Largest Category Research Articles

Non-locality of the contact line in dynamic wetting phenomena

HypothesisThe notion of the contact line is fundamental to capillary science, where in a large category of wetting phenomena, it was always regarded as a one-dimensional object involving only microscopic length scales. This prevailing opinion had a strong impact and repercussions on the developing theories and methodologies used to interpret experimental data. It is hypothesised that this is not the case under certain conditions leading to non-local effects and requiring the development of a modified force balance at the contact line. Theory and simulationsUsing the first principles of molecular dynamic simulations and a unique combination of steady state conditions and observables, the microscopic structure of the contact region and its connections with macroscopic quantities of capillary flows was revealed for the first time. FindingsThe contact line is shown to become a non-local, macroscopic object involving rather complex interplay between microscopic distributions of density, velocity and friction force. It was established that the non-locality effects, which cannot be in principle captured by localised methodologies, kick off at a universal tipping point and lead to a modified force balance. The developed framework is applicable to a wide range of capillary flows to identify and analyse this regime in applications.

PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR : STUDI META-ANALISIS

This study aims to determine the influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the overall mathematics learning in several scientific journals at the basic education level "at the basic education level. The method used is meta-analysis, namely a descriptive narrative review or systematic review by analyzing the results. The results of research that have been published nationally relating to the influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on elementary school students' mathematics learning The sample in this study is a random sampling technique with a total of thirteen journal articles that have been published nationally in Indonesia with a span of years. 2014-2020 at the basic education level which discusses the writing of experiments on the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model in elementary school students' Mathematics learning. The instrument used is a coding data sheet that summarizes the data. and journal information. Based on the analysis of the overall effect value, the average value of the influence is 0.416, which means that it is in the large effect category. The findings of the analysis also show that the problem-based learning model has an influence on Mathematics learning in basic education. This shows the conclusion that the-pl problem based learning model is more effective in learning mathematics compared to the conventional learning model in this study

Gangraena i remedium, o herezjach i zwyrodnieniu religijnym w Anglii połowy XVII w.

Gangraena and its cure: on Heresies and Religious Perversions in mid-seventeenth century England The English Civil War saw an explosion in the production of printed material. Booklets, pamphlets, leaflets, and ballads of all types and covering all manner of subjects appeared in their thousands. Indeed, the number of titles printed during this period surpassed 2,000 per year. Among these we find a large category of prints denouncing religious heresy and perverse behaviors. The most elaborate of these was Thomas Edwards’s Gangraena, which ran to several thousand pages in length and spanned three consecutive volumes. In this article, the author looks at various religious sects in England and aspects of their beliefs and behaviors to examine how the Restoration England of Charles II tried to cure its population of unorthodox and perverse religious ideas.

KELIMPAHAN VEGETASI POHON PAKAN LUTUNG JAWA DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM PANANJUNG PANGANDARAN

The existence of Javan langurs is currently increasingly threatened due to several factors, such as deforestation which causes reduced availability of forage. Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Pananjung Pangandaran is one of the habitats of Javan langurs and has an abundance of tree diversity and does not yet have data on the abundance of feed types. The objective of research was to determine the abundance of Javan langur food trees in TWA Pananjung Pangandaran. The method used is by modifying the status and abundance category based on the results of vegetation analysis. Javan langur food trees species in TWA Pananjung Pangandaran consist of 30 species from 28 families. The abundance of Javan langur feed in TWA Pananjung Pangandaran at the pole level vegetation there were 3 types which included the category of very much abundance, category of abundance there were 3 types, category of low abundance there were 3 types, and category of very little abundance was found in 2 species. Abundance at the tree level consists of a very large category of 6 species, a large category consisting of 6 species, a low category consisting of 6 species, and a very low category consisting of 5 species.

Determinants of Longitudinal Change of Lung Function in Different Gender in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study Categories: Original Investigation

Chronic lung disease is associated with tremendous social and economic burden worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific risk factors for changes in lung function in a large longitudinal study. We included 9059 participants from the Taiwan Biobank. None of the participants had a history of smoking, asthma, emphysema or bronchitis. Lung function was assessed using spirometry measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Change in the FEV1/FVC (ΔFEV1/FVC) was calculated as a follow-up FEV1/FVC minus baseline FEV1/FVC. Linear regression analysis was used to identify associations between variables and ΔFEV1/FVC in the male and female participants. After multivariable adjustments, the male participants (vs. females; p = 0.021) were significantly associated with a low ΔFEV1/FVC. In addition, the male participants with low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.003), high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.006) and a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with a low ΔFEV1/FVC. For the female participants, low systolic blood pressure (p = 0.005), low diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.031), low AST (p < 0.001), high ALT (p < 0.001) and a low eGFR (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with a low ΔFEV1/FVC. In this large follow-up study, we found that the male participants had a faster decrease in the FEV1/FVC than the female participants. In addition, liver and renal functions were correlated with changes in lung function in both the male and female participants. Our findings provide useful information on sex-specific changes in lung function.

A Causal-Comparative Study of Inquiry-Based Science Learning Based on Levels of Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes: Systematic Review

The effect of inquiry-based learning models on cognitive learning outcomes has been discussed for a long time. However, in local research, this effect is more focused on comparing inquiry-based learning models with traditional learning models. Given such studies' rarity, this study seeks to compare the various inquiry levels to cognitive learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the differences in students' cognitive aspects between structured inquiry and guided inquiry-based science learning models. The research method used is a causal-comparative method, with a sample search technique in the systematic review. The sample used is secondary data in the form of undergraduate theses that have passed the selection and come from the Biology Education program at least accredited B with the research theme of the effect of inquiry learning models on high school students' cognitive learning outcomes. The research findings reveal significant differences in cognitive learning outcomes between the structured inquiry (SI) and guided inquiry (GI) learning model. The processing is more complicated in the GI learning model, allows students to perform better in learning outcomes than the SI learning model. Significant differences were supported by calculating the effect size in this study. The effect size in studies that apply the SI learning model belongs to the medium category. Meanwhile, the effect size in studies using the GI learning model belongs to the large to extremely large categories

Prodromal symptoms of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among patients calling emergency and non-emergency medical help services

Abstract Background Early identification of individuals at risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains difficult. Little is known about symptoms presented when contacting a medical helpline prior to OHCA. Aim To examine the registered prodromal symptoms when patients phoned to seek medical help prior to OHCA. Methods OHCA patients (≥18 years) were identified from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (2014–2018) and linked with calls to the non-emergency (1813-Medical Helpline) and Emergency Medical Services 1–1-2 (112). We examined (1) symptoms registered within 30 days before OHCA, categorized into eight groups and stratified by time-period and call-type; (2) hospital diagnoses and medical prescriptions according to symptom groups within 180 days before these calls. Results Among 974 OHCA patients who called in total within 30 days before OHCA, 816 OHCA patients (males 57%, median age 76 years [Q1-Q3: 65–84]) had a registered symptom and some of them called more than once (1,145 calls by 816 patients). Overall, the most reported group of symptoms was “Other” (29%), containing a diverse group of prodromal symptoms registered by the caregiver that did not fit into the other categories (Figure), followed by breathing problems (15%). When stratified by time-period (Figure) the most common symptom group remained “Other”. This was followed by symptoms related to the Central Nervous System (CNS)/Unconsciousness (17%) for the time-period within 0–7 days before OHCA, and by breathing problems (19%) and trauma/exposure (17%) for the time-period within 8–30 days before OHCA (Figure). When stratified by call-type, most patients (60.8%) called the 1813-Medical Helpline, where “Other” (35%) and abdominal/back/urinary (14%) symptom groups were the most common. While breathing problems (24%) and CNS/Unconsciousness (21%) were highly reported among calls to 112. Within 180-days before contact with the medical helpline, independently of the symptom group presented, respiratory-related hospital diagnoses and antibiotic medications were common. Conclusions Patients with OHCA who called emergency and non-emergency medical helpline 30 days before OHCA had diverse prodromal symptoms; the largest category were “Other” symptoms, followed by breathing-related symptoms. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): European Union's Horizon 2020 under the ESCAPE-NET program;Helsefonden Figure 1. Classification of the prodromal symptoms among patients that called for medical assistance. Stratified by the time-period within 0–7 days and 8–30 days before OHCA. The number of calls within 0–7 days before OHCA = 471 (399 patients), and the number of calls within 8–30 days before OHCA = 674 (500 patients).

40.4 A Descriptive Report on Internet Access Points from Smartphones of Youth Experiencing Homelessness

Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) have a variety of challenges. Access to the internet is an important tool for youth to keep connected to others and to access service. This study aims to examine the use of smartphones among YEH. The study uses a sample of 35 youth between the ages of 18 and 24 years recruited through a network of shelters in Chicago. The preliminary data from this study have been published. Substance use was assessed using a subset of the 2011 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and PTSD (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5]) were measured at enrollment and at 1 month. Trauma exposure was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ). As part of this study, participants received a mobile phone with an activated data and service plan. This report uses data that were extracted passively from smartphones of the participants using Purple Robot. This was done with consent from participants. From a dataset containing several thousand data points, we extracted a random subsample of 2000 data points detailing smartphone geospatial data. Trained coders (SHD and DK) reviewed the Service Set Identifier (SSID) labels for each extracted data point and coded these into larger categories (ie, hotel, coffee shop, restaurant, library) according to a rubric developed by the team. Results for this study are pending. The participants had an average age of 19.06 years (SD = 0.85). Most of the participants were women (23/35, 65%), with 31% (11/35) men and 1 transgender participant (1/35, 3%). Participants were predominantly African American (23/35, 66%), 9% White (3/35), 17% mixed race (6/35), 3% other (1/35), and 6% either refused or did not know (2/35). In addition, 20% of the sample reported being Hispanic (7/35). The demographics of these YEH are reflective of national trends, which show disproportionate ethnic minorities and LQBTQ or questioning YEH. We plan to report on the location categories that YEH access the internet and examine correlates with psychological experiences of substance use, depression, and trauma. Smartphones will allow us to assess what future potential programs are needed to make mental health and substance use resources more readily available and accessible to YEH by studying the patterns and needs of this population.

“Withered Metaphor” Withering

The present paper calls into question the withered metaphor, as one of the most suggestive and long-lived metaphors of the metaphor, intensely and enthusiastically used among aestheticians and stylisticians. Interpreting its meaning in the light of the consecrated theories, as well as based on the imaginary schema of plants which gives its substance, it is believed that its successful invention and function were made possible only within a narrow framework of understanding the metaphorical phenomenon, strictly from an aesthetic point of view. Conversely, a significantly wider framework in approaching the metaphor, which would take into consideration theories of cognitivist origin, could show how this concept, going itself through a withering process, can do injustice to a large category of metaphors, and, for this reason, it should be reconsidered. If metaphorization as a phenomenon is no longer viewed as being specific to the poetic thinking, but it is seen rather as a fundamental cognitive process, able to generally explain both the functioning mechanisms of the human thought and the principles of linguistic creativity, then metaphors such as the foot of the mountain, the mouth of the valley, etc., could get the chance to a new life, without carrying the stigma of degradation. If such metaphors were no longer judged as aged forms, lacking their assumed original beauty and brightness, but as fundamental conceptual metaphors, their revaluation could gain a well-deserved place among metaphors: that of the most eloquent and transparent proof of how the human brain makes different metaphorical transfers from the source-domain to the target-domain, so as to create new words or idioms, and, consequently, new concepts.

Historical Examination of Dietary Patterns in Rural Central/Southern Appalachia

Abstract Convenience meals and fast foods have slowly worked their way into the rural Appalachian diet, playing a major role in increased obesity and food-related ailments. Increasing future health providers’ knowledge of historical Appalachian dietary patterns and how health is perceived by rural residents may lead to the development of culturally sensitive nutrition interventions for rural populations. This article describes the historical Appalachian diet and validates the Traditional Central/Southern Appalachian Diet Pyramid (TADP) to inform future nutrition interventions. Fourteen historical cookbooks, five ethnographic articles, and twenty-six oral history interviews were qualitatively analyzed. The four largest categories of the traditional Appalachian diet were homegrown produce (25.8 percent), added fats and sugars (25.5 percent), sources of protein (20.1 percent), and sources of carbohydrates (13.9 percent). Within these individual categories, corn, wheat, potatoes, green beans, fatback, butter, soup beans, and pork were some of the ingredients most commonly mentioned. Findings reveal that the traditional Appalachian diet was primarily based on homegrown or gathered produce with the addition of added fats and sugars, protein, and carbohydrate sources.

Carrera unified formulation for bending and free vibration analysis of sandwich plate with FG-CNT faces considering the both soft and stiff cores

In this article, the bending and free vibration behavior of sandwich plates reinforced with functionally graded carbon nanotube (FG-CNT) were investigated based on the Carrera unified formulation(CUF). CUF is a technique which can handle a large category of plate models in a unified way. For FG-CNT, variable kinematic method was used to apply the properties of functionally graded CNTs, which reduce the degrees of freedom and increase the accuracy of the results. Accuracy and efficiency of the presented solution procedure are demonstrated by comparing the obtained results for the sandwich panel with the solution are available. It can be seen that the CUF is the robust method for modeling the sandwich plate with every configuration of CNTs. It must be mentioned, one of the capability of the CUF is that allows us to study the soft core considering the flexibility of the core which not reported in the literature. Therefore, results indicate that the CUF is a suitable model for analysis of the FG-CNT sandwich panels with both stiff and soft cores. A detailed numerical study is performed to examine the influence of soft and hard cores, different plate thickness ratios, different volume fractions of the CNTs, core to face sheet thickness, and also different types of nanotube configurations FG-X, FG-O, FG-VΛ, and FG-ΛV.

Impact of a big political event on stock market: The 2019 Presidential Election case

A national-scale political event has a big impact on the country’s economy. The most notorious political event in Indonesia is President and Vice President Election. This study is intrigued by a quest about whether that event impacted the stock market return. More specifically, did the event cause an abnormal stock return? To answer that curiosity, the authors took nine sectors of the Indonesia Stock Exchange as the research object. Each sector consists of 15 companies that are range from the small, medium, and large categories, based on market capitalization, debt/equity, revenue, and return on equity. This approach enables the authors to finally arrive at 135 units of analysis. The data is tested using the paired-samples t-test. This test reveals that there is no difference in abnormal returns before and after the 2019 President’s Election. In other words, there is no effect of the 2019 Presidential Election on stock return. Original Article | Turnitin

Metaanalysis of the Influence of Problem-Based Learning Model on Mathematic Problem Solving Ability

This study aims to determine: (1) Analyzing the effect size of the Problem-based Learning model on students' mathematical problem solving abilities; (2) To find out the meta-analysis of the effect of the problem-based learning model on students' mathematical problem solving abilities. Researchers meta-analyze journals about the effect of problem-based learning model on mathematical problem solving abilities with quantitative descriptive methods. The results showed that: (1) Of the 14 studies that met the criteria for a meta-analysis of the problem-based learning model in improving the mathematical problem solving ability of junior high school students, the highest effect size was 0.92; (2) The results of the meta-analysis of learning models on mathematical problem solving abilities are included in the large category with rRE = 0.53.

Strain-Driven Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction for Room-Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions.

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in magnets, which is usually derived from inversion symmetry breaking at interfaces or in noncentrosymmetric crystals, plays a vital role in chiral spintronics. Here we report that an emergent Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction can be achieved in a centrosymmetric material, La_{0.67}Sr_{0.33}MnO_{3}, by a graded strain. This strain-driven Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction not only exhibits distinctive two coexisting nonreciprocities of spin-wave propagation in one system, but also brings about a robust room-temperature magnetic skyrmion lattice as well as a spiral lattice at zero magnetic field. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of investigating chiral spintronics in a large category of centrosymmetric magnetic materials.

The Object of Jewish American Literary History

Abstract This essay explores assumptions underwriting literary categorization, focusing on Jewish American literary history in particular (mostly), and considers the scalar logic that allows us to link the singular text, with all of its luminous possibility, with the particular world of a given literary category. The essay’s first section critiques major claims about Jewish American literary history made over the last 20 years by observing the persistently underexamined use of a metaphorical and metaphysical concept of identity, and then lays out problems with scaling up between select texts and the larger category of a given field of literature. Problems of scale in Jewish American literary history are highlighted by comparison with recent critiques of African American literary history. Scale itself harbors problems of commensurability insofar as scaling between a single object and a set to which the object belongs requires acts of comparison which leap over differences of kind, a problem explored in the essay’s second section through analogies with problems of commensurability in the discipline of physics. The third section locates those problems of commensurability in Nicole Krauss’s novel Forest Dark (2017) and reads that novel’s direct confrontation with literary history as exemplifying how literary scholars can foreground multiplicity and possibility, precisely through the foregrounding of their own situated practice as interested agents. Rather than reproduce that figment by projecting a historically continuous and recognizable Jewishness across two centuries of literature, Jewish American literary studies should ally and coordinate itself with the field-questioning work occurring among Black and Latinx studies scholars who substantiate the salience of their field’s identity-based study, even as they depart from its historical formation.

Availability of forest plots for reforestation activities

Over the past decades, as a result of the economic use of forests, the impact of fires and biotic factors, the forest cover has undergone significant anthropogenic transformation. In certain forest conditions, reforestation is delayed for a long period, which leads to the accumulation of non-producing forest lands. The aim of the work was to develop a methodology for determining the criteria for accessibility of forest areas for carrying out reforestation activities on the example of the territory of the Taezhinsky forestry of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The area is dominated by deciduous plantations of average productivity. In the surveyed areas, natural regeneration is represented by soft-leaved species - birch and aspen of medium and large size categories from 1000 to 6000 pcs/ha. There is no natural regeneration of coniferous species. In these areas, it is necessary to create forest crops. The availability of forest areas for carrying out reforestation activities is limited by the transport, ecological and economic accessibility of forest crops. Within the boundaries of transport accessible quarters for carrying out reforestation activities, areas are identified that are suitable for soil and forest growing conditions for creating forest cultures with promising forest inventory characteristics not lower than grade III. The presented conditions correspond, first of all, to the green moss and forb groups of forest types. These plots constitute the second zone of silvicultural zoning, that is, an outstanding characteristic within the transport accessible quarters. The first stage of development includes forest areas of the II class of bonitet and higher, the second stage - III class of bonitet. Areas of quality class IV and below are reserved for natural reforestation.

Co-creating opportunities to incorporate cessation for electronic nicotine delivery systems in family medicine \u2013 a qualitative program evaluation

BackgroundThe number of Americans who use tobacco has decreased in the twenty-first century, but electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have increased the complexity of treating tobacco dependence. The experiences of 18 family medicine practices were explored and opportunities to improve ENDS cessation were co-created in this study.MethodsEighteen family medicine practices were enrolled into an implementation project to incorporate ENDS cessation into their practice. The participants’ experiences were explored throughout the project using an iterative qualitative approach. The research team provided technical assistance. Semi-structured group interviews and focus groups were held with participants at the beginning, middle, and end of the project to explore participants’ experiences. The collective knowledge and experiences of participants, expert consultants and the research team were fused together to co-create opportunities to improve ENDS cessation.ResultsNine opportunities to improve ENDS cessation were identified in three larger categories. The first category was leading change. This included: creating a vision for change to establish buy-in from key stakeholders and educate health care professionals to improve their confidence to address ENDS. The second category was creating processes. This included: establishing criteria for screening and quality improvement for ENDS cessation; being specific when asking about ENDS; creating electronic health record systems to support incorporating ENDS cessation; using chart audits if electronic health records cannot support incorporating ENDS into tobacco cessation; and assigning roles and responsibilities to members of the clinical care team. The third category was assisting patients who use ENDS. This included: educating patients and their parents/caregivers about ENDS and their potential harms, avoiding dual use, and developing a plan to quit.ConclusionsThis study highlights challenges and opportunities for incorporating ENDS cessation into family medicine. The opportunities outlined here provide a practical approach which is rooted in the experiences of family physicians and their clinical care teams working to improve how they address ENDS and based on peer reviewed literature and expert input. Improving how ENDS are addressed in family medicine will require more than clinical expertise. It will also require leadership skills and the ability to create process improvements.Trial registrationNot applicable

Feeding the dragon: The evolution of China’s fishery imports

This paper examines the changing face of China’s imports of fisheries products from the beginning of its market-oriented growth in the early 1990s to the present. We demonstrate how import demand has evolved by species group and country and examine the implications of these changes for the diversification of China’s sourcing of fisheries products. We also examine how China’s trade partners have changed in terms of governance and IUU risk. Finally, we examine four large product categories in depth to show how changes to underlying trends in domestic consumption, production and demand from export partners have shaped China’s indirect demands on the world’s fishery ecosystems through its imports.

Who Are Gun Owners in the United States? A Latent Class Analysis of the 2019 National Lawful Use of Guns Survey

We used data from the 2019 National Lawful Use of Guns Survey to segment the gun-owning population into different subcultural categories. Performing a latent class analysis, we introduce six types of indicators: (1) the types of firearm owned, (2) the reported primary reason for owning a firearm, (3) involvement in various gun-related activities, (4) Second Amendment activism, (5) the extent to which those in one’s social network own guns, and (6) measures of symbolic meanings attached to firearms. We introduce gender, race, U.S. region, and political affiliation as covariates. We find six classes of gun owners. The largest group (28 percent) is composed of family protectors who go to the shooting range and feel empowered by their guns. The second largest category (19 percent) is made up of incidental gun owners motivated by protection or family tradition. The third group (18 percent) consists of Second Amendment activists who engage in multiple gun-related activities and are resistant to social change. The fourth category (13 percent) contains target shooters. The fifth group (12 percent) is made up of hunters. The sixth category (11 percent), self-protectors, has a majority of women (51 percent). Our findings add to a very recent body of literature on variations in the meanings that guns have for people. In particular, we demonstrate that there are stark cultural differences between gun owners and that the body of existing research on this topic has mostly focused on the Second Amendment activists, who only represent about 18 percent of all gun owners.

Whither corporate financialization? A literature review

AbstractIn this paper, we review the burgeoning literature on the study of corporate financialization, distinguishing three strands of empirical, quantitative studies: (1) national‐level and macro‐comparative analysis, (2) sector‐ and firm‐level analysis, and (3) econometric studies. We argue that corporations should be studied in their spatial organization. The spatial organization of the firm can be used to obscure corporate activity. Geography is not simply one of the many features of corporate structure but is key to it and therefore fundamental to shaping corporate financialization, although this is insufficiently expressed in accounting principles that provide consolidated accounts. Finally, we suggest four avenues for future studies: (1) to expand the geographical and temporal scope of research; (2) to pay close attention to how indicators are constructed; (3) to deconstruct large categories of analysis, such as ‘financial assets’; (4) to systematically include liabilities in the analysis of non‐financial corporations, especially in the face of the abundance of credit.