Large Number Of Families Research Articles

Main channels and consequences of the influence of war on educational inequality in society

A new, difficult and tragic research page is opening in domestic sociology – a detailed study of the effects of the Russian-Ukrainian war on all spheres of life of Ukrainian society, its social structure, institutional transformations, economic capabilities, political organization, as well as the daily life of citizens. An integral component of both the institutional structure of society and the everyday life of citizens is the sphere of education with its inherent and constantly reproduced educational inequality. A large-scale war has the potential to quickly and for a long period of time disrupt social order and change established patterns of social inequality in society, particularly in education, unevenly distributing stratified negative effects. With the beginning of large-scale hostilities, the educational infrastructure of Ukraine has suffered almost the greatest destruction since the Second World War. Schools and preschool education institutions have suffered the greatest damage and destruction. A large number of families with their children have been forced to move internally or externally, thus temporarily interrupting the opportunities for children’s education. The article summarizes the results of research in various countries that have experienced short or long-term periods of international or civil wars, which made it possible to identify the main channels of the war’s impact on educational inequality and the corresponding short- and long-term effects of the war. Seven main direct and indirect channels of the war’s impact on educational inequality have been identified, including the destruction of educational infrastructure; lack of teachers due to internal and external displacement, recruitment into the army or death; reduction of state expenditures on education; movement of a large number of adults and children; redistribution of power and wealth in society; the growth of poverty, the reassessment and change of priorities regarding education within the family; deterioration of children’s physical and mental health, malnutrition, stress, trauma, feeling of insecurity. Short- and longterm effects on the educational achievements of children are formed through channels of influence, which take the form of stratified educational losses, a decrease in family expenditures on education, as well as losses in the future lifetime income of individuals.

Molecular analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in La Rioja (Spain): five new variants.

To study BRCA1/2 gene variants in La Rioja in the northcentral area of Spain. We performed a molecular analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in 642 individuals from 427 different families from June 2008 to December 2019. We identified 71 families with pathogenic variants in these genes, 32 families with BRCA1 variants and 39 families with BRCA2 variants. The pathogenic variants c.959delG in BRCA1 and c.1363_1369delTCAGAGA, c.1397dupA, c.4234_4236delACTinsC and c.8387delC in BRCA2 have not been previously described. The c.81-2A > T variant in BRCA1, detected in two unrelated families, has not been reported previously in the Spanish population. Two large genomic deletions were found in the BRCA1 gene in exons (Ex) 23-24 and Ex1A-1B-2, and one deletion was found in the BRCA2 gene in Ex2. The pathogenic variant c.5123C > A in BRCA1 was detected in 8 unrelated families and was the most frequent pathogenic variant in our population. The c.6024dupG mutation in BRCA2 was detected in 6 unrelated families; the c.2808_2011delACAA mutation in BRCA2 was found in 5 different families; the c.211A > G mutation in BRCA1 was found in three different families; and the c.68_69delAG, c81-2A > T, c.4038_4039delAA, and c.5266dupC variants in BRCA1 and the c.2457delA, c.2701delC, c.5116_5119delAATA, c.6275delTT, c.7558C > T and c.7617 + 1G > A variants in BRCA2 were found in two different families. The spectrum of pathogenic variants in the BRCA1/2 genes in La Rioja is similar to that in other Spanish regions, with some unique characteristics. The pathogenic c.6024dupG variant in the BRCA2 gene was detected in a large number of families and could have a founding effect in the Ebro riverside areas in the regions of La Rioja and Navarra. Not applicable.

Institutions and their failure to care: Bureaucracy and the practice of emotion

Any study of radical care needs to pay attention to the institution as a place of care. Yet, institutions have been more readily associated with failures of care than successes. We undertake close reading of the Ockenden Review of maternity services in a National Health Service hospital trust in England, concerning a large number of families that received inadequate care during pregnancy and birth, including investigations of adverse outcomes such as deaths of babies and mothers. We argue that to enable better care in the institution requires a close attention to its institutional nature, particularly its scale, bureaucratic mode and functions, and the professional identities that work within it, and the ways they shape the practice of emotion.

Stunting case based on the character of the settlement area in Mantuil Banjarmasin

Ensuring adequate nutrition through a balanced and healthy diet is essential to maintaining overall health. Maintaining adequate nutrition remains the main priority of the Banjarmasin City Government, especially in remote areas of Mantuil District which has the highest prevalence of stunted children in Banjarmasin. This research aims to determine the prevalence of stunting cases in Mantuil District using a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The research results found that stunting cases in Mantuil District occurred more frequently in riverbank settlements due to sanitation problems, uninhabitable housing and large numbers of families in one house. This research also found that unhealthy residential conditions, low public awareness about stunting, unclean lifestyles also contribute to the prevalence of stunting cases.

Drinking Water Source in India: A Spatial Analysis

The study's main focus is on analyzing the geographical distribution and trends of India's primary drinking water sources. This study is based on secondary data acquired from the NSS 76th cycle, July 2018–December 2018, NSS Report No-584, Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Housing Conditions in India. According to an examination of access to the primary sources of drinking water in India, tap water is available to nearly 44% of households, followed by handpump/tubewell (41%), other sources (8%), and bottled water (7%). Goa has the largest number of families, around 97%, that have access to tap water as their primary source of drinking water. In terms of Union Territories, Chandigarh ranks top with 100% tap water availability for all homes. As far as the urban India scenario is concerned, 65 percent of families in urban areas have access to clean drinking water from taps. Mizoram leads all states (almost 99 percent) in terms of tap water access to homes as the primary source of drinking water in urban India. Whereas Bihar (almost 20%) occupies the bottom rank among the states in the specific category

DESIGN OF QUICK-ASSEMBLY MODULAR BUILDINGS FOR THE NEEDS OF UKRAINIAN DISPLACED PERSONS

Problem statement. From time to time, natural or man-made disasters (floods, fires) occur in various parts of the world, during which residential and infrastructure objects are completely or partially destroyed. Due to the destruction of houses, detached or multi-storey, as a result of hostilities, people are forced to leave their destroyed buildings and look for temporary accommodation. Unfortunately, due to the open military aggression of the Russian Federation that began in February 2014 on the territory of the Republic of Crimea and the Donetsk and Luhansk regions and the second, more intensive phase of military operations from February 2022 on the territory of ten regions of Ukraine (Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, Kherson, Mykolaiv, Kharkiv, Sumy, Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Kyiv regions). In the territory of the specified regions, during the hostilities, the housing stock of some cities and villages suffered significant destruction (Mariupol, Irpin, Gostomel, Bucha), in addition, there are a large number of families who are forced migrants fleeing from the temporarily occupied territories. At present, it is important to design a separate residential modular building from the available building materials on the Ukrainian market and in accordance with current building, climatological and sanitary norms of Ukraine. The aim of this work is to design an economical autonomous modular building from publicly available building materials, which will meet state building standards for reliability, energy efficiency and sanitation. Conclusions. A modular building has been designed that meets all the necessary modern reliability criteria. Local public building materials are used for the construction of the building, which significantly reduces the total cost. The construction of the house is made in factory conditions, and the erection is carried out on site within 2 days. The building is designed to be collapsible, which allows it to be moved for repeated use. The cost of a modular house is UAH 146,808. (as of May 2022). The low cost of construction is relevant in the period of weakening of the economic capacities of the state.

Plant diversity of Ghogha coastal area, dist. Bhavnagar

This paper focuses on the advances made in taxonomical distribution and environmental studies on plant diversity in Ghogha Coastal area of district Bhavnagar in state of Gujarat. The plant diversity of Gujarat is quantitatively and qualitatively rich as it has large number of families, genera and species. Total number of 54 plant species recorded in selected area under study is comprised of three subclasses polypetalae, gamopetalae and monochlamydae. Subclass polypetalae represented 23 species belonging to 18 genera from 13 families, were subclass gamopetalae represented 08 species belonging to 06 genera from 06 families and 08 species belonging to 07 genera from 05 families were fit in subclass monochlamydae. Dicots were dominating over monocot in all levels and the ratio of Monocot and Dicots are 1:6, 1:2.8, 1: 2.6 at family, genus and species level respectively. Studies on distribution, abundance of plants, and the factors governing them are few and need to be taken up on priority to have a baseline data.

Update of penetrance estimates in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome

BackgroundBirt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome caused by pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants in the FLCN gene. Patients with BHD syndrome have an increased risk of fibrofolliculomas,...

Whole-genome sequencing analysis in families with recurrent pregnancy loss: A pilot study.

One to two percent of couples suffer recurrent pregnancy loss and over 50% of the cases are unexplained. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis has the potential to identify previously unrecognized causes of pregnancy loss, but few studies have been performed, and none have included DNA from families including parents, losses, and live births. We conducted a pilot WGS study in three families with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss, including parents, healthy live births, and losses, which included an embryonic loss (<10 weeks' gestation), fetal deaths (10-20 weeks' gestation) and stillbirths (≥ 20 weeks' gestation). We used the Illumina platform for WGS and state-of-the-art protocols to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) following various modes of inheritance. We identified 87 SNVs involving 75 genes in embryonic loss (n = 1), 370 SNVs involving 228 genes in fetal death (n = 3), and 122 SNVs involving 122 genes in stillbirth (n = 2). Of these, 22 de novo, 6 inherited autosomal dominant and an X-linked recessive SNVs were pathogenic (probability of being loss-of-function intolerant >0.9), impacting known genes (e.g., DICER1, FBN2, FLT4, HERC1, and TAOK1) involved in embryonic/fetal development and congenital abnormalities. Further, we identified inherited missense compound heterozygous SNVs impacting genes (e.g., VWA5B2) in two fetal death samples. The variants were not identified as compound heterozygous SNVs in live births and population controls, providing evidence for haplosufficient genes relevant to pregnancy loss. In this pilot study, we provide evidence for de novo and inherited SNVs relevant to pregnancy loss. Our findings provide justification for conducting WGS using larger numbers of families and warrant validation by targeted sequencing to ascertain causal variants. Elucidating genes causing pregnancy loss may facilitate the development of risk stratification strategies and novel therapeutics.

Socially-driven risk in a town of the Amazon coastal zone: the case of Vigia de Nazaré, in Pará state, Brazil

Vigia de Nazaré is a town located in the northeastern extreme of the Brazilian state of Pará, in the Pará Coastal Zone, a sub-region of the Amazon Coastal Zone. The town sits on the lower levels of the region’s terraces, and on fluviomarine plains. The different stages of its sociospatial evolution reflect the problem analyzed here, in particular, the occupation and urban development of the fluvial-marine plains, which was occupied spontaneously by large numbers of families, most of which are socially vulnerable. The present study investigated the physical and social processes that led this urban space’s vulnerability to hydrometeorological hazards, based on an integrated historical-geographic approach and the inherent precariousness of the environment. The data analysis revealed high levels of annual precipitation in the region, with a well-defined rainy season between January and May (mean monthly precipitation of over 300 mm), in an environment dominated by semidiurnal macro tides with amplitudes of up to 4.5 meters. In 2022, the high tide reached at least 4.2 meters in 60 occasions — the level of alert for possible rainfall-induced tidal surges. The recent occupation of the urban zone is concentrated on the low-lying areas of the fluviomarine plain, which recently account for one-third of the urban center. These areas are exposed to the hydrological dynamics of the local estuarine environment, which result in environmental degradation and hydro-morphodynamic processes alteration.

Social protection of fathers in multiple-child families

Statistics show that the number of large families in Russian Federation is not decreasing. The state takes sufficient measures to support such families. The status of a father with many children is also being transformed. Fathers with many children today have begun to assert their rights more, which inevitably leads to the need for their revision. This determines the relevance of this study. The article analyzes sociological studies of multiple-child families from the point of view of their property status, the ability to work, improve their qualifications and career opportunities. The opinion of large families themselves about the problems they have to face with is studied. The status of a father with many children is studied in the context of his labor rights. According to the results of the study, some measures are proposed to further protect of fathers’ with many children labor rights. The study is applicable to the demographic policy of Russia.

From Pin Money Workers to Essential Workers: Lessons About Women's Employment and the COVID-19 Pandemic From the Great Depression and the Great Recession

This Article argues that inaccurate ideas about women and work during economic downturns, including misconceptions about which women work and how they work, lead to inadequate policy responses and ultimately hurt working women. New Deal-era federal women’s aid programs, designed around an artificial picture of the average working woman, did not provide the same robust level of jobs support that men’s programs provided. Similarly, the major federal stimulus package during the Great Recession invested in male-majority industries but failed to invest in&nbsp;industries dependent upon women’s labor, in part because of the misconception that working women were already “winning” the jobs race. Framing the average working woman during the pandemic recession as a remote worker in a two-income household has the potential to steer federal policy away from avenues that would help the majority of women workers who are not remote workers in two-income households. Recovery efforts during the Great Depression and the Great Recession were gender-informed and effective, but biased toward men. These recovery efforts were concentrated in male-majority industries and consequently led to men’s employment recovering long before women’s employment did. Because pandemic-related job losses have been so unevenly borne by women, gender-informed recovery policies are not only justifiable, but necessary to achieve equitable recovery.This Article also questions the speculation, articulated in an influential paper by a group of economists, that the COVID-19 pandemic will accelerate changing social norms and lead to greater gender parity by increasing the number of people who are accustomed to working remotely and driving men to take on additional childcare responsibilities. The conditions following theGreat Depression and the Great Recession were more conducive to changing gender norms and expectations because both events disrupted traditional male-breadwinner models of the family and resulted in large numbers of families in which the woman was employed and the man unemployed. But neither resulted in lasting improvements in gender equity in the home or at work. Both events were followed by a reactionary impulse to return to a traditionally gendered view of the organization of labor. The pandemic recession does not present the opportunity to disrupt gender norms by creating more households headed by women breadwinners, yet&nbsp;the risk of a conservative reversion to more traditionally gendered norms is still present.

Estimates of heritability and genetic correlation for growth traits at harvest in redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus

The current study assessed genetic parameters of three growth traits in redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, including body weight (BW), body length (BL) and carapace length (CL), and explored how the number of families affected the heritability estimates of these traits. A total of 350 families were produced, and seven family levels containing 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 families respectively were designed. After a 170 d communally rearing period for 350 families, males had significantly higher BW and BL averages (P < 0.001), but significantly lower CL average than females (P < 0.001). Heritability estimates of BW, BL and CL based on 350 families were 0.138 ± 0.051, 0.123 ± 0.048 and 0.073 ± 0.035, with common environmental effects of 0.049 ± 0.024, 0.053 ± 0.023 and 0.039 ± 0.017, respectively. There were strong positive genetic correlations (0.863 ± 0.089–0.970 ± 0.028) between these growth traits. Among different family levels, heritability estimates ranged from 0.030 ± 0.090 to 0.138 ± 0.051, 0.010 ± 0.091 to 0.123 ± 0.048, and 0 to 0.073 ± 0.035, and common environmental effects ranged from 0.045 ± 0.101 to 0.092 ± 0.046, 0.053 ± 0.023 to 0.100 ± 0.047, and 0.038 ± 0.043 to 0.062 ± 0.033, for BW, BL and CL, respectively. Only heritability estimates of BW and BL based on 300 and 350 families, and that of CL based on 350 families, were significantly different from zero (P < 0.05), which suggested that larger numbers of families could contribute to more accurate estimation of heritability. The results indicate that there exists some genetic variation for our selection population to improve growth in C. quadricarinatus. However, the future program for redclaw crayfish needs to include crossing with outside stocks to replenish genetic variation of selection population.

Large Families in a Risk Society: from Normativity to Deviance

The article examines the phenomenon of large families from the perspective of modernity, namely the transition of large families from the position of establishing social order, from the position of normativity to the position of deviation and the gradual reduction of this type of family. The theoretical basis of the work is the theory of social systems by Niklas Luhmann, which is used to analyze the large family as an element of the "family" system, as a process of communication "before" and "after", as an independent system. It is emphasized that a large family can be considered as a self-referential, autopoietic system. It is noted that communication is an operation of the social system. In view of the latter, the empirical part of the article analyzes the results of the sociological study "Modern Kharkiv Family in the Dimension of Sociology" conducted in May-July 2020 by the staff of the Faculty of Sociology of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Particular attention is paid to the processes of internal and external communication of representatives of large families. Based on the analysis of empirical information, it is proved that in a modern risk society, such as Ukrainian society, large families are an element of social risk. The author concludes that there is a possibility of a decrease in the number of large families, which will undoubtedly affect the deterioration of the already difficult demographic situation in modern Ukrainian society. The author identifies areas for further research and publications on the selected issues.

The Role of Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Functional Dyspepsia: A Review.

Functional dyspepsia is a clinically common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a high prevalence, high impact and high consumption of medical resources. The microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract is a large number of families and is one of the most complex microbial reservoirs in the human body. An increasing number of studies have confirmed the close association between dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and the occurrence and progression of functional dyspepsia. Therefore, we reviewed the role of dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota, H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal microbiota metabolites in functional dyspepsia, focusing on the possible mechanisms by which dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. Several studies have confirmed that dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota may cause the occurrence and progression of functional dyspepsia by disrupting the biological barrier of the intestinal mucosa, by disturbing the immune function of the intestinal mucosa, or by causing dysregulation of the microbial-gut-brain axis. Probiotics and antibiotics have also been chosen to treat functional dyspepsia in clinical studies and have shown some improvement in the clinical symptoms. However, more studies are needed to explore and confirm the relationship between dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and the occurrence and progression of functional dyspepsia, and more clinical studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of microbiota modulation for functional dyspepsia.

Recommandations HAS et conséquences sur la formation des professionnels

The recommendations of the “Haute Autorité de santé” about the reeducation and rehabilitation of the motor function of the musculoskeletal system of people diagnosed with cerebral palsy published in December 2021 were awaited by all professionals interested in this pathology as well as a large number of families. They lead us to reflect on the place of professional training, the message it conveys and its necessary evolution in terms of content and teaching methods. The central question is to wonder about the representation of the competent professional that we wish to target.

Socio-Economic Culture of Backward Communities: An Educational Achievement of Dalit Students

The Dalit community is a backward class, due to socio-economic and educational reasons. To providing equal opportunities in education but the problems also rised, if is not done, it will be difficult to achieving educational goals and opportunity of social change. Increasing the economic access of the Dalit community will lead to participation in development and inclusion of their children in education. The problems are expressed by educational progress of Dalit students due to Poverty, lack of consciousness, large number of families, landlessness, unemployment, lack of educational scholarships, lack of agricultural and business loans, lack of schools near slums, high fees, inferiority complex, traditional social norms, discrimination against children, wasteful spending, relocation and falling mentality. Due to this, governmental and non-governmental organizations have helped to Dalit parents in their economic and social development through Dalit oriented programs. The enrollment rate of basic level is 92% as per the national policy of the government and 8% of children are out of school according to government statistics and 25% out of school according to non-government data, the challenges of educational progress of Dalit children are still acute.

Identification of Germline Mutations in Genes Involved in Classic FAP in Patients from Northern Brazil.

Colorectal cancer is a common cancer worldwide, with 5-10% of cases being hereditary. Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAP) is caused by germline mutations in the APC gene or rarely in the MUTYH gene. This work did not identify germline mutations in the MUTYH, NTHL1, POLD1 and POLE genes in 15 individuals belonging to five families with classic FAP, who had the mutation in the APC gene confirmed in a previous study. Our results support mutations in the APC gene as the main genetic contribution of classical FAP with severe phenotype. In the family that had the most aggressive form of the disease, we performed an array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization analysis and identified the germinal loss of an allele of the NOTCH2 and BMPR2 genes in the mother (proband) and daughter. In order to validate the involvement of these genes in the other four families of this study, we analyzed the DNA copy number variation in the peripheral blood of the 15 participants. FAP is a syndrome with considerable genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity and this phenomenon may explain the presence of secondary genetic alterations, such as the allelic loss of NOTCH2 and BMPR2 genes, found only in one family in this study. The CNV analysis confirmed that only the two members of the FAP2 family (patient 02H and 02F) had a deletion of these two genes, as the aCGH methodology had found. The other study participants did not show allelic loss for these two genes. Validation in a larger number of families could confirm the presence of these new genetic alterations in classic FAP and improve understanding of the different types of aggressiveness of the disease.

Ketahanan pangan sebagai deteminan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 2-3 tahun di Kabupaten Ciamis-Jawa Barat

Determinant of stunting in children 2-3 aged years in Ciamis District West Java ProvinceBackground: The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still high (at 37,2%), while in the province of West Java is at 35,8%. Household food security is one of the indirect causes of the nutritional problems. Aspects of food security in the form of food availability and access to food are related in a household that affects the aspect of the level of food consumption in every household or individual that is not being met. Objective: The study aims to analyze whether household food security was the determinant of stunting in children aged 2-3 years in Ciamis Districts. Methods: This was an observational study with a case-control design. Subjects in this research are households. Information from a total of 349 households, i.e. 168 had stunted and 181 without stunted children, were collected. Respondents consisted of mothers, fathers, and children aged 2-3 years in Ciamis District. Subjects were selected using quota sampling. Data were analyzed using t-test and logistic regression. Results: Food availability, food access, energy, and protein consumption were not associated with stunting (p&gt;0,05). There were significant differences between the average height (Z-score) of children based on the father's height, the mother's height, and the mother's education level (p&lt;0,05). Breastfeeding, initial formula feeding, father's education level, and a large number of families were not associated with stunting (p&gt; 0,05). Conclusion: This study observed that household food security was not the determinant of stunting. After controlling for potential confounders, the children's heights were independently associated with parental heights and maternal education.

Роль родительского внимания в формировании личности ребенка школьного возраста

Researched is the theme of influence of various factors on the formation of children's personality. The most important one of them are parents, their attention, and attitude towards a child. This study aims to assess the current situation of child-parent relationships, their importance, as well as the importance of school in a child’s personality formation. The study was conducted with the help of an interview with 90 schoolchildren from Kemerovo, Russia. For the convenience of the analysis, the children were divided into three groups: (1) 8–10 years old; (2) 11–14 years old; (3) 15–16 years old. There were 30 people in each age group. The results confirmed the opinions of other scientists and concepts that parental attention, care, and child-parent relationships in general are critical for the personality formation in children aged 8–16. There is a large number of families where there are some kind of problems in the relationship between children and their parents. The issue of lack of attention is most acute in incomplete as well as in dysfunctional families. The importance of parental attention decreases somewhat with age, but it remains a key factor in the formation of a child’s personality. This article is a contribution to the study of the psychology of parent-child relationships and their impact on the subsequent life of a person. This article may be of interest to teachers, psychologists, parents, and a wide range of people interested in the problem of child-parent relationships and the formation of a child's personality.