Large House Research Articles

Salmon Samaritans

Salmon Samaritans

Paving Paradise: The Peril of Impervious Surfaces

Paved surfaces are quite possibly the most ubiquitous structures created by humans. In the United States alone, pavements and other impervious surfaces cover more than 43,000 square miles—an area nearly the size of Ohio—according to research published in the 15 June 2004 issue of Eos, the newsletter of the American Geophysical Union. Bruce Ferguson, director of the University of Georgia School of Environmental Design and author of the 2005 book Porous Pavements, says that a quarter of a million U.S. acres are either paved or repaved every year. Impervious surfaces can be concrete or asphalt, they can be roofs or parking lots, but they all have at least one thing in common—water runs off of them, not through them. And with that runoff comes a host of problems.

Expansion of Japanese Retailers Overseas

There have been a number of studies of foreign retail entry into Japan but few that consider the moves of Japanese retailers to other Asian countries. Nonetheless expansion into Asia of Japanese retailers, notably since the early 1990s, has been considerable. Many have been attracted by the large size of several national markets. Large Japanese trading houses have played a significant direct and indirect role in the international moves of Japanese retailers. China has become the major place of investment for Japanese retailers with 21 retail companies established by Japanese firms. The history of the internationalisation of Japanese retailing shows three phases of development. A first phase is characterised by department stores, a second phase is a slowing of activity in the late 1990s and a third phase of rapid expansion is presently evident. The key to the current phase is the establishment and strength of non-retail supply firms in the same East Asian region into which retailers wish to expand.

A Different Childhood

I stood watching the man tack up the red notice with large black print on our front door. QUARANTINE, it read, and I was impressed. As a child of eight I understood the sign to mean no one could come into or leave our house for two weeks except Dr. Riemer who, apparently, was unable to transport germs. As an adult it becomes a metaphor for my experiences during the thirteen years in which my father was subpoenaed, blacklisted, and imprisoned. Our family was cast out of the American experience and, although technically I belonged, I never felt like a welcome participant in the culture. For two weeks I wouldn't have to go to school, which made me happy because I didn't enjoy school. I didn't have trouble learning, but I was shy and had few friends. I felt that I didn't fit in, and perhaps I didn't. Early photographs of me show an olive-skinned, fat-cheeked child who looks distinctly Native American or Mexican. Perhaps the teachers and children thought I was the child of a gardener or servant-someone who didn't belong in the posh Beverly Hills school I attended. So I wasn't unhappy to be quarantined for two weeks. I looked forward to playing cowboys with my brother, Chris.' My father was sick, which was the reason for the quarantine. Several weeks earlier, we had moved from our large house on Beverly Drive into a smaller house just south of Wilshire. The move was precipitated by warnings that the FBI was investigating us and my parents thought it prudent to move to less expensive quarters while they figured out what to do about a possible subpoena to testify before HUAC. Their plan was to move us to the ranch, nestled in a valley in the Maricopa Mountains, eighty miles north of Los Angeles, which my parents had bought in 1938 just before I was born. An extravagant man, my father had been busy transforming it into a gentleman's ranch with barns and outbuildings, living quarters for a foreman, a sprawling ranch house for the family, and a small man-made lake stocked with trout. Just before we moved from Beverly Drive, we were invited to a goodbye dinner in Little Tokyo by the Yamashiro family. Chris and I played with Louie and Lily, ara sment. As soon as I was ab , I left th Uni d States, havi g had enough neat tricks to last a lifetime.

Tsukiji: The Fish Market at the Center of the World (review)

Reviewed by: Tsukiji: The Fish Market at the Center of the World Ulf Hannerz (bio) Tsukiji: The Fish Market at the Center of the World. By Theodore C. Bestor. University of California Press, Berkeley, 2004. xxviii, 411 pages. $60.00, cloth; $24.95, paper. Anthropological monographs do not usually include instructions for a tourist visitor to the field. The new book by Theodore Bestor, Harvard professor of anthropology and Japanese studies, does so, and this clearly says something about the particular qualities of Tsukiji, the famous Tokyo fish market, as a field site. Tsukiji does little purposively to attract tourists, but mostly it tolerates them, and they flock there to see the tuna and the several hundred other varieties of catches from near and far away and to try the absolutely fresh sushi. The practical instructions Bestor offers the tourist also allow a concrete sense of the everyday (preferably early morning) scene: watch out for carts! Backpacks, large handbags, and elaborate camera bags will get in other people's way and make it awkward for you to maneuver. Flash photography around the auctions is prohibited, because the flash can momentarily blind an auctioneer to the bidding! Wear long pants and solid shoes with good nonskid soles, not sandals or open-toed shoes. Puddles are everywhere! All those points and more, however, are in an appendix to the volume. Like Tsukiji market itself, the book has a complex structure, and readers may be tempted to enter it at different points, depending on their interests. A study of Tsukiji surely has the potential of attracting a very diverse readership: scholars of Tokyo history and ethnography, researchers in comparative institutional economics, fans of Japanese cuisine, students of globalization or of occupational cultures, urban explorers. Bestor offers much for all of these, yet his engaging style of writing will probably also keep each of them from ever getting bored, even as the tour turns out to be comprehensive. The book is also well illustrated, by way of photographs, drawings, maps, and diagrams. In its present location, the Tsukiji seafood market dates back to 1923, when its predecessor in Nihonbashi, with a history going back well into the Tokugawa period, was destroyed by the great Kanto earthquake and the fires that followed immediately after. Through Nihonbashi, the cultural traditions of Tsukiji are linked with the old shitamachi, plebeian, artisanal, and trading Tokyo. Yet the physical area, beginning only as the marshy lowlands of the Sumida River delta were filled in during preceding centuries, also has another history: at the outset of the Meiji era, Tsukiji became the site of the first foreign settlement in Tokyo, lasting for about a generation. One could [End Page 428] argue, consequently, that in its strands of history it has already combined the intensely local with the dramatically cosmopolitan which now meet in the Tsukiji seafood trade. While Japanese coastal waters contain some 2,000 species of fish and several hundred species of shellfish, most of which have also become part of Japanese cuisine, Bestor notes that a very large part of the goods sold at Tsukiji arrives, chilled or frozen, in Japan by way of Narita Airport, from just about everywhere in the world. And then through the institutional order of Tsukiji, it is divided, subdivided, and moved rapidly and expertly from the large-scale—and, in considerable part, long-distance—trade into the local commerce which finally brings it to the tables of Tokyo fishmongers, restaurateurs, and housewives. Each day (except Sundays and assorted holidays) some 50,000 people are involved in buying and selling at Tsukiji. Obviously they are slotted, on both sides, into a highly differentiated and stratified structure. At the top, among the sellers in the local structure, are seven large auction houses, some of them linked to Japan's famous large business combines, the keiretsu; a few even now have histories going back to the old Nihonbashi market. Auctioneers work for them. Below them are the much more numerous intermediate wholesalers, who buy their merchandise at the daily auctions and resell it at their Tsukiji stalls to customers involved in retail business. But there are also licensed buyers, making purchases on behalf of large...

Climate Change and Culture Change on the Southern Coast of British Columbia 2400-1200 Cal. B.P.: An Hypothesis

The Marpole phase of the Gulf of Georgia, SW British Columbia (2400–1200 cal B.P.) is recognized by many archaeologists as a significant period of culture change. Concurrent with this cultural phase is a climatic regime characterized by a substantial increase in forest fires associated with persistent summer drought: the Fraser Valley Fire Period (FVFP). Culturally, the Marpole phase is characterized by the widespread appearance of large houses, standardized art forms, and elaborate burials. Interactions among people of this region intensified and were, as today, economically, socially, and ideologically linked to the lower Fraser River system. Ecologically, the FVFP likely resulted in a regional decline in salmon abundance and/or predictability, especially in small streams and offshore areas, but also more berries and wildlife, and easier overland access via trail networks. The ecological diversity of the lower Fraser region, both terrestrial and riverine, resulted in both more abundant and more predictable resources than surrounding areas during this period of changing climate. We hypothesize that social and economic networks throughout the Gulf of Georgia were solidified during the Marpole phase to ensure access to Fraser resources and allow social buffering of resource uncertainty. We suggest that the differential availability of resources also allowed and encouraged individuals who had access to Fraser Valley resources to gain relatively greater prestige.

Park Offers Forests, Lakes, And Some History, Too

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Information on Host City and Meeting HighlightsFull AccessPark Offers Forests, Lakes, And Some History, TooJoan Arehart-TreichelJoan Arehart-TreichelSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:18 Feb 2005https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.40.4.00400040Georgia can be a wonderful place to visit in the spring, and you can experience some of its magic if you can find a few free hours to visit Stone Mountain Park. The park is the state's most visited attraction, drawing nearly 4 million visitors a year.In May, this 3,300-acre park near Atlanta boasts not only stunning emerald forests and a cobalt-blue lake, but enticing parkland flowers and floral scents. Jack-in-the-pulpits, magnolias, mountain laurels, and Oconee azaleas will be in bloom. If you walk around the park, you can wet your feet in a gurgling brook, stroll across a covered bridge, or pause to listen to a goldfinch or indigo bunting serenading its mate. And in May, the park's temperature is caressingly warm, but not yet hot.Pre-Civil War homes and buildings transplanted into the park provide a sense of what at least one slice of life in the Old South might have been like.The park likewise offers numerous family attractions such as the“ Tall Tales of the South” show, which activates your senses via a three-dimensional film with fourth-dimension special effects like a sprinkle of rain or whiffs of hot chocolate; a ride in an authentic paddlewheel riverboat on Stone Mountain Lake; or a ride in open-air cars pulled by a 1940s locomotive.In a replica of an 1870s town, you can watch glassblowing, candymaking, and blacksmithing. Storytellers spin their tales from porches as you walk by. If you stroll by a barrel, someone hiding inside may try to spit tobacco juice at you. If you visit one restaurant in the town, rolls may be tossed to you to catch. And if you put some change in a certain machine, it will massage your feet.The park attraction that youngsters often like best is the new Treehouse Challenge, Christine Parker, public relations manager for the park, told Psychiatric News. The attraction consists of a large tree house for boys and another for girls. The younsters use their wits and hands to master games and rack up points. One of the challenges consists of finding secret passages into the opponents' tree house.The centerpiece of the park, however, is Stone Mountain—purportedly the largest mass of exposed granite in the world. You can ride a cable car up to the top of the mountain and see a splendid view of Atlanta and the surrounding terrain, including the Appalachian Mountains. If you think that the top of the mountain looks something like the surface of the moon, you're not alone. Parts of the Hollywood movie “Apollo 13” were shot here.Stone Mountain originated some 300 million years ago. Intense heat and pressure forced molten material upward; gradual cooling resulted in compact, uniform granite crystals. Today Stone Mountain consists of an 825-foot-high granite dome, covering 583 acres. Granite quarried from the mountain has been used to construct the U.S. Capitol, Panama Canal, and other structures throughout the world.At night the north side of Stone Mountain becomes a natural screen for the park's popular Lasershow Spectacular. During APA's annual meeting, shows will be held on May 20 and 21 at 9:30 p.m.The best way to get to Stone Mountain Park from downtown Atlanta is to rent a car.Stone Mountain Park is at 5525 Bermuda Road, Stone Mountain, Ga. Additional information is available by phone at (800) 317-2006 or online at<www.stonemountainpark.com>.▪ ISSUES NewArchived

都市域の谷戸におけるネズミ類の生息動態と土地利用形態との関係

Yato (small valley with paddy field) in the urban area is important habitat for rural animals. Yato is a rural landscape made up of coppice forests, grasslands and farmlands. We discussed relations between the fauna and distribution of small rodents and land use of Yato landscape in the southwest Tama hills. As a result, Japanese large field mouse (Apodemus speciosus), house mouse (Mus musculus), brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) and harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) were observed by trappings and finding nests. Habitat utilization by these rodents were recognized as follows. 1. A. speciosus were dominant species in the survey area. They used all elements (coppice forest, farmland, grassland and paddy field) in Yato. It was considered that its main habitat was the coppice forest. 2. M. musculus utilized the farmland as its main habitat. 3. M. minutus were utilized the confined grassland. 4. R. norvegicus were captured only a few individuals at the farmland. When the mean range lengths were considered by the method of capture-recapture, it was clarified that A. speciosus had longer range lengths than any other species. It was suggested that landscape mosaics in Yato were important as rodent habitat. We concluded that managing land-use patterns of Yato is required to effectively conserve the rodents' diversity and their habitats.

Small is Beautiful U.S. House Size, Resource Use, and the Environment

SummaryAs house size increases, resource use in buildings goes up, more land is occupied, increased impermeable surface results in more storm‐water runoff, construction costs rise, and energy consumption increases. In new, single‐family houses constructed in the United States, living area per family member has increased by a factor of 3 since the 1950s. In comparing the energy performance of compact (small) and large single‐family houses, we find that a small house built to only moderate energy‐performance standards uses substantially less energy for heating and cooling than a large house built to very high energy‐performance standards. This article examines some of the trends in single‐family house building in the United States and provides recommendations for downsizing houses to improve quality and resource efficiency.

En højgruppe ved Kvindvad, Vestjylland

En højgruppe ved Kvindvad, Vestjylland

Open Access to the World – IncreasingJournalVisibility

With the first issue of 2004 the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education will be “open access,” available to everyone at www.ajpe.org, free of charge and without need of a password. Also, the number of Journal issues will increase from 4 to 6 per year. The Board of Directors reached these decisions at the request of the Editor. Changing the Journal to open access is consistent with AACP’s strategic goal of enhancing its members’ influence and visibility beyond pharmacy education in the United States. Journal authors are leaders in health professions education by describing their innovative instructional methods, and these advances should be available to the larger pharmacy education community. The increase in the number of issues published per year is possible and necessary because the number of manuscripts submitted to the Journal has increased by almost 100% in the past 2 years. Open access will dramatically increase readership of the Journal. Increased readership will enhance the value of the Journal, attract more contributors, and expand the influence of authors and AACP in general. An open-access Journal will better serve the needs of authors as well as the United States and international pharmacy education community. The Journal will now be made available to thousands of full-time, part-time, and adjunct faculty members and preceptors throughout the United States. Also, open access allows electronic transmission of the Journal to organizations and pharmacy educators around the world. At the same time we can promote United States pharmacy education to schools and colleges developing around the world and increase our awareness of the best that international programs can offer to us. By now, most readers are aware of the open-access movement in journal publishing as well as the exploding costs to libraries for journals that are owned by some of the large publishing houses. The number of open-access journals is ~700 and is growing. The open-access movement is spearheaded by the Public Library of Science and BioMed Central, organizations that are attempting to create new systems for making academic information available to a wider audience. While the open-access movement is gaining ground, journals that require paid subscriptions will continue to exist for the foreseeable future. Advocates of the open access movement claim that it will “accelerate research in every discipline.” There are some indications that papers that appear free online are more frequently cited by other researchers than papers that have restricted distribution. Open access can enhance the attractiveness of the Journal to indexing services and Medline as well as increase Journal “impact” as measured by citation analysis. However, open access brings some challenges. Open access or not, print or online, journals are still expensive to produce and “open access” should not be confused with “free.” While readers would not pay for access, the costs are paid for in other ways. The financial support for the Journal comes from individual and institutional subscriptions and dues. While the Journal expense is lower than many comparable academic journals, we will continue to seek ways to increase value to readers (AACP members and nonmembers) in costeffective ways.

Teaching Our Town in Our Town

C elery, onions, peppers, beans, corn, cows, muck fields. Mix these all together and you have Hudsonville, the self-designated Salad Bowl of a Midwestern state. Farming dominates this community: Cows are often seen roaming the thoroughfares and fields, the sounds of combines and tractors reverberate through the air year-round, and the springtime scent of cow manure and onions is both inescapable and unforgettable. The town center is a conglomeration of hometown shops, locally owned grocery stores, and farmers markets. The only restaurants are a family diner, a trendy coffee shop, and a few familiar fast-food places. Beyond the town center, large houses with wraparound porches perch atop acres of rolling farm land, seemingly on guard against encroaching suburbia. On the main street of this old-fashioned town, just off the interstate highway, sits a high school of 1,400 students. The school's parking lot boasts a combination of muddy, old pickups and shiny, new sports cars. Even the building is a combination of old and new: The passing of a recent millage request allowed the district to build an extensive, high-tech addition onto the original structure. While many teenaged residents of Hudsonville might see themselves as modern, the conservative values and closely held morals of the community shine through in the attitude of most of the members of the student There is an awful lot of Grover's Corners

Amenities in an Urban Equilibrium Model: Residential Development in Portland, Oregon

This paper estimates the effects of reduce water quality, and pollute, disturb open space and other amenities on housing prices or destroy natural habitats for wildlife. and development density in Portland, Oregon, Open space takes many forms. City within the framework of an urban equilibrium parks provide some types of recreational model. Amenities are important: households are and visual amenities. willing to pay more for newer houses located in Greenbelts and ecoareas of less dense development, with more open logical reserves typically are larger than space, better views, less traffic congestion, and city parks and ofter natural, open-space near amenity locations. For the developers, in- areas that provide a broad range of sercreases in housing prices results in providing vices. The experience of cities with ambimore large houses, which will ultimately lead to tious open space policies, such as Porthigher density and lower housing prices. A simu- land, Oregon, and Boulder, Colo rado, lation analysis evaluates policy im plications and suggests that such policies have a signifiindicates substantial benefits from alterations in cant effect on property values. Preserving housing patterns.

Mitochondrial differentiation, introgression and phylogeny of species in the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae: Agelenidae)

The relationships between the three members of the Tegenaria atrica group (T. atrica, T. saeva and T. gigantea) were examined with DNA sequence data from mitochondrial CO1, 16S rRNA, tRNAleu(CUN) and ND1 genes. Members of this group of large house spiders have overlapping distributions in western Europe and hybridize with each other to a variable degree. The close relatedness of all three species was supported by all analyses. T. saeva and T. gigantea are more closely affiliated than either is to T. atrica. Haplotypes clearly assignable to T. gigantea were also present in many specimens of T. saeva suggesting asymmetrical introgression of mtDNA from T. gigantea into T. saeva. Molecular clock calibrations (CO1) suggest that deeper divisions within the genus Tegenaria may be in excess of 10 million years old, and that the evolutionary history of the T. atrica group has been moulded by Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles.

Data Quality in Statistical Process Control

Apart from the organizations conducting large-scale countrywide surveys, most ofthe large business houses today maintain large databases for controlling and improvingtheir business processes. Naturally, data quality is a critical issue for theseorganizations. Consequently, data quality has emerged as a very important field ofresearch. However, most of the research conducted is either generic in nature ordeals with the problems faced in survey data. In this article, an attempt has beenmade to develop a framework for addressing the data quality problems that may befaced in implementation of Statistical Process Control. Specifically, a new set ofdata quality classes is proposed and various data quality problems are classifiedaccordingly.

Vernacular Hospitality in the Carolinas: The Tidewater Cottage and the Preacher Room

Vernacular Hospitality in the Carolinas: The Tidewater Cottage and the Preacher Room M. RUTH LITTLE T he little-known Tidewater cottage in the largely British coastal plain of North and South Carolina is the equivalent of the French Creole cottage built by Spanish and French Creoles in the West Indies, the Deep South, and along the upper reaches of the Mississippi River from the earliest years of the eighteenth century. But while the Creole cottage has been extensively documented, the Tidewater cottage, also referred to as a coastal cottage or raised cottage, has not. One of the earliest refined house types in the Carolinas, the Tidewater cottage is usually one-and-one-half stories with a side-gabled roof and an engaged piazza (alternately referred to as a gallery, veranda, or porch) along one or more elevations, and small (half) rooms partitioned into the rear and sometimes the front piazza (jig. I).' The piazza may be recessed or "engaged" under a single-sloped or a double-sloped roof. The house may be of either Fig. I. The Everitt House, Tarboro, North Carolina, ca. I8IO, is a classic example of the Tidewater Cottage. (Catherine Bishir, North Carolina Architecture [Chapel Hill: University ofNorth Carolina Press, I990] , IIS) frame or log construction. Because this is a form type rather than a plan type, the plan varies with the main block either being arranged in one room, hall-and-parlor, or center hall fashion. While the form could be a large plantation house or a small tenant house, most examples were the comfortable houses of small planters, merchants or maritime people. A standard feature of the Tidewater cottage, and the subject of this article, are small shed rooms partitioned into the front and rear, generally opening onto a recessed center piazza. In the French and Spanish Creole cottages, the rear recessed piazza is known as a loggia and the flanking shed rooms are called cabinets.2 In the Tidewater cottage, the front piazza rooms are used as guest chambers, which elderly rural residents in southeastern North Carolina colloquially call "stranger rooms" or "preacher rooms." A historian born in the 18oos defined them as ARRIS M. RUTH LITTLE rooms that were "generally assigned to 'company.' "3 More than just an architectural form, piazza rooms offer a window into rural social relations in the antebellum Carolinas. While the bedrooms' primary purpose may have been to provide extra sleeping space for large families, their prominent position on the front piazza and their lack of access into the house gave them another function, to offer hospitality to the occasional travelers who passed through. The Tidewater cottage and the Creole cottage may have the same origin. As early as 1947, the architect Thomas Tileston Waterman identified the North Carolina version as West Indian architecture .4 What little has been published on the type since then has focused on the piazza instead of the overall form of the house.5 Scholars analyzing the French and Spanish Creole cottage further south in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama have made strong cases for their West Indian origin. The anthropologist and architectural historian Jay Edwards draws upon extensive documentary material to show that the Creole cottage evolved as early as r685 in the West Indies through the amalgamation of the Indian bohio, African coastal architecture, Portuguese and Spanish colonial architecture, and the Bengal bungalow brought by British army engineers.6 The architectural historian Philippe Oszuscik added the "French connection," postulating that the cottage originated in French Haiti by the late r6oos as a combination of the bohio and the French Norman cottage/ Assuming that the Tidewater cottage originated in the West Indies, its early popularity in the Carolinas is readily understood through the area's settlement history. Over one-half of the white immigrants to South Carolina between r67o and r69o came from Barbados, and many of the remaining immigrants came from the other islands of the English West Indies. Barbados, settled in r627 by the English, was the cultural hearth of the English West Indies and of South Carolina as well. Between r64o-r67o a local culture evolved on Barbados that was recreated along the South Carolina coast in the late r6oos and...

National and Other Identities in Bukovina in Late Austrian Times

Many years ago, Arthur J. May wrote, “Only the Bucovina provided a patch of blue in the beclouded nationality sky of Austria.” Without going into the comparative aspect of this assertion, the object of this study is to ascertain to what extent May's statement correctly reflects the complex relationships of the ethnoculrural or national groups in Bukovina. How blue was the sky really?Acquired by Austria in 1774–75, Bukovina prior to 1918 was a small Crownland in the northeastern corner of the Austrian Empire. It bordered on Hungary, Romania, the Russian Empire, and the Austrian province of Galicia. Its area was about 410,000 square kilometers, and its population in 1910 was just over 800,000. Some of the land was rolling and fairly fertile countryside, especially in the north and east, merging into the foothills that in turn gave way to the Carpathian Mountains in the south and west. Much of Bukovina was forested. The estates of the large landowners, sometimes with a palace or large manor house, stood in glaring contrast to the small landholdings of the peasantry and their cramped housing. The capital, Czernowitz (Chernivtsi), with a population in 1910 of around 87,000, was the only sizable city.

Forensic Investigation Of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning In A Residence

Two People We Found Dead With No Apparent Cause Of Death And A Third Person Had Injures That Resulted In Multiple Amputations. This Occurred During A Winter Night In A Large Single Family Ski House Used As Rental Property For The Ski Season. The Local Authorities Quickly Found That Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Was The Cause Of The Victims Injuries And Found The Boiler Gave Off Carbon Monoxide. It Was Initially Determined The Boiler Was The Cause Of The Accident. This Is Where The Investigation Starts And Becomes More Complicated And Results In Some Very Surprising Findings. Both High Technology And Common Tools Help Prove The Ultimate Results.

Wavelet-based extraction of building features from airborne laser scanner data

A new approach based on wavelet analysis to detect buildings in a dense urban area from airborne laser scanner data is presented in this paper. Without the spectral reflectance from the buildings, their detection from the laser cloud points is mainly based on the discrimination of the building's elevation and its surroundings. This detection becomes more challenging in a dense urban area, which contains skyscrapers, interspersed with a myriad of low and small as well as large houses along with crowded outdoor human activities. Integration of the object's size and its elevation could mitigate the difficulty of detection. Wavelet analysis was proposed and adopted to build up the framework for size-based detection. The study focused on the detection of buildings and the generation of a three-dimensional (3D) building database. The extractable information from the aerial photographs is optional. The proposed approach was tested in Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, and the result has successfully matched with the existing two-dimensional (2D) vector data. Wavelet-based multi-resolution has proved an appropriate approach in eliminating the unnecessary features surrounding buildings and in extracting the buildings.

“Paying the Rent”

The article explores the social and political meanings attributed to the “home” and the domestic sphere from the late nineteenth century to the interwar period. How did the significance of the dwelling in the city change due to the interplay between technical improvements and social policy? The main example in the study is the city of Stockholm, which, like other major cities on the European continent in the second half of the nineteenth century, experienced a vast spread of large tenement houses, increasing prices of land, and an accelerated housing problem for industrial workers. The article argues that the recognition of technology became an integrated part in the activity of the social housing reformers. Household modernization tied the single apartment closer to a formal economy and thereby contributed to a decisive change not only of the built environment but also of family economy and gender relations in the city.