Large Private Corporations Research Articles

Big Business and Dictatorships in Latin America: A Transnational History of Profits and Repression

Big Business and Dictatorships in Latin America: A Transnational History of Profits and Repression

ATTRACTING INVESTMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITY PHU QUOC - KIEN GIANG PROVINCE

On August 1, 2018, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 950/QD-TTg, Decided to approve the project of sustainable, innovative city development in Vietnam from 2018 to 2025 and orientation to 2030 (Decision No. 950/TTg) along with the requirement to increase the mobilization of investment capital, domestic and foreign technical assistance. Thus, Phu Quoc Urban, Kien Giang province, is considered a typical pilot of Kien Giang and Vietnam to effectively exploit the potential and turn Phu Quoc into a luxury tourist city, currently modern, intelligent, and safe, environmentally friendly, attracting tourists all over the world. The development of Phu Quoc is oriented to develop synchronously in technical infrastructure, database, quality of life, intelligent city management, landscape, sustainable development, and competitiveness improvement. Competition, effective public services, ensuring security and social order and safety. This article answers the question, "How to attract domestic and foreign resources to invest in developing Phu Quoc's smart city to help Phu Quoc achieve the goals and vision stated above".The article has the task of defining the concept of resources limited to finance and new and innovative technologies for smart cities. The article also examines the influencing factors that play a decisive role in attracting and mobilizing resources to meet the development goals of smart Phu Quoc city. The article will answer the research question that with the primary investment resources being the minimal state budget, how to attract the whole society's resources, especially foreign direct investment and investment from foreign countries. Large private corporations in the country have capital, technology, management experience, and smart city construction potential.
 The article studies the experience of attracting and mobilizing investment for smart cities globally, clarifying the current investment situation of Phu Quoc and the current requirements for mobilizing investment resources in Phu Quoc. The article proposes the immediate solution to attract and mobilize investment resources from different economic sectors for Phu Quoc smart city, focusing on private resources and foreign direct investment (FDI) resources.
 The solutions will focus on renewing thinking and awareness in piloting new mechanisms, perfecting mechanisms and policies to encourage resource mobilization of all economic sectors, especially the public-private coordination mechanism and modern technology for investment and development of Phu Quoc, turning this city into a bright and modern city at the top level of the whole ASEAN region soon. The article uses a qualitative approach and analysis, synthesis, and comparison methods to serve the research. The data is secondary collected from various sources of Kien Giang departments and business associations.
 Keywords: Smart city Phu Quoc, Capital Mobilization, Non-State Investment, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

Instruments of state stimulation of investments in the conditions of Industry 4.0 development

The article describes the methods of state stimulation of investments in the development of R&D and innovation. Based on the research of experts from the Big Four and reports of international organizations, an overview of current trends in the application of methods and measures of state support for investment in R & D and innovation in various countries, including those with a similar economic structure to Kazakhstan, is made. At the heart of modern innovative trends, the development of elements of Industry 4.0 and the digital transformation of industrial enterprises are of great importance for economic growth. In the context of a pandemic, there are crisis changes in the economy, in the behavior of business entities and people’s consciousness, which provide for a proactive role of the state in ensuring stability and forming a sustainable development trend in the post-pandemic period. Crises, as a rule, in addition to destructive consequences, create the need and opportunities for the introduction of innovations and the transition to a qualitatively new technological level of development. One of the main factors of successful investment decisions of enterprises at the present stage is the speed of application of new digital technologies, which are more effective in comparison with investments in the creation of new production capacities. In the conditions of uncertainty of return on investment, the author suggests using the fiscal measures adopted in international practice to stimulate investment in R & D, including for the development of Industry 4.0 in the basic industries of Kazakhstan. The considered structure of investment incentives can be used to increase the scale of investments by large private and national corporations in the MMC and NGS sector, which positively affects the financial flows of enterprises and state budget revenues in the medium term. The author’s conclusions may be of interest to state authorized bodies and company managers when financing digitalization projects of industrial enterprises.

Legislative Investigations into Propaganda Activities (1919–1941)

The present work analyzes the complex relationship that was established during the interwar period between the American press and the legislative committees which investigated the propaganda activities of subversive movements and large private corporations during those years. The investigation is the result of the examination of journalistic sources and documentary evidence recently collected from various US federal and state archives. The main hypothesis is that the struggle against propaganda by both the press and the legislative committees became a new form of manipulation of public opinion, enabling politicians and reporters to exploit people’s aversion to the new persuasion techniques in order to satisfy their own personal interests and ideological purposes.

Analysis of health care demand subsidies and the role of private health care corporations

This work analyzes the demand subsidies to access health care and their relationship with large private corporations in Chile, through the transfer of public funds through the modality of freedom of choice (MLE) from 2000 to 2018. Therefore, we analyzed the expansion of the health market and the strengthening of health care corporations, identifying the distribution of resources according to type of health provider. We reviewed the annual reports of private health care corporations. We also analyzed billing data according to the provider through the freedom of choice modality from the year 2000 to the year 2018. We identified an increasing transformation of medical work from free exercise to become dependent on private health corporations, and an increase in public dependence on private providers to meet health demands. There is a growing capture of public funds by these holdings, using the strategy of increasing provider property concentration and a trans nationalization of the health market in Chile.

Solidarity Policy in Defense of Life: A Hope in Brazil’s Pandemic

First paragraphs: The current Brazilian political situation together with the advance of coronavirus (COVID-19) has reinforced inequalities to food access in Brazil, generating uncertainties about satisfying basic human needs. Before the COVID-19 boom, Brazil had already been showing the effects of a long political and economic crisis, largely a result of the 2016 coup, which has led to more than 11% of the population unemployed and more than 40% in informal work. Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro’s statements have made explicit his denialist policy by prioritizing the economy over life. Bolsonaro’s government has been undoing social security and food security poli­cies through the reform of the social security system, the dismantling of public universities, the shut­down of agrarian reform, the disassembling of food supply policies, and the end of the National Council for Food and Nutrition Security. Bolsonaro starts from an authoritarian policy, based on the neoliberal ideology and fear in which agribusiness and other large private corporations are prioritized rather than strengthening the collective alternatives that could help ensure a healthy diet for the Brazilian population. The COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, adds another societal stress factor, bringing back food insecurity and “the ghost of hunger” in Brazil.

Estrategias empresariales de integración fallidas o el difícil tránsito del proteccionismo a la competencia abierta: CYDSA (1945-2005)

<p>El estudio de la gran empresa privada en el contexto de la globalización se ha cargado más a los casos llamados exitosos. El interés de este trabajo, por el contrario, es describir una experiencia fallida relacionada con el ámbito de la gran empresa familiar surgida en el noreste de México, la cual, se ha autodenominado como “hecha a sí misma”. El propósito es justipreciar el peso de la protección estatal en la conformación de estos grandes corporativos privados, que si bien favoreció al despliegue de capacidades gerenciales también propició comportamientos dependientes que no desarrollaron otras capacidades empresariales dirigidas a la innovación y al compromiso social del empresario mexicano.</p>

Facial recognition and the future of privacy: I always feel like … somebody’s watching me

ABSTRACTIn the 21st century, we live in a world packed with closed-circuit video cameras, facial recognition systems, radio frequency identification chips, electronic toll collectors, smartphones with location tracking, and widespread monitoring of our electronic communications. As deeply as the industrial revolution upended 20th century social norms and political structures, so too has modern information technology been a revolution, giving governments and large private corporations vast power to keep track of, manipulate, and potentially repress entire populations. China offers some examples in this area, but even democratically elected governments have shown a tendency to want to digitally profile and analyze their citizens without sufficient respect for individual privacy. And just as rampant industrialization had to be reined in to protect human rights and individual dignity, information technology and digital systems must be controlled to prevent abuse and exploitation. This “boundary setting” can come none too soon, as rapid advances in artificial intelligence allow an even greater ability to process and categorize the vast amounts of data generated by all our electronic devices.

Two Frontiers of Development?: A Transnational Feminist Analysis of Public-Private Partnerships for Women’s Empowerment

Since the economic crisis of the past decade, public development organizations have increasingly partnered with large private corporations to empower women through business. Existing feminist analyses focus on those public-private partnerships (PPPs) that are global, agenda-setting, benchmarking, and service initiatives. However, there are door-to-door initiatives that aim to empower women at the bottom of the pyramid (BoP) by turning them into entrepreneurs in the global South. At the same time, and unconnected to these Southern initiatives, PPPs in the global North attempt to empower middle-income women to care for distant others by consuming ethically. While these two kinds of PPPs are each identified in their own literatures as new frontiers in development, thus far they have not been studied together. Using transnational feminist literacy practices as a methodology, this paper reanalyzes existing studies on PPPs in the global South and North that target women’s empowerment and have thus far been overlooked. It finds parallels and linkages between PPPs in the global South and North. The use of transnational feminist literacy practices deepens our understanding of the mechanisms by which market-led, corporate-sponsored, “smart economic” and “win-win-win” development approaches, justified in the name of women’s empowerment, obscure and/or transform structural inequalities.

The war on welfare and the war on asylum

The author draws parallels between the UK Conservative government’s war on welfare and war on asylum, in terms of the impact of destitution on lives and the rhetoric which punishes the ‘bogus’. In both cases, large private corporations now control people’s fates whilst a ‘disturbed morality’ encourages the wider public to support such a coercive system and inform on our neighbours.

Challenging Corporate Domination: The Public Ownership Approach

Copyright © 2013 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA In the wake of the most crippling economic downturn since the Great Depression, it is becoming increasingly evident that the United States is facing a myriad of serious problems that can no longer be solved by a stalemated political system.1 These challenges will inevitably require the conceptualization of a vision for comprehensive systemic change, and a major component of this is the question of what to do about the large private corporations that presently, to varying degrees, imperil our economy, threaten our democracy, and impede progress on environmental issues. The ability of large corporations—especially in the financial arena—to endanger the entire economic system is no longer in any doubt. According to the U.S. Treasury Department and Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the financial crisis and Great Recession has cost the nation at least $2.6 trillion in lost gross domestic product (GDP), $19.2 trillion in lost household net worth, and 8.8 million jobs.2 The $19.2 trillion number is worth contemplating for a moment. As there are around 115 million households in the United States, the total loss of wealth from the Great Recession is approximately $167,000 per household.3 Policy actions taken during the Great Recession by both the Bush and the Obama administrations—as well as similar actions taken throughout our history and by nations abroad—demonstrate that the sheer size of some of these corporations vis-a-vis the economy requires a government backstop. This reality ensures that profits are often private, but all the risks public. Challenging Corporate Domination: The Public Ownership Approach

Limited liability and the modern corporation in theory and in practice

The catastrophic consequences of a lack of public control over the operations of large private corporations have been thrown into sharp relief by two major events in the recent past: the global financial crisis and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. While these events obviously differ in scope and nature, they nevertheless turn the spotlight on a fundamental problem of contemporary capitalism. An economic system that facilitates the privatisation of gains in the hands of ever smaller elites while also socialising risk (losses) in an anarchic manner to the detriment of the many, is not politically viable in the long run. This is the case, in particular, if a core element of this system's legitimacy is its claim to promote democracy at home and around the world, based on principles of transparency and accountability. Both the global financial crisis and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill have already attained the status of ‘watershed’ events mainly because the social, economic and environmental risks inflicted by private actors on very large groups of people were extraordinary and the causes of failure to manage these risks were systemic rather than accidental.

EC Competition Law and Policy: A Survival of the Fittest

Major sectors of the world’s economy have been dominated by large private corporations some of which have bigger annual turnover than the GDP of many small states. Certainly, the financial status of these corporations, coupled with their global reach and control of new technologies contribute to their tremendous influence in the society. More economic activity has to be stimulated to keep this enormous clout in check and the most veritable means of achieving this significant desire is through what the United States (hereinafter referred to as US) and European Union (hereinafter referred to as EU) economies term antitrust and/or competition law respectively. Currently, there is no clear European Social Model promoted at the EU level. Rather, a conflict of laws between economically oriented actors promoting market-type solutions and socially oriented actors trying to find new perspectives for a productive approach to social policy linking them positively to economic and employment policies. It should not be all about market; it should be for the people, by the people and for the people.

What’s new in the other journals?

What’s new in the other journals?

FLOSS as Democratic Principle: Free Software as Democratic Principle

Free software – software in which the human readable source code is disclosed and distributed to the world - provides an excellent opportunity to scrutinise how software operates. By way of contrast, software that is distributed in binary form with the source code not disclosed (closed) promotes secrecy and ignorance as to how the software operates. If I were just about to be convicted of murder or to elect a President through a democratic process that relied on software I would feel more comfortable knowing the inner thoughts of that software – for software as a discursive practice has the power through its coding by humans (normally large private corporations) to construct knowledge much the same was as language, and embodies the thoughts of those that build it. Our thesis is that core software infrastructure in a vibrant democracy must be able to be scrutinised, reviewed and made accountable by any citizen through access to the source code. At present, free software provides that opportunity. What is more, free software allows citizens to better participate in and improve upon the process of democracy.

Criminology and Genetically Modified Food

Genetically modified or engineered foods are produced from rapidly expanding technologies that have sparked international debates and concerns about health and safety. These concerns focus on the potential dangers to human health, the risks of genetic pollution, and the demise of alternative farming techniques as well as biopiracy and economic exploitation by large private corporations. This article discusses the findings of the world's first Royal Commission on Genetic Modification conducted in New Zealand and reveals that there are potential social, ecological and economic risks created by genetically modified foods that require closer criminological scrutiny. As contemporary criminological discourses continue to push new boundaries in areas of crimes of the economy, environmental pollution, risk management, governance and globalization, the potential concerns posed by genetically modified foods creates fertile ground for criminological scholarship and activism.

The International Role of the Euro: Evidence from Bonds Issued by Non-Euro Area Residents

This paper analyses the main features of the market for euro-denominated bonds issued by non-euro area residents on the basis of a new database. It shows that large private corporations from mature economies have contributed significantly to the internationalisation of the euro since 1999, more than sovereigns in transition and emerging economies, whose part was initially expected to be stronger. It confirms that the euro’s international role is characterised by a strong regional focus, being most prominent in countries located in the immediate vicinity of the euro area. In particular, the paper provides ample evidence that the City of London plays a key role in the market for euro-denominated bonds issued by non-euro area residents, be it on the supply side, the demand side or as an intermediary. When it comes to demand, the paper shows that the euro’s reach in the rest of the world has been more limited thus far, notwithstanding some recent interest in Asia. Finally, the paper finds evidence that the international role of the euro has, to some extent, been driven by the euro area itself, with euro area investors being significant purchasers of euro-denominated bonds issued by non-euro area residents.

Employee Reactions to Supervisory Direction in Four Types of Firms in Taiwan: The Effects of Company Policy, Peer Consensus and Independent Assessment

Employees in four firms in Taiwan—a small family business (A), a state-owned enterprise (B), a large private corporation (C), and a U.S.-owned venture (D)—and one firm in the U.S. (E) responded to supervisory directions. A's employees were the most compliant, followed by B's, then by C's, D's, and E's. In A and B, employee compliance was impacted by company policy. In C, D and E, employee compliance was influenced by peer consensus. Except for those in A, employees' tendency to accept supervisory direction was enhanced when they assessed the direction as beneficial to their organization.

The Enduring Nineteenth-Century Battle for Economic Regulation: The Interstate Commerce Act Revisited

MUCH of Congressional politics in the late nineteenth century was directed at regulation of the large private corporations that arose in the industrial age. In particular, the railroads were regulated by the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act (ICA) in 1887, and more broadly directed antimonopoly legislation was produced by the Sherman Act in 1890. Our main thesis is that the coalitions that initiated the Age of Economic Regulation were in large part based on long-term, broadly based preferences (ideologies if one can bear the expression) concerning the economic structure of the United States. More precisely, measures of a representative's general left-right orientation should better predict his voting on a specific regulatory issue than should measures of his constituents' economic interests on the issue. In the process of documenting this thesis, we uncovered two key regularities. First, the heart of the proregulatory coalition was south of the Mason-Dixon line. Confederacy and Border congressmen overwhelmingly favored regulation of the railroads. Second, initial votes on railroad regulation, those occurring prior to 1884, took place in the absence of a well-formed coalition-support for regulation was unstable and not based on long-term preferences.

PRERETIREMENT PLANNING AND PERCEPTIONS OF SATISFACTION AMONG RETIREES

This study investigates the impact of preretirement planning on life satisfaction during retirement. It addresses the question of which manner of preretirement planning is most effective in enhancing life during retirement. The sample consisted of 322 retired subjects who were affiliated with either a community church or an alumni chapter of a national fraternity or who retired from a large private corporation. The findings indicate that retirement preparatory programs are most useful if they are performed or provided in a timely manner and effectively address, among other topics, health and financial matters pertinent to retirees. Further findings indicate that there were significant differences in the life satisfaction expressed by retirees who planned on their own as compared with those who participated in structured company‐sponsored preretirement planning programs and those who did not plan for retirement. Such findings suggest that gerontology educators, researchers, and professionals should continue to develop more effective retirement preparatory programs.