Large Movements Research Articles

Multifunctional Iontronic Sensor Based on Liquid Metal-Filled Ho llow Ionogel Fibers in Detecting Pressure, Temperature, and Proximity.

Fiber-based pressure/temperature sensors are highly desired in wearable electronics because of their natural advantages of good breathability and easy integrability. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate reliable and highly sensitive fiber-based pressure/temperature sensors via a scalable and facile strategy. Herein, a novel fiber-based iontronic sensor with excellent pressure- and temperature-sensing capabilities is designed by assembling two crossed hollow and porous ionogel fibers filled with liquid metal. Serving as a pressure sensor, a high detection resolution (1.16 Pa), a high sensitivity of 13.30 kPa-1 (0-2 kPa), and a wide detection range (∼207 kPa) are realized owing to its novel hierarchical structure and the selection of deformable liquid electrodes. As a temperature sensor, it exhibits a high temperature sensitivity of 25.99% °C-1 (35-40 °C), high resolution of 0.02 °C, and good repeatability and reliability. On the basis of these excellent sensing capabilities, the as-prepared sensor can detect not only pressure signals varied from weak pulse to large joint movements but also the proximity of different objects. Furthermore, a large-area fiber array can be easily woven for acquiring the pressure mapping to intuitively distinguish the location, magnitude, and shape of the loaded object. This work provides a universal strategy to design fiber-shaped iontronic sensors for wearable electronics.

Phoxonic bandgap modulation in optomechanical crystals with shifting hole

Optomechanical crystals (OMCs) control light and mechanical vibrations by simultaneously presenting photonic and phononic bandgaps. Tuning the position of these bandgaps is essential to address different technological applications. In this study, we present a one-dimensional OMC with wings and a hole whose position is shifting sideways. Simulations of the photonic and phononic band diagrams show that the hole shift effectively controls the width and position of the band gaps. Furthermore, the hole shift also opens new photonic bandgaps that extend the frequency range with full photonic bandgaps. The width of the phononic bandgap is maximum for a hole shift to be 42% wider than without a hole shift. Despite large band movements induced by the hole shift, the average displacement is null, which means that the hole shift does not impact the photon and phonon density of states (DOS). These results can be used to optimize the design of optomechanical cavities for specific frequency range applications.

Jump Diffusion Approximation for the Price Dynamics of a Fully State Dependent Limit Order Book Model

We study a microscopic limit order book model, in which the order dynamics depend on the current best bid and ask price and the current volume density functions, simultaneously, and derive its macroscopic high-frequency dynamics. As opposed to the existing literature on scaling limits for limit order book models, we include price changes which do not scale with the tick size in our model to account for large price movement, for example, being triggered by highly unforeseen events. Our main result states that, when the size of an individual limit order and the tick size tend to zero, while the order arrival rate tends to infinity, the microscopic limit order book model dynamics converge to two one dimensional jump diffusion processes describing the prices coupled with two infinite dimensional fluid processes describing the standing volumes at the buy and sell side.

Unique interface and dynamics of the complex of HSP90 with a specialized cochaperone AIPL1

Photoreceptor phosphodiesterase PDE6 is central for visual signal transduction. Maturation of PDE6 depends on a specialized chaperone complex of HSP90 with aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1). Disruption of PDE6 maturation underlies a severe form of retina degeneration. Here, we report a 3.9Å cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the complex of HSP90 with AIPL1. This structure reveals a unique interaction of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP)-like domain of AIPL1 with HSP90 at its dimer interface. Unusually, the N terminus AIPL1 inserts into the HSP90 lumen in a manner that was observed previously for HSP90 clients. Deletion of the 7 N-terminal residues of AIPL1 decreased its ability to cochaperone PDE6. Multi-body refinement of the cryo-EM data indicated large swing-like movements of AIPL1-FKBP. Modeling the complex of HSP90 with AIPL1 using crosslinking constraints indicated proximity of the mobile tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain with the C-terminal domain of HSP90. Our study establishes a framework for future structural studies of PDE6 maturation.

The surface‐reconstruction virtual‐region mesh update method for problems with topology changes

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a novel boundary‐conforming mesh‐update method that is particularly designed for problems with large boundary displacements and topology changes. This method, which we call the surface‐reconstruction virtual‐region mesh update method, integrates the virtual region approach and a surface reconstruction process to handle complex boundary movements. The virtual region approach allows having an activated and deactivated part of the mesh, where elements can freely enter or leave the activated domain. Furthermore, the surface reconstruction ensures boundary conformity of the activated domain. The robustness of the proposed method is shown in two numerical examples: a variation of the benchmark Poiseuille flow, and the flow simulation during a closing diaphragm valve. In particular, the diaphragm valve simulation includes large boundary movement, complex geometry, and closing motion. For this case, both steady and transient simulation results at different closing conditions are presented.

Customizable, reconfigurable, and anatomically coordinated large-area, high-density electromyography from drawn-on-skin electrode arrays.

Accurate anatomical matching for patient-specific electromyographic (EMG) mapping is crucial yet technically challenging in various medical disciplines. The fixed electrode construction of multielectrode arrays (MEAs) makes it nearly impossible to match an individual's unique muscle anatomy. This mismatch between the MEAs and target muscles leads to missing relevant muscle activity, highly redundant data, complicated electrode placement optimization, and inaccuracies in classification algorithms. Here, we present customizable and reconfigurable drawn-on-skin (DoS) MEAs as the first demonstration of high-density EMG mapping from in situ-fabricated electrodes with tunable configurations adapted to subject-specific muscle anatomy. The DoS MEAs show uniform electrical properties and can map EMG activity with high fidelity under skin deformation-induced motion, which stems from the unique and robust skin-electrode interface. They can be used to localize innervation zones (IZs), detect motor unit propagation, and capture EMG signals with consistent quality during large muscle movements. Reconfiguring the electrode arrangement of DoS MEAs to match and extend the coverage of the forearm flexors enables localization of the muscle activity and prevents missed information such as IZs. In addition, DoS MEAs customized to the specific anatomy of subjects produce highly informative data, leading to accurate finger gesture detection and prosthetic control compared with conventional technology.

Investigating the Factors Related to the Development of Children in Southern Iran

Introduction: Given that the evolution of various mental aspects, includes. Therefore, screening for the developmental status of children can prevent significant complications and disorders. Therefore, we decided to examine the developmental status of children in Hormozgan province based on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ).
 Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed by cross-sectional method in December 1997 in health units of Hormozgan province. Based on cluster random sampling, the names of 2260 children aged 60 months (3 to 5 years) were extracted through the integrated health system. Data collection tool was ASQ questionnaire which was used to assess the development of children in the five areas of communication, large movements, fine movements, problem solving and social personality. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and statistical tests, analysis of variance, chi-square, mean indices, standard deviation and frequency percentage.(p<0.05)
 Results: The mean age of the children in the study was 3.14 ± 2.3 Out of 2260 children, 1036 (45.8%) were girls and 1224 (54.2%) were boys. In terms of communication 1.5%, fine movements 2%, 4.5% large movements, 3% problem solving and social personality 4% were abnormal.
 Conclusion: The results showed that despite the normal development in most children, a number of children had developmental disorders in at least one area. Therefore, the need for programs to deal with related risk factors and continuous follow-up in terms of the development of these areas is essential to prevent future complications.

New geochronological and provenance constraints on the Late Mesozoic sedimentary formations in the western Shandong Province and Tanlu fault zone, China

We present new LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon U-Pb age and trace element data of the Late Mesozoic sedimentary sequences from the western Shandong and Tanlu fault zone, with the aim to constrain the depositional ages and sedimentary sources. The samples from the western Shandong have similar U-Pb age spectra, which can be divided into three major age groups, peaking age at circa 2,475–2,540 Ma, 1820–1870 Ma and 257–285 Ma, with minor Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic detrital zircon grains. The sample JN recovered from the Tanlu fault zone has an overwhelming majority of the Early Cretaceous detrital zircons with the age peak at circa 125 Ma, whereas the Archean and Paleoproterozoic detrital zircons are subordinate. The weighted average age of the youngest zircons show that the Santai Formation probably had begun deposition at circa 158 Ma and terminated deposition at circa 150 Ma, and the Tianjialou Formation of the Dasheng Group had begun deposition at circa 122 Ma. Our study indicates that the activity of the dinosaurs might occur during the Late Jurassic rather than the Cretaceous in the Shandong province. In addition, most detrital zircons of the studied samples are characterized by the high Th/U ratios and left-inclined REE patterns, revealing a magmatic origin. Morphologically, most detrital zircon grains characterized by angular to sub-rounded shapes indicate a middle-short distance transport from the source regions, whereas minor detrital zircon grains show rounded shapes, indicating a long-distance transport or multiphase recycling. According to detrital age populations in this study, combined with previously published data, we conclude that depositional provenances of the Santai Formation were mainly derived from the western Shandong and Jiao-Liao Belt, and minor detritus were derived from the northern part of the North China Craton and Xing-Meng orogenic belt. The sediments deposited in the Tanlu fault zone were mainly derived from the volcanic and subvolcanic rocks of the Qingshan period in the eastern Shandong, and subordinate depositional sources were from the Jiao-Liao and the basement uplift of the western Shandong, with minor supplier being derived from the Yinshan-Yanshan orogenic belt. The detrital provenance of the Santai Formation indicates that extension of the eastern NCC occurred during the Late Jurassic. The Neoproterozoic detrital zircons play a minor role in the studied strata, indicating that the large sinistral movement of the Tanlu fault zone might have occurred at the Early-Middle Jurassic and formed a paleogeographic separation of the western Shandong and eastern Shandong (Sulu orogenic belt).

Exchange rate volatility transmission in emerging markets

Exchange rate volatility, or a continuous fluctuation in the currency rate has been a major concern in recent years due to its impact on economic activities. No wonder concerns have been raised regarding the connection between exchange rate fluctuations and their effects on the overall economy. The motivation for the study is based on the fact that most emerging economies experiencing inflationary tendencies are more likely to experience a high degree of exchange rate volatility persistence. Such a scenario seems catastrophic to developing economies where large currency movement are more frequent. BEKK-GARCH and DCC-GARCH models were utilized to estimate volatility transmission and persistence respectively in selected African countries. Results show there is presence of spill-over effect in exchange rates of all countries. BEKK-GARCH estimates show that negative effects of exchange rate of one country had deleterious effect on exchange rate of another. We found evidence in favour of bidirectional exchange rate volatility transmission amongst all exchange rates of countries in the study. Dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model estimates further revealed Ghanaian cedi top list of countries exchange rate volatility persistence followed by naira with a value of 1.0974. Efficient structural transformation is needed to mitigate structural problems that generate inflation in these countries.

Joining forces: Social coalitions and democratic revolutions

When are mass protest movements able to overthrow authoritarian regimes and promote democratic transitions? This article considers whether socially diverse protest movements are more conducive to democratization than movements restricted to one or a few social groups. Coalitions across social groups should impose higher costs on authoritarian regimes through access to a wide range of resources, strategies and sources of leverage. Heterogenous protest coalitions are also more likely to socially overlap with regime supporters and the security forces, which should encourage regime splits and defections. But, diverse protest movements may also be more vulnerable to fragmentation and in-fighting, which may particularly threaten prospects of democracy in the aftermath of an authoritarian regime breakdown. Analyzing new global data mapping the social group composition of anti-regime protest campaigns from 1900 to 2013, the article finds consistent evidence that socially diverse protest movements are more likely to overthrow authoritarian regimes, and this is not driven by protest size. Socially diverse movements are also more likely to end in the short- and long-run establishment of more democratic institutions, suggesting that heterogenous protest movements’ potential for bringing about democracy is more promising than expected. These findings speak to the importance of securing broad and not only large mass movements to promote democracy.

Tensile stress development and critical behavior of a flexible barrier

A DEM numerical approach is employed to illustrate the critical stress development of a three-supporting cable flexible barrier under a large scale stony debris movement impact. A proper linear parallel bond is applied to build the flexible barrier model. Critical state is presented by lowering the tensile resistance of the flexible barrier and steepening the channel slope. The tensile stress of the supporting cables is primarily studied. Results mainly indicate that the particle-structure contact is essential to the stress development. The bottom cable always exhibits larger tensile stress due to the massive collision and compressive force of particles and the tensile force exerted by the vertical cable-net joint system. On the other hand, the intermediate cable receives lower collision and compressive force, resulting in smaller tensile stress. The bottom cable indicating numerous direct particle-structure contact part performs brittle failure, which is analogous to the concentrated load feedbacks. The loading of the intermediate one reaches ductile failure, reflecting the desirable effect of dispersing loads. This study suggests that practical engineering should try to avoid massive boulder impact or reinforce the bottom cable in order to improve the hazard prevention design.

Moving toward standardization: physician reporting of sleep studies.

Lastra AC, Ingram D, Park J, etal. Moving toward standardization: physician reporting of sleep studies. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(3):595-603.

An update on wealth mobility

We measure wealth mobility in the United States. Using the latest wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we update Carroll and Hoffman (2017), who document a decreasing trend in wealth mobility over the past 30 years. We confirm another of their findings that large upward movements in wealth are associated with families’ owning businesses and real estate other than a primary residence. Finally, we turn to the much larger Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) data and document that these “large mover” households are evident even over three-year periods.

A new automatic procedure for nonlinear analysis of masonry arches subjected to large support movements

To predict the settlement and the collapse mechanisms of masonry arch structures caused by largely moving supports and the value of the support movement leading to collapse, an automatic procedure based on the use of Somigliana’s distortions is proposed. The proposed procedure is an incremental method that computes the inner forces at the joints of the arch, composed of rigid blocks and deformable mortar joints, at each increase of the support movement. Somigliana’s distortions are introduced at the joints to nullify the inadmissible forces, basically the tensile ones, and to restore material continuity at the cracked joints (equilibrium and congruence). The Somigliana distortions method allows for material and geometric nonlinear analysis, avoiding updating the stiffness matrix. The strength and robustness of the procedure are ascertained by analyzing case studies from the literature. The results are consistent with experimental and numerical outcomes provided by other authors.

Why Jewish Refugees Were Imprisoned in a Spanish Detention Camp while Fleeing Europe (1940–1945)

One route out of continental Europe for Jewish refugees seeking to escape Nazi and Vichy persecution was via Franco’s Spain. Yet hundreds of these refugees were imprisoned soon after arriving in the country. From prison, men of military age tended to be sent to a detention camp for weeks, months or up to three years. This camp was known as the ‘Campo de Concentración de Miranda de Ebro’, and conditions in it were harsh. Why were Jewish men sent there? They were interned in the camp because senior Spanish officials created a series of policies that spelt out what officials and officers should do with different categories of foreigners who had entered the country without all the necessary documents. These policies did not target Jews. They were influenced by large population movements within France and from France into Spain; by the pro-Axis and pro-Allies leanings of senior officials; and by pressure that the British, American and German ambassadors in Madrid put on the Spanish government. Between September 1940 and January 1943, the policy determined that provincial governors were responsible for deciding what to do with newly arrived foreigners. Provincial governors’ membership in the Falange, a Germanophile party, may have influenced their decisions. While interned in the camp, many Jewish refugees saw their visas to their final destinations and boat tickets out of Europe expire, and they endured hunger, illness, separation from their family and other conditions that were detrimental to their health.

Understanding Sustainable Modern Tax Compliance Approach to Prevent Sanctions From Tax Authorities in Nigeria

This article can help international business in development country like Nigeria to build trust and demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and social responsibility. The tax is not a compliance only but the context of the environmental, and social indicator of how a business views its role in society and its business commitment to its purposes. Building trust in modern tax compliance, it is part of a large movement to better align corporate world with the societies in which they operate and the citizens whom they serve. In Nigeria, tax evasion has been a practice since the beginning of taxation, and it is also a worldwide phenomenon. The social change implication includes improved infrastructural development and increased employment opportunities resulting from increased tax revenue collection from manufacturing companies, reduction of the rate of failure for companies as a result of tax sanctions.

Trends in internal migration in Japan, 2012-2020: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the past 10 years or so, there have been growing concerns in Japan that migration trends, such as large in-migration to the Tokyo metropolitan area (TMA) at the national scale and large movements from the suburbs to the centres at the metropolitan scale, have widened the core-periphery disparities at each scale under national population decline. However, the COVID-19 pandemic led to unexpected changes in these migration patterns, such as a weakened population concentration in the TMA. This study aims to examine internal migration trends from 2012, on axes of core-periphery in Japan and centre-suburbs in metropolitan areas, and the changes in the migration patterns caused by the pandemic in 2020. First, we prepared intermunicipal origin-destination tables by estimating the suppressed flows in 2012-2020 using the iterative proportional fitting technique, and then we calculated the net migration and migration efficiency indices based on seven area types: centre and suburbs of the TMA, centres and suburbs of major metropolitan areas, centres and suburbs of other metropolitan areasand nonmetropolitan areas. The results indicate that the 2020 migration efficiency in the centre of the TMA drastically dropped to the lowest level during the study period, contrasting with an upward trend in 2012-2019. The pandemic strongly affected the migration patterns from/to and within the TMA, with much net gain in the suburbs from the centre, but the impact of migration efficiencies among the other areas was minimal. These findings can help in providing direction for the postpandemic policy challenge of spatial planning in Japan, for example, the weakened but still widening disparities between the TMA and the other regions and the renewed threat of urban sprawl caused by the increased migration from the centre to the suburbs within the TMA.

Sedentary and migrant peoples: The sketch of a paradigm

Often, during the modern age, the idea of the people was linked to the sedentariness of life on a specific territory, and there is no doubt that the essence of an environment, that is its morphology, its endowments in terms of resources constitute a strong influence on the culture of a human community. Nonetheless, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries it was often forgotten that many peoples developed within large human movements, just as for some cultures the transience of the environment of birth is a central element of their tradition. This article aims to give a partial and non-exhaustive vision of how stability and transience can both form the vision of the world of a people or of a cultural tradition, and to propose a draft of integration of these two perspectives within an institutional point of view.

Transient response of an innovative Deepwater Artificial Seabed (DAS) system under tendon failure conditions

An innovative Deepwater Artificial Seabed (DAS) drilling system is developed to overcome the demanding technical and economic limitations for offshore drilling activities in deep and ultra-deep waters, with a focus on important issues of well access. However, tendon failure poses significant threats to the well integrity of the DAS drilling system. This study is committed to investigating the transient effects of tendon failure on the response of the fully coupled DAS drilling system. A nonlinear model, which couples the Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU), artificial seabed, riser system, intact and fractured tendons, is established firstly. Based on this, the transient response characteristics are systematically investigated in consideration of tendon breakage scenarios, covering the artificial seabed motion, the tendon tension, the strength of the drilling riser and tieback casing systems. The results indicate that the transient motion responses of the artificial seabed behave as large translational and rotational movements nonlinearly under tendon failure conditions. However, the heave motion of the inner artificial seabed, by contrast, is quite small due to the decoupling effect between the outer and inner artificial seabed in the vertical direction. Besides, the maximum tensions in neighboring tendons increase sharply caused by the transient effects of tendon failures, which may lead to cascading failure effect, even a total loss of the DAS drilling system. These findings can contribute to the safe design and operation of the DAS drilling system.

Structural dynamics of proteins explored via time-resolved x-ray liquidography

The structure of a protein is closely related to its biological function. In this regard, structural changes, as well as static structures, have been scrutinized as essential elements in understanding and controlling the function of a protein. In particular, the structural change in the solution phase needs to be elucidated to properly understand protein functions under physiological conditions. Time-resolved x-ray liquidography (TRXL), also known as time-resolved x-ray solution scattering, has attracted attention as a powerful experimental method for studying the structural dynamics of proteins in the solution phase. Initially, TRXL was used to study the structural dynamics of small molecules in the solution phase, and later, its application was extended to probe the structural changes in proteins. Via TRXL, structural changes ranging from large quaternary movements to subtle rearrangements of the tertiary structures have been successfully elucidated. In this review, we introduce various studies using TRXL to investigate the structural dynamics of proteins. These include early TRXL studies on model systems, those on photoreceptor proteins, and recent studies using stimuli beyond the direct photoexcitation of proteins.