics model is the basis of vehicle dynamic performance research, however, due to the limitation of safety and environmental conditions, the six-component physical test can not fully characterize the dynamic mechanical response characteristics of tire under special conditions such as low service inflation pressure, high load, and large range of operation temperature. To accurately describe the dynamic response of the tire under special operating conditions with the magic formula (MF) tire model, this paper combines the nonlinear finite element analysis and the experimental test. The finite element model of the tire is verified by the dynamic characteristic experiments, and the tire dynamics simulation under special operating conditions are also conducted based on the verification results. The MF tire model is modified and the parameter identification is performed for the prediction results to extend the operating conditions of the tire dynamic model. The results of the comparison show that the method proposed in this paper can realize the condition expansion of MF tire model under special conditions.

Absolute Photoelectric Encoder and Its Adoption in Fertilizing Corn Machinery in Ridge Planting

Absolute photoelectric encoder has the advantages of output data only corresponding to one position, requiring absolute zero position, no need to search for zero position after power failure and restart, and no cumulative error. Firstly, the principle of the traditional absolute photoelectric encoder is analyzed, and the matrix code plate is adopted to complete the production of the 16-bit absolute photoelectric encoder code plate, which reduces the volume of the high digit encoder. Then, K9 glass is chosen for the material of code plate and slit plate, which has good light transmittance and can improve the precision of photoelectric encoder. Giving that that the performance of light source of photoelectric encoder directly determines the accuracy of photoelectric encoder, bullet SE2470 light-emitting diode is selected as the emitting light source. It has a beam angle of 18 degrees and a large operating temperature range, supporting the working wavelength of 880 nm. The receiving light source is set as the bullet photosensitive triode SD2440, which has low power consumption, with 48 degrees of receiving angle, can be directly mounted to the double-sided PCB board. Finally, the designed absolute photoelectric encoder is used in the ridge corn mechanical fertilization system, and the system controller adjusts the opening of proportional valve through the motor speed signal fed back by the photoelectric encoder. In the experiment, the absolute photoelectric encoder is tested with the help of serial debugging assistant. When the encoder does not rotate the serial port, the output data of the assistant does not change. When the encoder rotates, the result change after receiving a lot of data due to the high baud rate. The error of each fertilization tube in the mechanical fertilization system of ridge planting corn is less than 3%, the coefficient of variation is less than 0.05, and thus the economic benefit of fertilization is improved.

Enhancement of energy storage and hardness of (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.7Sr0.3TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectrics via introducing Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3

• Simultaneously achieved high W rec of 5.50 J/cm 3 and η of 90.10% in this system. • Ultrahigh hardness ( H ) of 7.35 GPa is realized in this system. • The improved ESP are explained by first-principles calculation on basis of DFT. • The excellent stability in energy storage has been achieved in this system. High comprehensive performances with large energy storage density ( W rec ), high efficiency ( η ), good hardness ( H ), and large operating temperature range are the main challenge in applications of modern electronics and electrical power systems. Herein, excellent comprehensive energy storage performances [high W rec of 5.50 J/cm 3 , large η of 90.10%, and broad usage temperature range (20–200 °C)] and ultrahigh H of 7.35 GPa in lead-free (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 ) 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 -based (BNST) ceramics are achieved synergistically. Improving dielectric breakdown strength ( E b ), mitigating early polarization saturation, large polarization difference, and decreasing grain size are beneficial to the enhancement of comprehensive performances. Further analysis of intrinsic electronic structure indicates that the introduction of Ba(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (BMN) is conducive to enhancing E b values of BNST via first-principle calculation upon density functional theory (DFT), which can also be verified by experiments. Significantly domain relaxor behavior, as evidenced by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and Vogel-Fulcher (V-F) model, provides strong evidence for restraining early polarization saturation and large polarization difference. Additionally, for practical applications, the BNST-based ceramics exhibit a large power density (49.26 MW/cm 3 ) and fast discharge time (∼120.00 ns) over broad temperature range (20–140 °C). We believe that these findings in this study can provide an effective guideline approach to attain high-performance capacitors for application in pulsed power capacitors.