Large Number Of Tables Research Articles

Degradation of Complexity for Join Enumeration via Weight Measure on CMP

Most contemporary database systems query optimizers exploit System-R's Bottom-Up dynamic programming method (DP) to find the optimal query execution plan (QEP). The dynamic pr ogramming algorithm has a worst case running time, thus for queries with more than 10 joins, it becomes infeasible. To resolve this problem, random strategies are used. In this paper we propose a parallel top-down join enumeration algorithm that is optimal with respect to the partial order graph based on Chip Multi-Processor (CMP). This paper firstly transforms the undirected query graph to W eighted Edge Join Graph (WEJG) according to the edge weight and constructs all partial order join and partial order graph wi thin WEJG. Then the global optimal query plan is achieved according to the parallelize top-down enumeration. Our theoretical result s and empirical evaluation show that our algorithm could gracefully degrade the complexity degree for top-down join enumeration with large number of tables and gains impressive in the performance in terms of both output quality and running time.

Hepatic Critical Care

Rahul Nanchal and Ram Subramanian, 2 highly respected specialists in the field of hepatic critical care, are editors of a new book on the topic. The liver plays a pivotal role in many metabolic processes; it performs complex functions of synthesizing and metabolizing carbohydrates, protein, and lipids. The liver also plays a significant role in modification of proteins and drugs to their biologically active form, as well as detoxification and excretion of drugs out of the body. Limitations of hepatic function would have detrimental effects on various physiological systems, which could compromise circulatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, and cerebrovascular functions. Because the liver is a vital metabolic organ, it is susceptible to various conditions that can affect any of its many functions that can potentially lead to critical illness. This is well described in the first part of the book. Over 75 pages, the authors give an extensive and yet easily fathomable overview of various pathophysiological mechanisms involved in liver diseases. The second part of the book is clinically oriented, focusing on manifestations of liver-related problems in critically ill patients and their management. With 230 pages, it is more extensive than the first part, indicating their clinical relevance and significance. The first chapters of this section follow the same structure of the first part, in reviewing cerebral, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, renal and hematological consequences of hepatic insufficiency and their clinical applications. This is followed by chapters discussing special issues like pharmacological considerations, liver trauma, extracorporeal liver support, liver transplantation, and anesthetic considerations. All chapters start with an abstract, keywords, and learning objectives and end with a summary and recommendations section that is then followed by questions and answers. This structure clearly shows the intention of the authors to write a comprehensive textbook for educational purposes, a goal they seem to have well achieved. Such a didactic approach increases knowledge transfer and combines efficient means of swiftly grasping the essential information and retaining essential knowledge for future practice. Authors of single chapters are respected experts with a strong academic and/or clinical experience in the field. The text is easily comprehensible and appears to a large extent very homogeneous in style. Forty-one well-designed figures and a large number of tables help the reader to better understand complex interrelations. This book is appropriate for physicians who are looking for a broad overview of this topic, whether first-time residents or experienced physicians and researchers. In addition, this book can also be considered a quick reference for swift access to specific issues. For example, the excellent chapter on perioperative management should be commended because it gives clear practical clinical recommendations in a concise succinct fashion. In conclusion, Nanchal and Subramanian wrote an excellent textbook on hepatic insufficiency in the intensive care. This book provides an overview of both the pathophysiological background of liver disease and its effects on other systems. It offers background knowledge and clinical management. It has an admirable didactic approach that is comprehensive enough to provide all essential information, while succinct enough to still be considered concise. This book is recommended for those in the medical field who are involved in the management of patients with hepatic insufficiency in the intensive care and wish to establish, deepen, or refresh their knowledge. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Eugenia Lamont, their medical English editor, for streamlining and language editing of the manuscript. Ashraf A. Dahaba, MD, MSc, PhDHelmar Bornemann-Cimenti, MD, DMedSci, MScDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineMedical University of GrazGraz, Austria[email protected]

Can censoring of research outputs be automated to ensure robust data protection?

ABSTRACT
 BackgroundGuidance regarding research outputs recommends censoring so that even when aggregating anonymised linked data no cell should have less than 5 -10 units. This is recommended to decrease the likelihood of re- identification. Leaving those cells empty is not adequate if other cells can be used to identify the numerical value of that cell. Some outputs necessitate a large number of tables to be exported this will become more common. This was the case where the outputs from a research study involved several large tables which drove a front end interactive visualisation. As linked data outputs are used to make operational decisions which necessitates timely data outputs of large amount of aggregated data this issue will be more common. Human scanning of all tables may not be time or cost effective and can be subject to human error.
 ApproachMany methods of censoring were considered including Barnardisation (adding or subtracting 1 randomly to small numbers) suppression and a combination of methods. It was then necessary to code the methods to ensure that censoring was implemented in all cells in the output and that the output was still meaningful. It was then necessary to check the outputs for quality and introduce an ‘audit’ system to ensure that the quality was maintained but did not impact on the outputs of the findings.
 DiscussionSoftware engineers were able to develop an algorithm that performed safe censoring using a level of ‘10 or under’. It also ensured that the statistical tables were still functional. The presentation will describe how this was done and demonstrate some examples of the impact on the output. Some stakeholders felt that the censoring of the anonymised aggregated data went beyond the ‘reasonable effort’ required to re- identify individuals. Some expressed the opinion that the lack of detail and missing data that this method results in is excessive and has been sacrificed for the sake of minimal risk. Some stakeholders felt the risks had been allowed to outweigh the societal benefits. The team were assured that although the censoring may be considered excessive by some it did ensure safe censoring and offered as low a risk a possible for re-identification. However routine implementation of this method has not been agreed.

BEARING CAPACITY BASED ON SPT-COMPUTER INTERPOLATION

Any structural design must be accompanied with sound analysis referring to the foundation design. The columns carrying the total load of the building may be in very high stress. The actual stress that exists in columns may reach in actual cases to half f'c or more. On the other hand, the maximum carrying stress of soil is very much small compared with that for reinforced concrete, the situation that necessitate the enlargement of column end to have "a footing". While the compressive strength of concrete is easy to measure, the bearing stress of soil is not. Methods of evaluating the soil bearing capacity are numerous and consist of field and laboratory. The SPT is one of these field methods. Scientists tried to relate the SPT-N value with the soil strength properties resulting in large number of tables, charts, and graphs. This research considers the most famous methods to evaluate the bearing capacity from the SPT. A BASIC computer program is written to aid in using these formulas. In going to this step all tables, curves, and graphs must be converted to numerical equations. This is done by using the usual FD technique of interpolation. The authors feel that this program must be used with caution since it is not a replacement of sound hand calculations associated with engineering judgment and experience. This is because the very SPT is used only as a guide and never as a replacement of laboratory testing program except for sands since it is very difficult to get undisturbed samples.

A database for the ANTARES neutrino telescope

ANTARES is a telescope for neutrino astronomy installed in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth of about 2500 m. While the event data are stored in root files, an Oracle 10 G Relational Data Base Management Server (RDBMS) is used for storing structural, control and monitoring information. The database includes complete configuration tables for the whole detector, allowing to store calibration information for each acquisition chain element. Such an information is stored in a large number of tables with relational behavior, in order to maintain the necessary correlations between the different data entries. This complex structure has been designed, so as to facilitate the development of the software for acquisition and analysis of the ANTARES data. In this paper the structure of the ANTARES database is illustrated for what concerns two major functionalities: calibration and apparatus configuration.

Handbook of Helminthiasis for Public Health

“I'll never forget the day I read a book.” Daniel Pinkwater begins his book commentaries for National Public Radio with this Durante-Barnett tune. This came to mind when I realized I have never before read a textbook on parasitology from start to finish. I usually rely on a reference to refresh my memory about a detail of this or that life cycle or to reinforce a grant application with the number of those afflicted across the globe. Handbook of Helminthiasis for Public Health by D.W.T. Crompton and Lorenzo Savioli, however, bears reading straight through. What makes a complete reading so well worthwhile and also sets the book apart from most on either public health or parasitology is its successful marriage of these 2 points of view. This book covers the most common helminths by focusing on the parts of their biology that are most relevant to public health. Methods for rapid inexpensive surveys, international health initiatives, the economics of boreholes, and latrine design are discussed next to metacercarial development. The focus on helminths also sets this book apart. In the first place, helminths are naturally engaging because of their ability to integrate their own complex biology with human biology and culture. Second, a significant re-evaluation is under way regarding the influence of parasitic worm infection on health. This refutes the perception in some circles that most helminthic infections are less harmful than the common cold. The first chapter of this book presents the more complete recent analyses that give a broader view of the true consequences of health. Handbook of Helminthiasis for Public Health is structured in 3 parts: Human Health and Helminth Infection, Helminthology, and Control Interventions. Part 1 establishes the context for understanding the effects of helminth infections, the economics of these infections, and the resources required to control these infections. These are important aspects of infection because poverty, sanitation, national politics, and economic influences all contribute to the spread of helminthiasis but are often the most neglected aspects of helminth epidemiology. The book also recognizes the importance of urban settings for these infections, which is appropriate for a year during which, many projections say, the global human population becomes predominantly urban. The first chapter returns to specifics by ending with a comprehensive list of helminths that have been found to infect humans, a list that extends for 10 pages. Part 2, Helminthology, is organized in part by phylogeny and in part by common transmission characteristics; thus, cestodes and schistosomes are presented in separate chapters while the soil-transmitted and foodborne helminths are grouped together. This section is devoid of the usual life-cycle diagrams but does a good job of describing the biology most relevant to public health surveillance and control measures. Useful diagrams are provided of parasite morphology and a large number of tables and charts about age and geographic distribution, illness rates, response to control campaigns, and drug dosages. In part 3, Control Interventions, problems such as drug resistance, health education, assessment of health awareness in a population, the structure of latrines, and the place of helminth control in the international political arena are addressed and made concrete by reference to many specific infections covered in the preceding section. The book also offers 4 appendices: a glossary, a list of journals about helminthology and control intervention, detection methods in helminthology for stool samples, and a model framework for control of foodborne trematodes. A list of the 63 tables is provided, and the table of contents is well organized. No book is without its faults; there are a few frank errors. Death from Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum is primarily a result of portal hypertension and esophageal bleeding with preservation of hepatic function, rather than hepatic failure as indicated in the book. The immunology references are old, except where current vaccine development is discussed. The book also fails at times from overgeneralization. Cysticercosis is diagnosed in the United States and Canada; it is just rarely transmitted in these countries. More abbreviations (e.g., U5MR, FBT, MDG, FECRT, KAP) should be included in the glossary or index. An abundance of useful figures and tables are provided, but more maps would be useful in Part 2 of the book. Handbook of Helminthiasis for Public Health is very readable. The core audience, according to the jacket cover, is readers who have a public health background and workers involved in control programs. However, the book should interest parasitologists and even basic researchers who wish to understand the full context of helminth biology.

Final Report of the BIR fractionation study

Wiernik et al (1990) have reported on the BIR multicentre trial of 3 versus 5 days per week treatment of tumours of the larynx and pyriform sinus. No statistically significant differences were found between the two arms with respect to survival and complication rates. The purpose of choosing irradiation over surgery in the tumours of the laryngopharynx is to preserve the larynx. Salvage surgery is highly successful, primarily for failures in patients with mobile cord tumours, but it also has been successful in other sites where, in addition to laryngectomy, radical neck dissection can be curative. Therefore, survival rates do not reflect the effectiveness of the radiation treatment, yet survival analysis makes up the bulk of their report. The brief analysis of the incidence of laryngectomies is lost in an extensive text on statistical methods and a large number of tables and graphs relating to survival rates.

BEIR III 'The effects on populations of exposure to low levels of ionising radiation'

The BEIR III report became available in August 1980 after an earlier draft had been withdrawn in 1979. The BEIR committee have reviewed the state of knowledge on the interaction of radiation with biological tissue and concluded that the evidence is compatible with a wide range of interpretations. They consider the estimation of radiation risks and present a large number of tables of numerical values covering the various models which they discuss. Overall they suggest that for low linear energy transfer radiation the dose response is most realistically represented by an expression with a dose dependence which is the sum of a linear and a quadratic term. This summary of the report concentrates on the factors leading to the numerical estimates of the rate at which radiation can induce fatal malignancies.

Some Methods of Phenol Elimination from Sewage Waters. Part 2: Sorption of Phenols and Their Quionid Oxidation Products

AbstractAccording to the results from investigations with different anion exchangers and synthetically obtained thiopolymers as thiopolystyrene and thiopolyvinylether, phenols and their oxidation products can be removed with different efficiencies. The individual methods of treatment and analysis are described. The results of the purification efficiency as well as the profile of the adsorption isotherms are presented in a large number of tables and figures.

Letters to the Editor

Abstract Dear Sir: We are flattered by the attention with which Dr. Junger has read not only our latest paper in the J.I., but also the other publications on BUF rat thyroiditis by our group. As you can imagine, we are very well aware of our previous reports on the incidence of thyroiditis in animals at 3 months of age or older. However, even in our recent review on spontaneous animal models of thyroiditis (1), we decided not to present a table such as the one Dr. Junger has compiled from our published data, because of the variability observed in several groups of animals. We have noticed thyroiditis at the age of 4 ± 1 months and this is the basis of our statement that the “disease appears first at the age of 4 months.” With regard to the breakdown of disease by sex, we have indeed distinguished between sexes (see Table I), but because of the already too large number of tables we did not include these data in our J.I. paper.

Funktionsdiagnostik des gesunden und kranken Herzens, Beziehungen zwischen Herzgrösse und Leistung

Physical training improves the performance of the heart. Recent studies of Sjostrand and other Swedish physiologists have shown that training increases the stroke volume and the volume of the heart. This implies that a small but healthy heart functions inefficiently, and that a certain amount of cardiac dilatation and hypertrophy, induced by training, may be beneficial. Reindell and his colleagues from Heidelberg conclude that cardiac performance during strenuous exercise is a function of the heart volume. Therefore, they have correlated the heart volume with the blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, ventilation, and oxygen uptake per beat during exercise in a large number of healthy individuals and in cardiac patients. The monograph contains a large number of tables and graphs with the detailed results of these correlations in men and women of various ages. The authors estimate the heart volume at rest from the supine, anteroposterior, and lateral x-ray films of

TIDES IN HOOGHLY RIVER

Summary The Hooghly is a tidal river and Calcutta one of the most important ports of India is situated on it. The tidal effect stretches to over 175 miles length up to Nabadwip where two nonperennial rivers Bhagirathi and Jalangi, both taking off at different sites from the Gangesmeet and discharge their rain water (freshets) into the Hoogly all through the summer months. Other rivers join it also downstream. Annual tide tables are published for three places on the river viz Sagar, Diamond Harbour and Garden Reach. In this paper lunitidal intervals, durations of rise and fall, mean high water, mean low water, mean tide level and mean sea level planes and mean ranges have been shown to go through periodic seasonal changes. It has been shown that different tidal planes have changed differently in the intrior of the river indicating changes in tidal regimes and in the river bed. Whereas variations in yearly sea levels since 1882 have not been appreciable at Sagar, these at Garden Reach have changed considerable at indicating sometimes an improvement in the channel, other times worsening of the channel. Four 19 yearly cycles of mean sea-level at Garden Reach have been analysed to give phaselags different from Zero and large variations in amplitudes. To carry this study further one period of 19 years each for Sagar, Madras and Vishakhapatnam on East Coast and 4 periods each for Bombay and Aden in the Arabian Sea have also been analysed to see the possibility of nodal variations being constant in amplitude and phase over large areas of the ocean. 19-yearly cycles in the differences between MTL & MSL have been examined for Bombay, Madras and Garden Reach. The effects of freshets on various planes have been analysed and the curves of annual freshets and MTLs at Garden Reach are found to run closely parallel. The variations in yearly high water and law water planes above MTLs of the corresponding years after corrections for the longitude of the moons' node have been found to be inappreciable. Theoretical extreme high water and low water planes have been found to be more extreme than actually recorded planes which are very near M.H.W.S. and M.L.W.S. planes indicating there are no predominant effects of winds and storms on the tides in the river. The mean ranges at Garden Reach have been found to be steadily increasing. Theoretical effects of increase in range and lowering of MSL on MHW and MLW plane has been found to agree with actual values. Monthly average temperatures and salinities show distinct annual cycles. High temperatures occur at the same times as low salinities and high mean sea levels. Vertical density structure may be responsible for a large part of annual variation in the sea level at Sagar which is a region of particular interest on account of opposite influences of seasonal monsoons, drainage of rivers and oceanic currents. Seasonal variations in average monthly pressure have been related to variations in mean sea levels and it is found that as the pressures decrease, the height of MSL increases. Tide in Hooghly has been found to be progressive type of wave. Rates of travel of tidal streams outside Sagar and rates of streams in the river have been given also, stating the effects of freshets on tidal streams. Bores in Hooghly have been examined. Shapes of tidal curves and profile of the bore at Garden Reach have been drawn. Rates of propagation of the bore from Doodsons' formulae have been compared with actual values and a remarkable agreement has been found. The rise of tide in 10 minutes and 30 minutes which is the time taken for the steep rise to disappear has been correlated with range of tide and a useful table has been included. Tides in Hooghly are predicted by applying harmonic shallow water corrections to open sea primary predictions at Sagar. As the freshets are unpredictable an approximate relationship has been worked out between the departures of actual freshets from num freshets of the years of analyses and departures of actual from predicted tides. From a knowledge of actual freshets the predictions can be corrected almost, daily. A large number of tables and only the essential graphs have been included to illustrate the contents.

Infrared and Raman Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules.

This present volume represents the continuation of a series on Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. Illustrations have been included to make the reader visualize clearly the significance and meaning of results of the theory. A large number of tables have also been included in which theoretical results are summarized, or observed data collected, for the benefit of those carrying out research work in the field of infrared and Raman spectra or related fields.

An Astronomical Handbook for 1937

IN addition to the standard astronomical ephem-erides, such as the “Nautical Almanac”, there are published each year a few handbooks which supply, for the non-technical inquirer, astronomical tabular matter and information that is generally wanted concerning the aspects of the heavens. The 1937 edition of Flammarion's “Annuaire Astronomique” (Paris: Ernest Flammarion, 1937. 14 francs) has for some years reached the status of a modest textbook, and is an excellent example of what a nontechnical ephemeris should be. An important feature of this compilation, which runs into 450 pages, is the large number of tables and diagrams, many of them conveying at a glance some fact of astronomical or of geophysical interest. This annual handbook, which is carefully revised each year so as to include the latest observations of note, should be of real use to those requiring an elementary guide to the study of the heavens.