Large Numbers Of Eosinophils Research Articles

Nodal T-cell lymphoma with eosinophilic infiltration and sclerosing fibroplasia in a cat with eosinophilia.

An 8-year-old castrated male mixed-breed cat presented with an abdominal mass of unknown origin, accompanied by eosinophilia. Autopsy revealed mild-to-severe enlargement of lymph nodes throughout the body and multiple nodules in the lungs. Histopathologically, the lymph nodes showed severe fibroplasia and infiltration by a large number of eosinophils and fewer tumor cells, exhibiting large-sized lymphoid cell morphology. Metastatic lesions of tumor cells with eosinophilic infiltration and fibrosis were observed in the lungs, liver, kidneys, stomach, and intestines. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for CD3 and negative for B cell and mast cell markers. Thus, T-cell lymphoma with eosinophilic infiltration and sclerosing fibroplasia was diagnosed.

Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Eosinophilic Gastroduodenitis: A Case Report

Acute pancreatitis caused by eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease, and little has been reported so far. Diagnosing eosinophilic gastroenteritis is difficult because the symptoms and laboratory findings are not specific. We report a rare case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis related to acute pancreatitis as a possible cause of idiopathic acute pancreatitis. A 61-year-old man visited the hospital complaining of epigastric pain. Although no pancreatic abnormalities were confirmed on imaging studies, the patient showed hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia. Serum eosinophil fractions were initially normal. However, they were elevated on follow-up examinations, and a large number of eosinophils were observed in the biopsies of the stomach and duodenum, which led to the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroduodenitis related to acute pancreatitis.

A case of thyroid sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia indicates interleukin-5 production in a man with a history of Graves’ disease

Thyroid sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) is a rare tumor that typically affects women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The present case was a man in his late 50s who was diagnosed with Graves’ disease at the age of 10 and was given antithyroid hormone for five years. The computed tomography scan revealed a nodular lesion in the right lobe, and the lesion was cytologically suspected as papillary carcinoma. No lymph node metastases or distant metastases were found. Before total thyroidectomy, high serum anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and antithyroglobulin (TG) antibody titers, with no eosinophilia were detected. In a few small areas of the tumor center, small tumor cell foci with mild to moderate atypia, displaying mucous glandular cell and squamous cell differentiation, were found. The tumor was completely replaced by prominent sclerosing fibrosis, which was accompanied by tumor cell infiltration. The tumor had invaded the adjacent parenchyma and perithyroidal fatty tissue. In addition to lymphocytes and plasma cells, a large number of eosinophils were observed within the tumor. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly positive for p63, 34βE12, and TTF-1, but weakly for PAX8. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), no MAML2 translocation was detected. Taken together with these findings, the present tumor was diagnosed as primary thyroid sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE). This case is the first to report thyroid SMECE associated with Graves’ disease. IL-5 immunostaining was performed to identify eosinophilia within the present tumor. As a result, the tumor cells were found to be positive for IL-5. The present tumor is also the first to indicate IL-5 production of SMECE.

Diagnosis and treatment of two imported cases with schistosomiasis haematobia in Fujian Province

To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of two imported cases with schistosomiasis haematobia, so as to provide insights into improving the diagnosis and treatment and avoiding misdiagnosis and mistreatment of imported schistosomiasis haematobia. The medical records and epidemiological data pertaining to the two cases were collected. The stool and urine samples were collected for identification of Schistosoma eggs using the Kato-Katz technique and direct smear method after centrifugal precipitation, and blood samples were collected for detection of anti-Schistosoma antibody. Following definitive diagnosis, the patients were given praziquantel therapy. The patient 1, a Malagasy, was infected in Madagascar and returned to China for delivery. The case presented intermittent painless terminal hematuria symptoms, and showed no remarkable improvements following multiple-round treatments in several hospitals. In January 2017, she was found to be positive for anti-Schistosoma antibody, negative for feces test, and positive for S. haematobium eggs in urine test, and miracidia were hatched from eggs. Then, the case was diagnosed as schistosomiasis haematobia. Patient 2 worked in Republic of Malawi for many years, and presented intermittent painless terminal hematuria since October 2018; however, no definite diagnosis or effective treatment was received after admission to multiple hospitals. In March 2019, pathological examinations showed a number of eggs in the interstitium of the bladder mass, accompanied by a large number of eosinophils, which was consistent with schistosomiasis cystitis. In April 2019, he was tested positive for serum anti-Schistosoma antibody, negative for the fecal test, and had S. haematobium eggs in urine samples, with miracidia hatched from eggs. Then, the case was diagnosed as schistosomiasis haematobia. Following treatment with praziquantel at a dose of 60 mg/kg, all symptoms disappeared. Overseas imported schistosomiasis haematobia is likely to be misdiagnosed. The training pertaining to schistosomiasis control knowledge requires to be improved among clinical professionals, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

The GM-CSF-IRF5 signaling axis in eosinophils promotes antitumor immunity through activation of type 1 T cell responses.

The depletion of eosinophils represents an efficient strategy to alleviate allergic asthma, but the consequences of prolonged eosinophil deficiency for human health remain poorly understood. We show here that the ablation of eosinophils severely compromises antitumor immunity in syngeneic and genetic models of colorectal cancer (CRC), which can be attributed to defective Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses. The specific loss of GM-CSF signaling or IRF5 expression in the eosinophil compartment phenocopies the loss of the entire lineage. GM-CSF activates IRF5 in vitro and in vivo and can be administered recombinantly to improve tumor immunity. IL-10 counterregulates IRF5 activation by GM-CSF. CRC patients whose tumors are infiltrated by large numbers of eosinophils also exhibit robust CD8 T cell infiltrates and have a better prognosis than patients with eosinophillow tumors. The combined results demonstrate a critical role of eosinophils in tumor control in CRC and introduce the GM-CSF-IRF5 axis as a critical driver of the antitumor activities of this versatile cell type.

The Maternal Leucocytes in Thrombophilia and Hypothyroidism and their Influence on Fetal Cells

Abstract The literature data show that thrombophilia and maternal dysfunction of thyroid gland during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, placental abruption, hypertensive disorders and fetal growth retardation. It was shown that thyroid hormones and hypercoagulable states influence onto a leucocyte activity. The aim of this study has been to investigate maternal leucocytes changes and their correlation with frequency of fetal cells micronuclei in pregnant women with thrombophilia and hypothyroidism. The samples of blood and amniotic fluid were collected from healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with inherited thrombophilia and hypothyroidism (16 - 18 weeks of gestation). Hematological characteristics were determined by using standard hematological methods. The frequency of micronuclei was determined in fetal cells after amniocentesis by using standard cytogenetic methods. The results of this study showed significant higher levels of β-hCG, number of monocytes and eosinophils in blood of pregnant women with thrombophilia. A large number of eosinophils was documented in blood of pregnant women with hypothyroidism. Increased percentage distribution of eosinophils and basophils is shown in both investigated groups of pregnant women. The increased fetal cells micronuclei frequency and their correlation with percentage distribution of eosinophils and basophils were indicated in pregnant women with hypothyroidism. The obtained results suggest that an increased percentage of eosinophils and basophils in pregnant women with hypothyroidism contribute to a formation of micronuclei in fetal cells.

A case of Bilharzial tubercle in a migrant from zimbabwe, diagnosed late through cystoscopy and histology, with negative schistosomiasis serology [Indirect Hemagglutination (IHA)

We report a case of Bilharzial tubercle in a migrant from Zimbabwe, recognised 10 years later through flexible cystoscopy and histological findings. A 21-year-old female presented to her local doctor with six months history of supra-pubic pain and dyspareunia without systemic symptoms. Her past medical history included intermittent asymptomatic haematuria since 2006 attributed to thin membrane disease, migraine and sinusitis. She had freshwater exposure in a rural region in Africa prior to migration to Australia 11 years ago. Her urine dipstick showed erythrocytes count of 137×106/L. Schistosomiasis serology (IHA) was negative. Pelvic ultrasonography showed a focal 8×5 mm lesion in the posterior bladder wall suspicious for neoplastic aetiology. Cystoscopy demonstrated patchy changes on bladder mucosa and a persistent bladder wall mass, which was nodular and suspicious for Bilharzial tubercle. A 7 mm fragment of the bladder lesion showed urothelium with mucosal ulceration and dense mixed inflammation with large numbers of eosinophils. Numerous calcified schistosoma eggs were present within the mucosa and lamina propria. The mucosa showed reactive changes and there was benign squamous metaplasia without evidence of malignancy. She was treated with praziquantel 20 mg/kg orally with food, for 2 doses and 4 hours apart with resolution of her symptoms, haematuria and lesion.

Role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering skin disease, and a large number of eosinophils (EOS) obviously infiltrate the dermis of BP lesions. Additionally, EOS and their activated cytokines and chemokines are abundantly present in blisters and peripheral blood of BP patients. It is also proved that EOS can induce the dermal-epidermal separation. The level of interleukin (IL) -5 is markedly increased in the sera and blister fluids of BP patients, and IL-5 secreted by Th2 cells and EOS can regulate the differentiation, activation and survival of EOS. All the above evidence indicates that EOS are associated with the occurrence of BP. Researches on EOS and their cytokines will develop a new field of targeted therapy for BP. Key words: Pemphigoid, bullous; Eosinophil; Pathogenesis; Dermal-epidermal separation

Signals from the various immune cells in promoting food allergy-induced eosinophilic esophagitis like disease.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a recently recognized esophageal inflammatory disease with clinical manifestations arising from esophageal dysfunction. The etiology of EoE is currently being clarified and food allergy is evolving as the central cornerstone of EoE disease pathogenesis. Given the large number of eosinophils in the esophagus of people with EoE verified by data from murine models EoE is widely considered as the hallmark T-helper type 2 (Th2) disease of the esophagus. It is also known that some eosinophilic inflammation is controlled by other subsets of T cells such as Th9 or Th17 and control is also exerted by type 2 innate lymphoid cells acting together with basophils. In this paper we review results from molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans and present in-depth molecular understanding of EoE.

Clinical analysis of 50 cases of serous cavity effusion related with paragonimiasis

To analyze the clinical characteristics of serous cavity effusion related with paragonimiasis, so as to improve the physician's ability of the clinical diagnosis and treatment. The clinical data of 50 cases of serous cavity effusion related with paragonimiasis diagnosed in a hospital in recent 3 years were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Among the 50 patients, there were 35 males and 15 females, and 35 children and 15 adults. Eighteen patients had a clear history of exposure to the foci. Among the children, the respiratory symptoms accounted for 68.6% (24/35), gastrointestinal symptoms for 22.9% (8/35), and no apparent symptoms for 8.6% (3/35); among the adults, the respiratory symptoms accounted for 93.3% (14/15) and the abdominal distention for 6.7% (1/15). The paragonimus antibody was positive in all the patients. The chest radiography or CT showed pulmonary inflammatory exudation and serous cavity effusion. Eosinophilia in blood was found in 25 cases, a large number of eosinophils in serous cavity effusion were found under microscopy in 12 cases, and eosinophil infiltration of pleura was found in 7 cases. All were cured after the patients received chemotherapy (praziquantel) and drainage fluid. The clinical manifestations of paragonimiasis are not very specific and paragonimiasis is often accompanied with serous cavity effusions. Clinically, paragonimiasis is easily misdiagnosed as tuberculosis or cancer. We should consider about the possibility of paragonimiasis when eosinophil is high in blood, serous cavity effusion and pleura.

Pathological changes seen in horses in New Zealand grazing Mediterranean tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) infected with selected endophytes (Epichloë coenophiala) causing equine fescue oedema

AIM: To investigate whether Mediterranean tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. (syn Festuca arundinacea)) infected with selected fungal endophytes (Epichloë coenophiala (formerly Neotyphodium coenophialum)) caused equine fescue oedema when grown in New Zealand, and to examine the pathological changes associated with this intoxication.METHODS: Horses were grazed on Mediterranean tall fescue that was infected with the endophytes AR542 (n=2), or AR584 (n=3), or Mediterranean tall fescue that was endophyte-free (n=2). Blood samples were taken up to 7 days after the start of feeding to detect changes in concentrations of total protein in serum and packed cell volume. Any horse showing clinical evidence of disease was subject to euthanasia and necropsy.RESULTS: Within 6 days, both horses grazing fescue infected with AR542 became depressed and lethargic. One horse grazing fescue infected with endophyte AR584 became depressed within a 5-day feeding period while another horse in this group died shortly after being removed from the AR584 pasture. The third horse in this group did not develop clinical signs within the 5-day feeding period. However, haemoconcentration and hypoproteinaemia was detected in all horses grazing Mediterranean tall fescue that was infected by AR542 or AR584 endophyte. No abnormalities were observed in horses grazing fescue that was endophyte-free. Necropsy examination was performed on two horses grazing fescue infected with AR542 and one horse grazing fescue infected with AR584. All three horses had marked oedema of the gastrointestinal tract. Histologically, the oedema was accompanied by large numbers of eosinophils, but no necrosis.CONCLUSIONS: Horses grazing Mediterranean tall fescue that was infected by AR542 or AR584 developed hypoproteinaemia and haemoconcentration, most likely due to leakage of plasma proteins into the gastrointestinal tract. This suggests that these selected endophytes produce a compound that is toxic to horses, although the toxic principle is currently unknown.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mediterranean tall fescue that is infected by AR542 or AR584 should not be fed to horses in New Zealand. This intoxication should be considered in horses in which a rapid onset of hypoproteinaemia and haemoconcentration is detected. This intoxication should also be considered if marked gastrointestinal oedema is observed.

In vitro immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells on allergic asthma

Abstract Allergic asthma is an airway inflammation in the present of high serum IgE and large numbers of eosinophils which mediated by an imbalanced type II helper T cell (Th2) immune response. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a multipotent progenitor which shows immunomodulatory ability and thought to be a potential immunotherapy. In this study, we evaluated whether allogenic MSC suppress immune cells from allergic asthma patients and whether Th2 microenvironment cytokine affect the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. To this end, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allergic asthma patients were cocultured with MSC and proliferation and cytokine production of PBMCs were assayed. In addition, MSCs were treated with Th2 cytokine IL-4 and immunosuppressive properties of MSCs were examined. Our results showed that MSC suppressed proliferation and the expression of activation marker CD25 of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells form allergic asthma patients. Otherwise, Th2 cytokine production was also reduced. However, IL-4 did not affect the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs. It seems that MSCs did not response to IL-4 since the immunosuppression related genes COX2, IDO, IL6 and IL8 did not increase. In conclusion, MSC is able to reduce Th2 response in allergic disease and Th2 environment might not affect their immunosuppressive function.

The immunology of asthma.

Asthma is a common disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. Given the large number of eosinophils in the airways of people with mild asthma, and verified by data from murine models, asthma was long considered the hallmark T helper type 2 (TH2) disease of the airways. It is now known that some asthmatic inflammation is neutrophilic, controlled by the TH17 subset of helper T cells, and that some eosinophilic inflammation is controlled by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) acting together with basophils. Here we discuss results from in-depth molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans and describe the extraordinary heterogeneity of asthma.

Dry dressing for epidermal sloughing after subcutaneous azacitidine injection in a myelodysplastic syndrome.

Dry dressing for epidermal sloughing after subcutaneous azacitidine injection in a myelodysplastic syndrome.

Histological Appearance of Echinococcus Granulosus in the Camel Species in Algeria

The work is realized on five livers and lungs, the organs are taken from 07 camels of female gender, they are over 7 years old, 6 of them suffers from hydatidosis. The method is based on the classical techniques, that is histology, fixation, realization of inclusion, sections, blades confection, deparaffination, rehydration, staining, dehydration, editing, and reading of the blades. Knowing that the average diameter of the hydatid cyst varies between 0.5 and 1.3 Cm and the pulmonary cysts varies between 1.5 and 2.2 cm, the results shows that the hydatid cyst wall is composed of the proligerous membrane, the laminated membrane and the perikyste. The connection between the parasite and the intermediate host tissue caused local inflammation of a granulomatous type, a fact described even in other ruminants, cysts are observed in the early stage of degeneration and necrosis, with a large number of eosinophils observed outside lymphocytes. Finally histological hydatid cyst in the camel species allows us to identify the various constituent layers of the major parasite (Endokyste, Ectokyste and Perikyste) and know the local reaction between host and parasite, with appreciation fertility cyst to the naked eye on lung and liver, and to distinguish the difference between the other species on cyst size and thickness of the layers.

Eosinophils Promote Generation and Maintenance of Immunoglobulin-A-Expressing Plasma Cells and Contribute to Gut Immune Homeostasis

Although in normal lamina propria (LP) large numbers of eosinophils are present, little is known about their role in mucosal immunity at steady state. Here we show that eosinophils are needed to maintain immune homeostasis in gut-associated tissues. By using eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA-1 and PHIL mice or an eosinophil-specific depletion model, we found a reduction in immunoglobulin A(+) (IgA(+)) plasma cell numbers and in secreted IgA. Eosinophil-deficient mice also showed defects in the intestinal mucous shield and alterations in microbiota composition in the gut lumen. In addition, TGF-β-dependent events including class switching to IgA in Peyer's patches (PP), the formation of CD103(+) T cells including Foxp3(+) regulatory (Treg), and also CD103(+) dendritic cells were disturbed. In vitro cultures showed that eosinophils produce factors that promote T-independent IgA class switching. Our findings show that eosinophils are important players for immune homeostasis in gut-associated tissues and add to data suggesting that eosinophils can promote tissue integrity.

Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: mimicking Crohn’s disease case report and review of the literature

Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is an unusual fungal infection that manifests in the skin and rarely involves other systems. All of the few cases of GIB reported so far were diagnosed with difficulty, necessitating laparotomy and resection of the inflamed part of the bowel. We report a child with GIB who was successfully diagnosed endoscopically without surgical intervention.

Eosinophilic oesophagitis in children: responders and non-responders to swallowed fluticasone

Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EO) is characterised by large numbers of eosinophils in oesophageal mucosa in response to food or inhaled antigens. Treatment with elimination diet or corticosteroids lead to improvement in...

Eosinophilic Cholecystitis Mimicking Adenomyomatosis.

Eosinophilic cholecystitis (EC) is an infrequent and poorly understood inflammatory condition of the gallbladder, first described in 1949 by Albot and colleagues as an inflammatory condition of the gallbladder in which the inflammatory infiltrate is composed predominately of eosinophils so that their presence clearly overshadows the presence of any other inflammatory cell components. EC has been reported alone or in combination with manifestations such as eosinophilic cholangitis, hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES), and parasitic infestations. Large numbers of eosinophils in the inflammatory infiltrate occurred three times more commonly in patients with acalculous cholecystitis than in patients with cholelithiasis.

Kimura’s disease: a case report

Kimura's disease is a rare chronic inflammatory condition which affects predominantly males of Asian descent. This is a case report of this condition. A 45-year-old male presented with a subdermal lesion posterior to the left ear with associated peripheral eosinophilia. The specimen excised consists of five irregular pieces of firm, grey-white tissue ranging from 5x3x2mm to 10x8x5mm. Microscopically, the tissue fragments show aggregates of lymphoid tissue set within a dense, sclerotic background. There is prominent lymphoid hyperplasia with many of the follicles broken up by small lymphoid cells. The infiltrate consists of small lymphocytes and is accompanied by prominent postcapillary venules as well as large numbers of eosinophils and fewer numbers of histiocytes and Langerhans cells. The lymphoid infiltrate is a mixture of B cells (CD20 positive) and small numbers of T cells (CD3 positive). No atypical cells are seen within the infiltrate. The appearances are consistent with so called Kimura's disease which presents as a head and neck lymphadenopathy with associated soft tissue mass, late stage sclerosis and peripheral eosinophilia. The aetiology is unknown. The lesions are benign although recurrence may occur after surgical excision.