Large-fruited Varieties Research Articles

THE YIELD OF GARDEN STRAWBERRY DEPENDS ON VARIETAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK

The analysis of studies on the study of the characteristics of the formation of the yield of large-fruited garden strawberries depending on varietal characteristics is presented. The passage of phenological phases of growth and development of strawberry varieties, biometric indicators of plants and products are highlighted. It was established that under the same conditions, the growth of the first leaf was noted earlier in the Rumba and Clary varieties, which is later than the control variety by 1 and 4 days, respectively. The growth of the first peduncle of the Clary variety was recorded on 5.04., and the growth of creeping shoots (whiskers) on 22.05., which is later than the control variety and the Honey variety by 8 days. In the Rumba variety, the flowering phase began on 31.04., and ended on 20.05. The Clary variety was distinguished by the latest terms of the passage of these phenophases – 4.05 beginning of flowering, 23.05 end. In the control variety Olvia, the beginning and of ripening occurred earlier than other varieties. The beginning of ripening of the fruits of this variety was recorded on 19.05., and occurred within 25 days. The Clary variety was characterized by the shortest duration of the fruiting period – 18 days. Previously, the beginning of ripening of garden strawberries was recorded in the Olvia variety – 19.05, which is 2-10 days earlier than the studied assortment. The latest this phase was noted in the Clary variety – 29.05, which indicates a later ripening period of the berries. The end of ripening of large-fruited garden strawberries was recorded the latest in the Rumba variety – 21.06, which is 8 days later than the control (Olvia variety), therefore, fruiting in this studied variety lasted the longest – 26 days. The average fruit weight at the first harvest of the Rumba variety was 34.3 g, which was 5.7 g more than the control variety. The varieties Honey and Clary had a greater weight than the control variety Olvia by 1.5 and 2.8 g, respectively. The average weight of its fruits across all harvests was 15.1 g. The varieties Honey and Clary had an average weight across all harvests of 16.5 and 17.6 grams. The largest average fruit weight across harvests was recorded for the Rumba variety – 22.3 g, which characterized its varietal feature as a large-fruited variety. The ability of the Rumba variety to form a larger leaf surface area – 17.7 m2/ha, positively affected the ability of this variety to form larger fruits. The formation of a leaf surface area of 16.1 and 16.3 thousand was recorded for the varieties Honey and Clary. m2/ha, which exceeded the indicators of the control variant by 0.8-1.0 g, respectively. The Clery variety formed a greater number of cones – 9.7 pcs/bush, and a greater number of peduncles – 5.9 pcs/bush, which exceeded the control variant and by 1.5 and 1.1 pcs/bush, respectively. In the Rumba variety, 1.1 pcs/bush less number of cones and 1 pc/bush less number of peduncles were recorded than in the Clery variety. The Rumba variety turned out to be the most productive and, accordingly, with a higher indicator of product marketability – 83.7 %. Its yield was – 24.5 t/ha, which exceeded the indicator of the control variety Olvia by 15.9 t/ha. The second variety in terms of yield was the Clery variety – 18.4 t/ha with a marketability of 82.3 %. These productivity indicators of the variety are higher than those of the Honey variety by 6.8 t/ha, and compared to the Olvia variety (control) by 9.8 t/ha. The yield of marketable products of the Clery and Honey varieties was 82.3 and 81.4 %, respectively.

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ RIBES NIGRUM L. IN SITU и EX SITU В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН

The article presents the results of the evaluation of the Ribes nigrum L. collection at the "Kushnarenkovsky Breeding Center for Fruit and Berry Crops and Grapes" in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). The collection includes 24 varieties, 57 hybrids, 62 seedlings of domestic breeding, and 3 wild forms of R. nigrum. The study objects were varieties of R. nigrum bred by the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture: Belskaya, Bobrovaya, Valovaya, Iremel, Karaidel, Kushnarenkovskaya, Truzhenitsa, Estafeta, and varieties from other regions of the Russian Federation: Gracia, Chudnoye Mgnovenie, Ocharovanie, Kipiana, Iskushenie, Maly Princ, Tamerlan, Sensei, Pigmei, Suiga, Tikzo, Nilga, Sobolinka. It has been shown that under changing climatic conditions, the Valovaya, Iremel, and Truzhenitsa varieties maintain their berry ripening phenorhythms. The growing season length of R. nigrum varieties in the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2015–2023 averaged 188±4.2 days. High adaptation to changing climatic conditions was demonstrated by the Bobrovaya, Iremel, Karaidel, and Kushnarenkovskaya varieties, which possess strong frost and drought resistance. The Valovaya variety has been identified as a reliable source of large-fruit traits. Large-fruited varieties also include Belskaya, Truzhenitsa, and Iremel, with an average berry weight of 2.3 g or more. High yields were observed in the Belskaya (133 c/ha), Iremel (133 c/ha), and Truzhenitsa (148.3 c/ha) varieties. High ascorbic acid content was noted in the Chishma (179.8±17.6 mg/%), Karaidel (151.8±11.3 mg/%), and Iremel (150.1±10.4 mg/%) varieties. The maximum sugar content (13.3%) was recorded in the Estafeta variety in 2012, and a high level of ascorbic acid (340.0 mg/100 g) was noted in the Karaidel variety in 2023. Clonal micropropagation protocols have been developed for the Karaidel, Chishma, and Seyanets Golubki varieties. The rehabilitated R. nigrum regenerants grown under ex vitro conditions retain varietal traits, phenorhythms, and show high productivity. In RB, R. rubrum L. and R. nigrum are found in natural habitats. The latter is widely distributed across 25 administrative districts, in three botanical- geographical zones, which may be of interest for breeding work.

The effectiveness of breeding work on the improvement of the main economically important traits of traditional variety population Banannaya in Primorsky kray

Relevance. Although there is notable success in breeding vegetable crops to obtain heterotic F1 hybrids, traditional selection methods have been gaining in popularity as a means of improving the economically important traits of local traditional varieties in Russia today. These varieties suffered the reduction in their valuable starting parameters (yield, the uniformity of marketable produce and biochemical composition) over the many years of reproduction. The Department of Potato Breeding and Horticulture (FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaiki”) have been working on the creation of new squash variety-populations with large fruits using the variety-population Banannaya 42, bred by V. Ya. Smolei at the Far Eastern experimental station of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Plant Breeding in the 1940s, as the starting material. We carried out a multi-year research on the selection of promising families belonging to this variety to increase yield, improve the uniformity of fruits and the main biochemical parameters. Results. The breeding work conducted on the families of variety-population 945 in 2011-2022 resulted in the improvement of some economically important traits (the uniformity of fruit shape, yield, and biochemical parameters) compared to the started form. The eleven years of research allowed us to achieve high uniformity of fruit shape in the selection of the ninth year (PIP 2) – 90.0-90.7 % (increased by 34.9-36.0 %). The yield increased from 28.4 t/ha to 38.2-45.3 t/ha or by 34.5-59.5 %. The following biochemical parameters were improved through selection: the content of dry mater from 8.5 to 12.9 % or by 51.8 % on average, the content of sugars from 6.1 to 9.1 or by 49.2 %, the content of carotene from 1.7 to 3.8 or by 123.5 %, and the content of vitamin C from 9.6 to 21.1 or by 119.8 %. We selected the families of the same type from variety-population 945 (variety-population Banata) with improved and uniform economically important traits for submission to the State variety testing. The yield was 38.2-45.3 t/ha, fruits were heart-shaped, skin was greyish green, pulp was orange, and the content of sugars was 9.0-13.2 %. Large-fruited variety population Banata was included in the State register of breeding achievements admitted to use in the Russian Federation in 2024.

НАУЧНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ И РАЗРАБОТКА ПРИНЦИПОВ ПОДБОРА СОРТОВ ГРАНАТА С ВЫСОКИМ ВЫХОДОМ СОКА

Juice yield is a very important characteristic of pomegranate fruits (Punica granatum L.) in economic terms. In this study, the limits of variability of morphological and technological characteristics of fruits of 25 varieties and forms of pomegranate from Geokchai (Azerbaijan) were studied. The values of these features were determined using the weight method. An attempt was also made to establish the nature of the formation of the ratio between the individual parts of the fruit using the method of biological statistics. The results showed that the studied varieties and forms can be grouped into three different groups, taking into account the changing balance between individual parts of the fruit during its active growth and development on the tree. In the fruits of one group of the studied varieties and forms, the increase in the total mass of the rind and bare seeds was slower than the increase in the mass of the juice. 5 medium-fruited varieties and forms with juice yield from ripe fruits averaging 53.2 % of their total weight were assigned to this group. The other two groups included 7 small-fruited and 13 large-fruited varieties and forms, in which this indicator was significantly lower (juice yield 45.4 and 43.1 %, respectively). Thus, it is the medium size fruit (and not the large size fruit, as is now customary) that should serve as the main phenotypic feature – a guideline when choosing juice material from existing varieties and creating new pomegranate juice varieties. This result can be included in the instructions for processors of this specific raw material and guidelines for breeders working towards the creation of new juice varieties of pomegranate. Key words: POMEGRANATE, VARIETIES AND SHAPES, FRUITS AND THEIR INDIVIDUAL PARTS, RIND, JUICE, BARE SEEDS, THE NATURE OF THE FORMATION OF THE NATURAL RATIO

Genetic control of thermomorphogenesis in tomato inflorescences

Understanding how plants alter their development and architecture in response to ambient temperature is crucial for breeding resilient crops. Here, we identify the quantitative trait locus qMULTIPLE INFLORESCENCE BRANCH 2 (qMIB2), which modulates inflorescence branching in response to high ambient temperature in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The non-functional mib2 allele may have been selected in large-fruited varieties to ensure larger and more uniform fruits under varying temperatures. MIB2 gene encodes a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor SPATULA; its expression is induced in meristems at high temperature. MIB2 directly binds to the promoter of its downstream gene CONSTANS-Like1 (SlCOL1) by recognizing the conserved G-box motif to activate SlCOL1 expression in reproductive meristems. Overexpressing SlCOL1 rescue the reduced inflorescence branching of mib2, suggesting how the MIB2–SlCOL1 module helps tomato inflorescences adapt to high temperature. Our findings reveal the molecular mechanism underlying inflorescence thermomorphogenesis and provide a target for breeding climate-resilient crops.

Продуктивность перспективных сортов вишни (Prunus cerasus L.) в условиях южного садоводства

Abstract. The features of the implementation of the production potential of cherry varieties in the conditions of southern horticulture are presented. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Prikubanskaya fruit growing zone of the Krasnodar Krai in 2016–2022. The objects of research were 7 varieties of common cherry of various origins. The purpose of the research was to study the productive potential of cherry varieties and its main components, depending on the negatively changing environmental conditions. Methods. The research was carried out according to the “Program and methodology for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops” and “Program and methodology for the selection of fruit, berry and nut crops”. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out according to the method of B. A. Dospekhov. The studies were carried out using generally accepted and standard methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identified patterns and features of the implementation of the production potential of cherry varieties in unstable environmental conditions and the impact of stress factors. According to the results of the research, early-fruiting varieties of cherries, Prizvanie and Ivanovna, which begin to bear fruit 2–3 years after planting, have been identified. It was found that the average fruit weight of the varieties varied from 2.98 to 6.38 g, depending on the biological characteristics of the variety and the conditions of the year. Large-fruited varieties with a fruit weight exceeding 5 g have been identified: Prizvanie (5.38 g), Timati (5.43 g), Ivanovna (6.38 g) and Khodosa (6.33 g). It was found that the yield also varied depending on stress factors and the degree of adaptability of varieties to them. Stably fruitful and high-yielding cherry varieties Ivanovna and Khodosa were identified, the average yield of which was 15.7 kg/tree. or 10.5 t/ha. It has been established that the dependence of the yield of cherry varieties of different origin on average annual temperatures is average (r = 0.65), on the sum of active temperatures – average (r = 0.37) and on the sum of precipitation – strong (r = 0.87). To create highly productive cherry plantations in the conditions of southern gardening, varieties Ivanovna and Khodosa are recommended.

СЕЛЕКЦИОННАЯ ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ПЛОДОВ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ СОРТОВ ОРЕХА ГРЕЦКОГО НА ЮГЕ РОССИИ

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the ten most valuable plants on the planet. All its parts are economically valuable. Most often, the species is grown for food purposes. Walnut fruits are of great economic interest for the food industry, directly its edible part (kernel). Fresh, natural kernels are eaten mostly as whole nuts or used in various confectionery products. The nut is a nutrient-rich product, mainly due to the content of: fats (from 60-77 %), protein (16.5-34 %) and carbohydrates (2-10 %). The purpose of the study is to evaluate promising varieties of walnuts in terms of fruit quality and to identify varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits. Modern programs and methods of breeding and variety study are used. The paper presents the results of a long-term study (2018-2022) of 16 varieties of walnut growing in the conditions of the North Caucasus region. In the course of the study, large-fruited varieties were established (with a fruit weight 12.1-14.0 g) MP-118, Rus’, Slavyanin, Vodnik, Olympiets, LP-40; high kernel content (from 53.1 to 56.1%): Timur, Rus’, Novinka, Terkin, Sokol, Yakhont, Nakhodka, Stimul, Vodnik, LP-40; high fat content (from 65 to 71 %): Terkin, Novinka, Slavyanin, Vodnik, Stimul, Shchedryi, Zemlyak, Sokol, Rus’, LP-40; fruits with thin-crust shells (0.8-1.2 mm): Shchedryi, Slavyanin, Timur, Novinka, Terkin, Sokol, Yakhont, Nakhodka, Stimul, Vodnik, LP-40, Rus’. All varieties have a high tasting score. The results of the study allowed us to identify three promising varieties: Vodnik, Rus’ and LP-40 with a complex of economically valuable traits (fruit weight, kernel yield, kernel extractability, taste and high fat content). All studied variety forms are of interest for breeding and production, and they can also be recommended as sources for obtaining new varieties.

Pumpkin fruit selection of different types and varieties for the production of functional food products

Consumers in Ukraine and around the world are increasingly interested in healthy lifestyles and functional foods with high biological value. For the production of such foods, it is important to select raw materials that meet a range of quality requirements. Pumpkin fruits have a high content of nutrients, vitamins, essential amino acids, and minerals that largely meet these requirements. The research aims to comprehensively evaluate pumpkin fruits of eight varieties of different types: large-fruited (Cucurbita maxima Duch) and butternut (Cucurbita moschata Duchex Poir), grown in the forest-steppe of Ukraine, to identify the most suitable for drying and production of functional foods. The experimental method was used following the research plan, the laboratory method was used to determine biochemical, biometric, and organoleptic quality indicators, and the statistical method was used to conduct dispersion and correlation analyses of the studied indicators. It has been established that when large-fruited pumpkin varieties are used for convective drying, 16.1-20.3% of dry products with a sugar content of 48.6-51.6% and 11-14 and 34.5-40.2% of nutmeg varieties, respectively, can be obtained. For the production of functional food products with a β-carotene content of 40-41 mg/100 g (in terms of dry matter), it is advisable to use the fruits of nutmeg varieties Gilea and Divo, and vitamin C at the level of 28 mg% – large-fruited varieties Slavuta and Polyovychka. The study revealed that with the increase in fruit weight, the content of dry matter (r=-0.68), sugars (r=-0.67) and the yield of finished products (r=-0.74) significantly decreases. A significant direct relationship between the content of dry matter and sugars (r=0.98), as well as the content of dry matter and the yield of finished products (r=0.94), was established. The materials of the article are of practical value for breeders, vegetable growers, and specialists of processing enterprises when choosing a type and variety of pumpkin for the production of functional foods

Variability of fruit weight of summer apple varieties on the lower terrace of the botanical garden named after Vs. M. Krutovsky

The paper presents the results of variability of fruit weight and crop load per unit area of crown projection of apple varieties of the summer ripening period in the conditions of the Siberian region: Arcade summer, White filling, Moscow Grushovka, Golden spike, Nobilis, Papirovka for a five-year period. The studies were conducted annually, from 2018 to 2022. These varieties are characterized by good winter hardiness, early entry into the fruiting season (for 3–6 years), earlier maturation dates (end of July–August), but short-term fruit storage (from seven days to one and a half months), which is a disadvantage of this group of varieties. The object of the study is a collection of apple trees of summer varieties growing in an open form in the Botanical Garden named after Vs. M. Krutovsky, which is located on the right bank of Krasnoyarsk. The purpose of the research was to establish the variability of the fruit weight of apple trees of large-fruited varieties depending on the varietal affiliation and the growing season. The paper presents field and laboratory research methods. During the research, the generally accepted methods specified in the «Program and methodology of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops» were used. As a result of the conducted studies, a significant variability in fruit weight was revealed depending on the growing season. In general, the weight of fruits of all varieties is 18,1–21,41 % less than provided for in their characteristics according to literature data. The yield of trees varies from 0 to 117,4 kg. The varieties of the summer ripening period were selected, which revealed the highest average weight of fruits, as well as those that are valuable in terms of nutritional and aesthetic qualities, which is a promising factor for further breeding: White filling, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Papirovka. This indicator, depending on the variety and the year of fruiting, is less than provided for in the pomological description. Nevertheless, for the conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Siberian region, fruits of such sizes are considered large.

Особливості технології вирощування гібридів соняшнику кондитерського типу в умовах східної частини Лісостепу України

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of the plant density and fertilizer dose on the yield and thousand seed weight in F1 confectionary sunflower hybrids. Methods. Field, laboratory and mathematical statistical methods were used. Results. The average yield of confectionery sunflower hybrids grown at a density of 28,600 plants/ha exceeded their yield at a density of 20,400 plants/ha by 0.01–0.43 t/ha, depending on the study year and fertilizer dose. The average thousand seed weight at the density of 20,400 plants/ha exceeded that at the density of 28,600 plants/ha by 6.0–14.8 g. The greatest increase in the yield and thousand seed weight was achieved when fertilizers were applied at a dose of N45P45K45: +0.21 t/ha and +6.5 g to the control (without fertilizers), respectively, at the density of 28,600 plants/ha; +0.18 t/ha and +5.4 g to the control, respectively, at the density of 20,400 plants/ ha. The maximum seed yield was produced by hybrid Forsazh: 3.97 t/ha (2016, 28,600 plants/ ha, N45P45K45). Confectionery hybrids Hudvin and Nasoloda had the maximum values of the thousand seed weight: 123.0 and 121.2 g, respectively (2018, 20,400 plants/ha, N45P45K45), which exceeded the thousand seed weight of the check large-fruited variety by 7.2 and 5.4 g, respectively. In the dry year (2017), the thousand seed weight in Hudvin and Nasoloda grown at the density of 20,400 plants/ha was higher than 95.6 g. In the wet year (2020), the thousand seed weight in Hudvin and Nasoloda, even at the density of 57,100 plants/ha, amounted to 88.6–92.5 g. Conclusions. The seed yield and thousand seed weight of the confectionary sunflower hybrids are significantly influenced by plant density, fertilizer dose and weather conditions during the growing period. The highest yield and thousand seed weight were recorded when fertilizers were applied at the dose of N45P45K45: 3.97 t/ha (at 28,600 plants/ha) and 123 g (at 20,400 plants/ha), respectively. The confectionery sunflower hybrids ensured high yields and high-quality confectionary seeds in Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Evaluation of varieties of berry crops by weight of berries in the south of Sakhalin

This paper presents the results of evaluation by average berry weight of 64 varieties of strawberry, 64 varieties of currant, 29 gooseberry and 21 honeysuckle, bred by breeders of different scientific institutions in FSBSI SakhSRIA. The purpose is to evaluate the collection of berry crops by weight of berries with the allocation of large-fruited varieties. The research was conducted at the site of the Sakhalin Research Institute of Agriculture. According to the results of long-term studies, from 2010 to 2021 in the gooseberry collection, very large berries were noted in the variety Ballet, with a berry weight of 6.4 g, 9 varieties - large berries weighing 4.1-5.7 g, 16 varieties - medium, 2 – small, 1 – very small berry; in the collection of honeysuckle, two varieties - Morena, Tundra, with a berry weight of 1.4 g, large - 11 varieties with a weight of 1.0-1.2 g, medium – 8, varieties with small and very small berries were not identified; in the collection of garden strawberries, 40 varieties with very large berries, weight 12.4-25.2 g (Tanyusha, Felicia, Queen Elizabeth, Amulet, The Gift of Destiny, etc.), 13 – large, 7 – large, 4.5-25.2 g, 8 – medium-sized, 8 – small – small.), 13 varieties – large, 7 – medium, 3 – small, varieties with very small berries were not identified; in the black currant collection, 26 varieties had very large berries, weighing 3.7-3.1 g – Yadrynaya, Exotica, Dar Smolyaninova, etc, 12 varieties – large, weighing 1.2-1.5 g, 10 – medium, with small and very small berries by one variety; in red currants, 10 varieties – very large with a weight of 1.0-2.1 g – Dream, Urals Beauty, Marmaladnitsa, Early Sweet and others, 3 – large, weighing 0.8 g, 2 – medium, varieties with small and very small berries were not noted. As a result of the research, berry crop collections were evaluated by berry mass with the identification of large-fruited varieties for further industrial and amateur cultivation in the conditions of southern Sakhalin.

Indicators of bread sticks based on wheat, rye flour and powders of large-fruited and smallfruited varieties of tomatoes

The article presents the results of determining the quality indicators of composite mixtures, semi-finished products and bread sticks based on wheat flour of the first grade, sifted rye flour in ratios of 70 and 30 parts; 80 and 20 parts and powderes of large-fruited and small-fruited varieties of tomatoes at a dosage of 1–9 % by weight of the flour mixture. An increase in the titratable acidity of composite mixtures, dough and baked products was noted with an increase in the amount of tomato powders while the wettability of products remained virtually unchanged. A suspension of powderes of large-fruited and small-fruited tomatoes activated the processes of gas formation, which made it possible to improve the dough process. No significant differences were found between the quality indicators of samples of mixtures and bread sticks when using powder from large-fruited or small-fruited tomatoes, as well as at different ratios of wheat and rye flour, but with the same dosages of enrichment. It is proposed to use the powder of large-fruited varieties of tomatoes in the amount of 7% for the activation of yeast in the production of functional bread sticks.

Morpho-biological features of growth and development of golden currant in Tashkent province, Uzbekistan

This scientific article presents the results of a study on the growth and development of varieties of golden currant in order to identify the most promising for cultivation in the conditions of the Tashkent region. Studies have established that, according to the development of shoots in the above-ground part, the varieties Uzbekistanskaya large-fruited and Elixir differ in vigorous growth, in which the height of the bushes by the end of the second year of vegetation reached 109.7-112.5, and in other varieties this figure was in the range of 88.2-97.5 cm. Of the tested varieties of golden currant, the earliest onset of the flowering phase was observed in the Venera variety March 23, in the rest a little later. The variety of golden currant Rukhshona had the latest start of flowering, in which this phase occurred on March 26, that is, four days later. In the Uzbekistan large-fruited variety, the completion of the flowering phase occurred five days later than in the Uzbek sweet variety. Of the varieties of golden currant, the phase of complete set of berries was observed most intensively within 30 days in the variety Venera. In the Elixir variety, the full set of berries ended two days later, and in the rest within 34-36 days.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ПЛОДОВ В ПРОЦЕССЕ СЕЛЕКЦИИ ГРЕЧИХИ

Buckwheat is a source of a valuable food product, the preparation of which for food purposes imposes a number of quality requirements. The most important criteria for the quality of raw materials that affect the yield and quality of unground groats are the weight of 1000 fruits, evenness of fruits, high content of the kernel and ease of peeling. Due to the achievements of breeding, the size and weight of 1000 fruits of some modern varieties of buckwheat amounted to 30 g or more. In breeding for the technological properties of fruits in large-fruited varieties, the problem of optimizing the proportion of fruit shells and fruit fulfillment is relevant. Buckwheat as a food product is a source of biologically active compounds with antioxidant properties that improve the functional activity and health of people. Increasing the content of rutin in the selection process will increase the biological value of buckwheat. Therefore, it is important to combine in modern varieties the signs of increased productivity with the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The paper analyzes the results of assessing the quality of the fruits of new and promising buckwheat varieties created by including fasciated forms in the composition of populations of materials of family-group selection. Promising genotypes have been identified for inclusion in the process of buckwheat breeding for high quality technological parameters and an increased amount of flavonoids in groats.

Winter hardiness of remontant raspberry under field and controlled conditions

The development of fruit farming, an important branch of agriculture, is impossible without the introduction of new crops and new varieties. Replanted raspberries are a new crop for Siberia. Increased interest in it is determined by its biochemical composition, high productivity, and long fruit-bearing. Large-fruited varieties of European selection of summer fruiting do not always winter in the best way. We were interested in the possibility of expanding the potential of the studied varieties of remontant raspberry in the conditions of the Siberian climate, using it not only in an annual mowed crop but also to find out how realistic it is to get a yield from two-year shoots of remontant raspberry. For this purpose, the winter hardiness of floricans of remontant raspberry varieties was characterized. The most frost-resistant remontant raspberry varieties were identified according to the results of research. Critical negative temperature for all studied varieties and forms of remontant raspberry was determined.

Quality attributes of garden strawberry fruits and breeding for their improvement

Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources the information about the main quality attributes of garden strawberry fruits (large fruit size, hardness or firmness of fruits, biochemical composition) and breeding possibilities of their improvement at the present stage of breeding is summarized. Quality characteristics of garden strawberries are differentiated by groups: commercial, consumer, biochemical, physical and mechanical, technological. When growing garden strawberries for fresh consumption, the following large-fruited varieties were identified: Clery (Italy), Florence (UK), Alba (Italy), Roxana (Italy), Vima Xima (Netherlands), Vima Tarda (Netherlands), Vima Kimberly (Netherlands), Maya (Italy), San Andreas (USA), Taira, Nelly, Kemiya, Elegy, Alpha, Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Krymchanka 87, Arossa, Zarya, Krymskaya rannaya, Uniol, Jantarnaja. The trait of fruit hardness refers to the technological characteristics, but it also depends on the appearance of fruits during harvesting and transportation, which determines the commercial appearance. The following varieties have a high degree of fruit hardness: Tsaritsa, Surprise olympics, Rubinovy kulon, Feyerverk, Aquarelle, Alina, Nelli, Induka (Netherlands), Clery, Darselect (France), Tenira (Netherlands), Selekta (Canada), Polka (Netherlands), Irma (Italy), Alba, Asia (Italy), Syria (Italy), Onda (Italy), Vivaldi (Netherlands). Strawberry fruits are characterized by a unique composition of biologically active compounds that determine the nutritional value of the crop as a source of dietary and therapeutic and preventive nutrition. Studies indicate a predominant role of genotype in the accumulation of antioxidants in garden strawberry fruits, as well as the influence of growing conditions on the realization of the genetic potential of the varieties. Due to the development of cultivation technologies and the expansion of knowledge about the nutraceutical value of garden strawberries, improving the quality of fruits has become one of the priority objectives of breeding programs around the world. To increase the level of fruit quality traits in garden strawberry, the greatest effect can be achieved by using the original forms with proven donor properties on these traits in breeding.

ОЦІНКА ПОСУХОСТІЙКОСТІ ЯГІДНИХ КУЩОВИХ РОСЛИН В УМОВАХ ЛІСОСТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ

The results of studying the drought resistance of berry bush plants by the field method of observation, laboratory-field, and laboratory methods of studying the water regime of plants are analyzed. The conducted researches testify to sufficient levels of water-holding ability of leaves of the studied grades of berry cultures. In the raspberry varieties Ruby Giant, Golden Giant, and Cascade Delight, the water holding capacity was higher after 24 hours, as indicated by the lowest rates of water loss by leaves (64.73 %, 68.13 %, and 69.66 % – respectively). According to the indicator of water deficit, the most drought-resistant raspberry varieties were Ruby Giant and Cascade Delight raspberry varieties. Indicators of water deficit of gooseberry leaves (3.2 %) indicate a high level of drought resistance of Neslukhovsky. The lowest drought-resistant gooseberry varieties Neslukhivskyi and Bezshipnyi were the lowest in terms of moisture loss during the study. 
 The obtained indicators of resistance of the studied plants to drought conditions show that the varieties of raspberry Ruby Giant and Cascade Delight, as well as gooseberry varieties Neslukhovsky and Bezshipny are characterized by a high level of drought resistance, even in adverse growing season 2021. The productivity of berry plantations depends on providing the soil with moisture during the growth of shoots, and during fruiting. In the year of the study, insufficient water supply in the fruiting phase adversely affected the overall berry bush plants, and also led to a significant reduction in their yield. In conditions of lack of moisture for plant development in large-fruited varieties of raspberries (Ruby Giant, Orange Giant, Yellow Giant), a small part of the crop dried up on the shoots. The Golden Giant and Cascade Delaine raspberry varieties, as well as the Neslukhivsky gooseberry variety, had high yield levels.
 Based on the assessment of a set of indicators (water holding capacity, water deficit, yield) to create highly productive industrial berry plantations can be recommended raspberry varieties Golden Giant, Ruby Giant and Cascade Delaine, as well as gooseberry varieties Neslukhovsky and Bezshipny.

EVALUATION OF RED CURRANT VARIETIES FOR ECONOMICCALY VALUABLE FEATURES

Varieties of red currant of various genetic as well as ecological and geographical origin from breeding schools in Russia, Belarus, Great Britain, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, Slovakia, and Ukraine were studied in the conditions found in Belarus. Varieties with a long raceme and the largest number of berries in a raceme that are Blanca, Dana, Nenaglyadnaya, as well as large-fruited varieties that are Jonker van Tets, Rondom have been determined. Varieties characterized by a high degree of fruiting and resistance to gall aphids have been identified. According to a complex of economically valuable traits, the following are recommended for breeding: Blanca, Bayana, Jonker van Tets, Rondom.

Main results of the study of raspberry varieties and forms in the conditions of the Southern Urals

Realization of the genetic potential of raspberries is possible only if varieties are introduced into production that are adaptive to the soil and climatic conditions of the region. The article presents the results of long-term studies of raspberry varieties and forms according to the main economic and biological characteristics. Objects of research were raspberry varieties and forms: Visokaya, Barhatnaya, Chelyabinskaya Rannyaya, Blestyaschaya, Doch Vislukhi, Barnaulskaya, Mishutka, Zevs, Gerakl, Izobilnaya, Patritsiya, Volnitsa, Arbat, Jar_Ptitsa, Arisha, Taganka, Krasa Rossii, Peresvet, Gusar, Rubinovoe Ojerele, Oranjevoe Chudo, Lazarevskoe, Juravlik, Solnishko, Rubin, Meteor, Beglyanka, Shosha, Brigantina, Skromnitsa, Kokinskaya, Sputnitsa, Balzam, Sovetskaya, Samarskaya Plotnaya, Rannii Syurpriz, Polka, Alenushka, Novost Kuzmina, Kvazar, Kenbi, Flamingo, seyanets Kaliningradskii, 1-33, 1-80, 1-65, 2-73, 2-66, 2-39, 2-11, 2-19. Most drought-resistant raspberry varieties and forms were identified: Solnishko, Sputnitsa, Juravlik, Patritsiya, Samarskaya plotnaya, Brigantina, Peresvet, Krasa Rossii, Gerakl, Arisha, Jar-Ptitsa, 2-73, 1-33. High-yielding (14-17 t/ha) and large-fruited (over 4 g) raspberry varieties and forms were revealed: Gerakl, Izobilnaya, Patritsiya, Volnitsa, Arbat, Jar_Ptitsa, Arisha, Taganka, Krasa Rossii, 1-33, Oranjevoe Chudo. According to the taste qualities and attractive appearance of the fruits, raspberry varieties and forms were distinguished: Novost Kuzmina, Balzam, Solnishko, Juravlik, Blestyaschaya, JarPtitsa, Arisha, Taganka, Krasa Rossii, Patritsiya, Gerakl, 1-33, 2-73, 1-80. Evaluation of the main economic and biological characteristics revealed that raspberry varieties and forms of Gerakl, Patritsiya, Krasa Rossii, Jar-Ptitsa, Arisha, 1-33 are of interest for their use as parent forms and cultivation in commercial plantations in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

Економічна оцінка нових сортів і перспективних форм сливи української селекції

Goal. To make an economic assessment of new varieties and promising forms of plum of selection of L.P. Simirenko Research station of pomology of the Institute of horticulture of NAAS to determine its competitive range in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, and comparative, normative, and economic statistical research methods were used to determine economic efficiency. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out by generally accepted guidelines. Results. The results are given of research (2018–2020) in plum plantation planted in 2002 (15 varieties and 9 elite forms of plums of different maturity) for economic assessment of growing different by ripening time promising varieties and hybrid forms of plums in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that due to the lack of supply on the market of early plum varieties, the use of similar in ripening large-fruited varieties Nenka and Oda with high taste qualities of the fruit made it possible to sell them at the highest price — 20 thousand UAH/t. Stable yield and uniformity of products of these varieties create conditions for their highly profitable production (260.1–277.6%). In the group of medium-ripening varieties, the most efficient was the cultivation of Dobra and elite form 12516. However, due to the significant number of products on the market and the price level, twice lower than the group of early-ripening varieties, their profitability did not exceed 94.7%. The use of highly marketable varieties and forms (Blufri, 8124, 8143) with the latest fruit ripening time was also highly profitable (163.2–164.5%). Conclusions. Thus, the most competitive and market-attractive are early-ripening varieties Oda and Nenka, late-ripening Blufri, and elite forms 8124, 8143, in the plantations of which the profit per 1 ha was the highest and amounted to 163.2–222.0 thousand UAH.