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Editing and the Crisis of Open Source

Editing and the Crisis of Open Source

International Symposium on Entropy at the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme (Dresden, Germany), June 25-28, 2000

first_page settings Order Article Reprints Font Type: Arial Georgia Verdana Font Size: Aa Aa Aa Line Spacing:    Column Width:    Background: Open AccessMeeting Report International Symposium on Entropy at the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme (Dresden, Germany), June 25-28, 2000 by Shu-Kun Lin Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), Matthaeusstrasse 11, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland Entropy 2000, 2(2), 78-79; https://doi.org/10.3390/e2020078 Received: 29 June 2000 / Published: 30 June 2000 Download Download PDF Download PDF with Cover Download XML Download Epub Versions Notes The International Symposium on Entropy was held at the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme (Dresden, Germany, http://www.mpipks-dresden.mpg.de/) on June 25-28, 2000. The symposium received very generous financial support from DFG (http://www.dfg.de/english/index.html) and EURANDOM (the european stochastics institute at Eindhoven, http://www.eurandom.nl/). The organizers were A. Greven (University of Erlangen-Nürnberg), G. Keller (University of Erlangen-Nürnberg) and G. Warnecke (Uni-Magdeburg.de, University of Magdeburg). There were 14 invited speakers. As the organizers have informed me that the lectures will be published as a proceedings book, only the lecture topics and the speaker names are listed here: SurveysH.O. Georgii, H. WagnerFoundations of PhysicsJ. UffinkProbability TheoryF. den Hollander, S.R.S. VaradhanErgodic TheoryM. Keane, L.-S. YoungStatistical PhysicsCh. Maes, E. OlivieriClassical ThermodynamicsJ. YngvasonContinuum MechanicsC. DafermosRational MechanicsI. MüllerQuantum EntropyF. BenattiStatistics / Information TheoryJ. RissanenI unfortunately missed all the lectures on Monday because I did not expect that traveling to Dresden by train from Basel would take more than 8 hours, and I spent all day on Monday on the train. Therefore, I will have to await a copy of the proceedings book to know what went on that day! The building of the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Dresden, where the conference was held, is not symmetric at all and it is therefore very beautiful in my opinion [1]. As an experimental chemist, I understand that symmetry is very closely related to entropy concept [1]. For example, in the fascinating lecture by Professor I. Müller given on the morning of Tuesday, June 27, a video was played where the seven hard sphere particles seek a symmetric assemblage as the most stable final structure (Professor I. Müller is well known because of his studies of extended thermodynamics). However, as can be expected, no speaker mentioned the concept symmetry at this entropy symposium. Fabio Benatti (e-mail [email protected]) gave a very good survey of quantum entropies. He clarified the concepts of quantum bits and other concepts in classical information theory (Shannon) and quantum information theory (von Neumann). I have asked Professor Benatti to contribute a review paper to our journal Entropy. I hope the proceedings book can be published soon so that a larger number of readers can enjoy these very good lectures. A poster session was on Tuesday evening. The very active and energetic lady Dr. Katalin Martinas (e-mail [email protected]), who gave a poster presentation at the conference, expressed her interest in organizing another International Symposium on Entropy in Budapest in 2002. One speaker commented that " the 20th century was lost for thermodynamics". He also commented that there are two Nobel prize winners (Onsager and Prigogine) regarding entropy concepts in the 20th century. "Onsager deserves the prize", the speaker said. A handout entitled "Aspects of Entropy" distributed at the symposium listed all kinds of entropy. This uncertainty on the concept of entropy itself is a kind of entropy and the uncertainty should be reduced. There is a lot of hard work to do regarding entropy in the 21st century. AcknowledgmentsI am very grateful to the organizers A. Greven (e-mail [email protected], University of Erlangen-Nürnberg), G. Keller (e-mail [email protected], University of Erlangen-Nürnberg) and G. Warnecke (e-mail [email protected], University of Magdeburg) for their kind support.References and NotesSymmetry is in principle ugly because entropy and symmetry have a logarithmic relation. I have given talks entitled "ugly symmetry" at many universitites and international conferences. © 2000 by MDPI (http://www.mdpi.org). Reproduction is permitted for noncommercial purposes. Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Lin, S.-K. International Symposium on Entropy at the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme (Dresden, Germany), June 25-28, 2000. Entropy 2000, 2, 78-79. https://doi.org/10.3390/e2020078 AMA Style Lin S-K. International Symposium on Entropy at the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme (Dresden, Germany), June 25-28, 2000. Entropy. 2000; 2(2):78-79. https://doi.org/10.3390/e2020078 Chicago/Turabian Style Lin, Shu-Kun. 2000. "International Symposium on Entropy at the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme (Dresden, Germany), June 25-28, 2000" Entropy 2, no. 2: 78-79. https://doi.org/10.3390/e2020078 Find Other Styles Article Metrics No No Article Access Statistics For more information on the journal statistics, click here. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.

Publishing on the net

In a mythical golden age, a biological library could take subscriptions to all the journals of interest to its users. But with the literature expanding relentlessly, this is now impossible for any but the largest establishments. Now, only the most popular journals are taken, together with a few of special relevance to the institution's researchers. For access to papers in other journals, scientists can order a photocopy from a larger library or document delivery service, which is slow, or ask the author for a reprint, which is unreliable. Recently a new option has appeared: as journals put their full contents on-line, you can simply hook up to the net and download the article. Most biology journals now use the web in some way — for example by publishing tables of contents in advance of paper publication, or by offering supplementary material. (A fairly comprehensive listing of journal web-sites is available from the WWW Virtual Library: Biosciences.) A few journals go much further, however. The on-line version of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, produced by a collaboration between the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Stanford University, has been a pioneering effort. It offers the full text and figures of the whole journal, has an attractive and functional interface, and provides cross-links to Medline and other databases. The Journal of Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acids Research and Protein Science offer similar services. The publishers of these journals are boldly advocating the web site as an alternative to the paper version of their journals, rather than using the web site as a marketing tool to sell paper subscriptions. Publishers need an income to survive though, so most of the systems demand payment for access to the text of papers. Generally, electronic access is restricted to people with a subscription; most publishers allow non-subscribers to view only sample issues. An exception is the Journal of Biological Chemistry, which is currently free in its entirety although unlikely to remain so for long. Current Biology is likewise at the forefront of biological on-line publishing. Along with its sister journals published by Current Biology Ltd and many from other publishers, it is available on-line through BioMedNet, a web site which allows all its journals to be searched simultaneously. Readers can take out an electronic subscription to a journal or pay a flat fee for access to an individual article (for Current Biology, this fee is $ 1). The hope is that if viewing a paper on-line is faster, more convenient, and cheaper than obtaining a photocopy or a reprint, large numbers of readers will use the system. The two most popular formats for electronic journal articles are HTML and PDF. Of these, PDF produces the best printed output and deals better with multiple fonts and special characters, but HTML (the format understood by web-browsers like Netscape) offers greater scope for cross-linking and is more convenient for viewing on-screen. Recently, however, Adobe has blurred these boundaries by releasing the Acrobat Amber ‘plug-in’ for Netscape, which allows PDF files to be viewed within the browser window. Reading on-screen can be uncomfortable, but print-outs of PDF files are superior to most photocopies. The biggest obstacle to widespread acceptance of electronic journals is speed: why track down a paper in thirty seconds if it then takes two hours to download? This problem will not last forever, but while transatlantic links remain slow, electronic journals need to follow the lead of software archives and provide ‘mirror’ sites in the USA and Europe. Many benefits will emerge as more journals go on-line. Literature searches will be far more flexible and sensitive than those carried out on abstracts alone. And papers will appear more quickly: for example, Current Biology's new sister journal Folding & Design appears in print just six times a year but papers are published on-line shortly after acceptance, cutting the traditional time to publication by many weeks. The biggest change will occur when it is possible to follow up citations within a paper by clicking on a link which takes you to the electronic version of the cited paper. There are still formidable obstacles to be overcome to reach this goal, but it is an attractive prospect. E-mail: [email protected] Full-text versions of existing journals. BioMedNet (including Current Biology). Journal of Biological Chemistry PDF/HTML. Journal of Molecular Biology PDF. Journal of Molecular Modelling PDF/HTML. Nucleic Acids Research PDF/HTML. Protein Science HTML. Development PDF. Immunology Today HTML. Peer-reviewed biological journals published only in electronic form. The WWW Journal of Biology Experimental Biology On-line Other sites of interest. WWW Virtual Library Adobe Acrobat Amber

Teacher‐Child Oral Reading Interactions: how do teachers typically tutor?

Abstract This paper reports the results of three studies which examine the behaviours of teachers when hearing children read. In the first study, we examine the tutoring behaviour of 55 teachers listening to 8‐14‐year‐old low progress readers. In the second study, we report results on 31 teachers listening to very low progress readers aged 9‐16 years and, in the third, we discuss the findings from 55 teachers listening to young average progress readers aged 4‐8 years. The results suggest that, for all three groups of readers, most teachers tend to respond immediately most of the time to reader errors, allowing little or no time for readers to self‐correct. Teachers tend to respond to errors with a prompt on most occasions but this is more likely with low and very low progress readers than with young, average progress readers. Relatively low rates of praise were apparent in all three groups. We also found that a large number of readers in all groups were inappropriately placed on book levels which were too...

Taxonomy and the Science Reference Library Classification

The Science Reference Library Classification was developed during the middle of the 1960s as a scheme to arrange books on the shelves of a large open‐access library integrating the whole of Science and Technology in a single collection. It is intended to help in the retrieval of information which is not indexed elsewhere, by abstracting and bibliographic services, and to make ‘browsing’ by the large number of readers (one‐third, according to the National Libraries Committee report) who enter the library without a specific reference in mind as fruitful as possible.

The Unreality of Realism

As an author who writes poetry, short stories, and novels with equal intensity, I find myself acutely aware of how different is the path taken by each of the three modes, not primarily because each makes such different demands upon the writer but because the demands of each upon its readers are so fundamentally different. Fiction has the largest number of readers, and poetry the smallest; intuition would lead one to predict that readers, therefore, have the most difficult time with poetry. This is, however, simply not true. Perhaps because no one really expects to understand a poem fully, depending as it does upon fluid and always partially obscure associative processes, the poet and the poem suffer far less from the forced marches of critics. Critics of lyric poetry tend to be highly impressionistic and habitually speak of poetry which they like as teetering wildly on the edge which divides the audience and the performer, as the senses, taking great risks and, finally, expanding the boundaries of human experience. elucidations, which were offered upon the publication of Granite Lady (New York, 1975), were pleasant, even heady, but what did they mean? They were, in their own way, no more comprehensible and no more disquieting than utterances like these: Although these poems sometimes lack the electrifying disturbance of Sylvia Plath, they offer other rewards and resonances, or, These poems fail, finally, because they do not confront the pressing issues which should be relevant to all intelligent women of our time. Evident in these comments is a shameless subjectivity which, in the language of poetry criticism, is sought after, cultivated, and admired. It is often impossible to know whether a reader of poetry under-

Mathilde Anneke's Stories of Slavery in the German-American Press

German-Americans of nineteenth century, obviously reached a considerably larger number of readers than any fiction in book form. Labeled and categorized as trivial literature, lacking esthetic standards that warrant scholarly investigation, newspaper stories have rarely attracted literary historians. Yet, I fully agree with Peter Merrill who points to the importance of newspaper research for study of German-American belletristic prose, and relevance of current research on serialized novel to German-American studies.' For authors of newspaper stories, their writings fulfilled a dual purpose: they offered entertainment and they provided propaganda for political purposes. With arrival of Forty-eighters in America, a sudden and tremendous growth of German newspapers in United States occurred. The German Forty-eighters were refugees of unsuccessful revolution of 1848-49 which attempted to throw off yoke of feudalism and establish liberty, equality, and justice for all. A large number of Forty-eighters consisted of liberal intellectuals, lawyers, doctors, teachers, and officers. Many of them turned to journalism with hope of keeping spirit of revolution alive in both old country and in new homeland. After their arrival in United States, they soon recognized inconsistency between American dream of liberty and justice for all, and realities of social and political life. Many writers made it their objective to crusade against social injustices in this country, particularly against slavery, just as they previously fought against privileges of aristocracy and against oppression of common man. The overwhelming majority of writers depicted slavery as an evil, with intention of drawing sympathies of reader to side of slaves and raising sympathies of their fellow countrymen for abolition. It is, therefore, not surprising that most passionate German writings MELUS, Volume 6, No. 4, Winter 1979

The Foundations of Acoustics

Eugen Skudrzyk Berlin: Springer 1972 pp xxviii + 790 price $1635 This book contains a vast amount of information and will be extremely valuable as a compact, if not small, source book for a large number of readers. For nonspecialists or those beginning work in acoustics, the book begins with a comprehensive account of mathematical techniques including contour integration, Fourier analysis, Laplace and other transforms and correlation analysis.

A Comparison of Two Methods of Reading Essay Examinations

The study reported here was designed to explore in detail the relationships within and between readings of Advanced Placement American history papers (CEEB, 1966) when both analytical and holistic methods of reading were used. Ideally, it would have been desirable to have a large number of readers and a large number of papers. The field situation did not permit this. Readers had been engaged for a limited period of time, and the operational reading had to be completed. It was possible, however, to conduct a small study using the four readers assigned to the reading of one of the questions in Form LBP of the examination. The investigators were interested in exploring as many aspects of the relationships as possible, and as the planning developed it became clear that with only four readers there would be difficulties in achieving a single design which would provide the information sought. They finally decided to run two experiments in an interleaved design as set forth in Table 1. One hundred twenty papers were selected for the experiments and divided into eight groups of 15 papers each, designated by the letters A-H in Table i. Groups A-D were assigned to Experiment

On the Construction of Sequence Spaces that have Schauder Bases

It is known that every Banach space which possesses a Schauder basis is essentially a space of sequences (6, Section 11.4). The primary objectives of this paper are: (1) to illustrate the close connection between sectionally bounded BK spaces and Banach spaces which have a Schauder basis, and (2) to consider some results in these theories in such a way as to render them easy and natural. In order to reach the largest number of readers we shall use (6) as the sole basis of our discussion. References to other authors are made in order to direct the reader to the original source of a theorem or to a related discussion.

” A Treatment of Modern Physics”

UNDER the above title, E. N. da C. A., in NATURE of June 13, has subjected my co-worker, Mr. N. K. Saha and myself, to a vigorous strafing for writing ” A Treatise on Modern Physics”, Vol. 1, published by the Indian Press of Calcutta and Allahabad. In fairness to the large number of readers (not merely Indian) who, between the publication of the book in November, 1934, and its review in NATURE, have wasted, according to the reviewer, thirty shillings on a book advocating a ” method of teaching” which he holds ” to be pernicious”, I, as the senior author, seek permission to publish the following apologia in NATURE.

Celtic Folk-lore, Welsh and Manx

PROF. RHYS has done well to republish, in these two handsome volumes, the collections of Celtic Folk-lore contributed by him to the pages of Y Cymmrodor and the Transactions of the Folk-lore Society. For not only are they thus rendered accessible to a larger number of readers, but he has enriched them with considerable additions, and a valuable commentary. Had he seen his way to recast the original articles, with a view to a more complete classification of their contents, it would have avoided some repetition, and would have set the relations of the various tales in a clearer light. But we must be grateful for the work in its present form. To recast the articles would have been a troublesome process, and perhaps no classification would have been entirely satisfactory. Moreover, we should certainly have missed in any such rearrangement much of the genial charm of the collections as they first came from his pen, derived from the personal narrative of the collector. To a large number of his readers this would have been a sacrifice they might not be willing to make, even for the sake of theoretical order. When, however, the severely virtuous student, who, intent only on what he is to learn, would have preferred to make this or any other sacrifice, has calmed, his ruffled feelings and settled down to his task of learning, he will speedily realise how important a contribution to anthropology, and in particular to Celtic archaeology, he has before him. Celtic Folk-lore, Welsh and Manx. By John Rhys of the University of Edinburgh, Professor of Celtic, Principal of Jesus College, Oxford. 2 vols., paged consecutively. Pp. xlviii + 718. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901.) Price 21s.

The Latest Text-Book of Geology

IT goes very much against the grain, for it savours of ingratitude, to begin by picking holes in a book that has been a trusted companion, that has proved itself worthy of trust, and to which I have been so largely indebted, as the volume before me. But the strictures I feel bound to make are not very severe, and the blots I cannot help noticing do not impair seriously the value of the work—do not, indeed, detract at all from its usefulness in the case of a large number of readers. Text-Book of Geology. By Sir Archibald Geikie, Director-General of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and Ireland. Third Edition, revised and enlarged. (London: Macmillan and Co., 1893.)

The Handy Natural History

MR. Wood is so well and so widely known for his many popular books on natural history, that the present one is sure to be welcomed by a large number of readers. The illustrations as a rule are most excellent, and care has been taken to make the text as simple as possible for even juvenile readers. The chapter on the monkey tribe is one of the longest and most interesting in the book. Mr. Wood is very careful to state in his first page that between the lower animals and man there is a great gulf fixed which neither can pass. Mr. Wood does not seem to see that the question which has been widely ventilated of late years is not whether there is a great gulf now, but whether there was originally any gulf at all. It is not necessary that this question should be discussed in a book intended chiefly for juvenile readers; but in the absence of a discussion, the statement to which we refer is one which had better not have been made.