Large Business Research Articles

BUSINESS CLIMATE INDEX. CALCULATION OF BUSINESS CLIMATE INDEX FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AND LARGE BUSINESSES

The article discusses the use of business activity indicators, based on data from the monthly monitoring of enterprises conducted by the Bank of Russia. It considers the indicators of the business climate, divided into large enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses, as these play an important role in the market economy and are more sensitive to crises but also more adaptive than larger businesses. Small and medium-sized business activity indices are in high demand among the business community, so the article focuses on this group of enterprises. General formulas for calculating the business climate indicator are provided by the Bank of Russia. Seasonally smoothed indicators of the business climate were analyzed and compared separately for large businesses and a group including small and medium-sized enterprises. Indicators were compared separately for small and medium enterprises, as well as within industries of small and medium businesses. The response of different groups and industries to economic changes, such as crises and structural transformations, was revealed. The business climate indicator for small and medium-sized companies was compared with the RSBI Support of Russia index. An alternative index was also created using the RSBI methodology, using monitoring data from the Bank of Russia. All calculated indices were compared, the level of correlation was checked, and they were compared with statistical data on small and medium enterprise turnover growth. The article explored the potential of using enterprise data to monitor and analyze the economy.

Indonesian SMEs' Competitive Advantage Through Organizational Agility: The Role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) To Small Business

The research objective analyzes competitive advantage through small business organizational agility through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) capabilities as an effort to increase competitive advantage. This study uses purposive sampling as a data collection technique; meanwhile, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with smartPLS software was employed as the data analysis technique. The data collection method is carried out through survey techniques by distributing questionnaires to respondents with random sampling. The number of 388 small business actors were treated as research respondents. Results showed that ICT capabilities contributed significantly to competitive advantage either directly or through the moderating variable of organizational agility. By integrating ICT as an antecedent variable, further research can focus on the factors determining the transformation of small businesses into medium and large businesses. Additionally, while ICT capability directly affects competitive advantage, its indirect impact, specifically via the business agility variable, is usually smaller. Therefore, business agility strengthens the indirect relationship between ICT capabilities and competitive advantage.

Developing innovation culture in traditional Asian corporations – the case of four large business organisations in Thailand

ABSTRACT This study investigates factors affecting innovation culture in ASEAN economies and proposes a model for building innovation culture in traditional organisations. Using multiple-case analysis, the research examines four large Thai businesses across conglomerate, retail, communication, and support service sectors. We employ qualitative methods, including interviews with innovation centre directors, mid-level management, and staff, to gather insights. The study identifies key strategies for fostering innovation culture in traditional Asian organisations by analysing commonalities. The resulting model emphasises leadership, strategy, and resource allocation as crucial elements for building and maintaining an innovative culture. This research contributes to both theoretical understanding of innovation culture in traditional Asian business organisations and practical application in organisation development. The findings provide valuable insights how to overcome cultural obstacles and foster innovation in traditional ASEAN economies to improve their global competitiveness by creating a corporate culture favourable for innovation.

Looking beyond disruption to build agile and resilient supply chains for the future

The events of recent years, ranging from geopolitical tensions and global health events to labour shortages and economic crises, have highlighted significant vulnerabilities within global supply chains and emphasised the need for agility and resilience. Recent studies referenced in this paper, including the ‘Global Business Optimism Insights’ report, underscore that while large businesses tend to prioritise strengthening their supply chains, smaller businesses are often more focused on customer base expansion, potentially risking operational robustness. This approach could jeopardise customer satisfaction due to failures in meeting on-time, in-full (OTIF) delivery metrics, leading to potential financial penalties and customer dissatisfaction. With that in mind, this paper aims to help supply chain organisations understand how they can obtain the agility and resilience needed to weather ongoing disruption and futureproof their operations. It provides recommendations on how this can be achieved, pointing to access to trusted, real-time data across the supply chain network as a critical component. The paper also identifies, however, that many supply chain businesses struggle to obtain this access to data for rapid and informed decision making. Research from InterSystems finds that this data challenge is further complicated by a lack of end-to-end supply chain visibility, which is often exacerbated by data silos created by disparate systems and manual processes. These visibility challenges negatively affect key performance indicators such as OTIF metrics and restrict an organisation’s ability to adapt to disruptions swiftly. The paper explores how supply chain organisations can overcome these difficulties, identifying investment in digital supply chain technologies such as decision intelligence platforms as a way in which they can bridge the real-time execution gap and enable supply chain leaders to optimise processes. These platforms integrate real-time data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to enhance visibility, decision making and operational efficiency. The paper draws the conclusion that building resilient, future-proof supply chains is crucial for organisations to manage disruptions and capitalise on opportunities effectively. In the wake of ongoing disruption, the paper aims to demonstrate that by adopting the right technological solutions and embracing a cultural shift to data-driven operations, supply chains can transform to better withstand future challenges and move their organisation forward, thus ensuring sustained growth and enhanced customer loyalty.

Economic Obligations in Implementing Corporate Social Policy of Large Entrepreneurial Structures in the Russian Federation

The subject of the article is economic obligations in the implementation of social policy of large business structures. The aim of the study is to describe and summarize the practices of implementing economic obligations in the corporate social responsibility of large business structures, supplemented by identifying its impact on the performance indicators of the enterprise. The object of the study is the public joint-stock company KAMAZ — the largest automobile corporation of the Russian Federation, one of the 20 leading world manufacturers of heavy trucks, promoting the positioning of a socially responsible enterprise, which is reinforced in practice by the company’s leading positions in thematic ratings. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of corporate social responsibility. Research methods include case study, correlation and regression analysis. As a result, the relationship between investments in human capital and labor productivity of personnel was proven. Social programs within the framework of internal corporate social responsibility affect the interest of employees in labor relations, increase motivation, level of involvement and activity of personnel. Furthermore, the analysis revealed and proved the connection between investments in sustainable development of the enterprise and revenue. Social security of employees and satisfaction with working conditions motivates them to work more conscientiously, increase the level of involvement and activity of personnel. Thus, the efficiency and quality of work performed by personnel increases, and this in turn has a positive impact on the financial results of the company.

(In)effective communication about social responsibility? Examining large european businesses in the Czech Republic

Purpose – Businesses are expected to be socially responsible by engaging in Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and even the Creation of shared values (CSV). The aim of this contribution is to critically explore whether large European businesses operating in Czechia, recognized as social responsibility leaders, effectively communicate CSR as opposed to their competitors. Research methodology – A case study with three stages was conducted. First, 35 large European businesses were identified, which repeatedly ranked among the TOP 25 Czech companies with the highest social responsibility BpS synthetic index, and their 15 competitors. Second, an Internet search and content analysis of Websites of these 50 companies was performed to categorize and assess how they report about their socially responsible behaviors. Third, leading Czech disinformation websites were examined for evidence of tacit cooperation with the disinformation scene in the form of support via advertising. Findings – The study revealed that large European businesses, recognized as social responsibility leaders, communicate extensively about their social responsibility. However, the effectiveness of such communications is controversial. In addition, a significant part of these businesses were found to be tacitly associated with disinformation platforms, which are completely at odds with with basic social responsibility concepts. Research limitations – The qualitative nature of the case study does not allow direct generalizations. Practical implications – The visualization of the juxtaposed results via comparative and complementary tables leads to pioneering propositions about the interest and lack of maturity regarding social responsibility, very diverse degrees of effectiveness of the communications, and even several alleged leaders failing in their efforts. Originality/Value – It is the first study to compare CSR communications by alleged white sheep and black sheep, while having consistency tested by association with disinformation websites. The generated propositions call for further longitudinal and multi-jurisdiction studies to verify and enhance the awareness about efficient, effective, mature and consistent social responsibility in the EU.

Quantifying the scientist–practitioner gap: How do small business owners react to our academic articles?

Abstract Much ink has been spilled on the scientist–practitioner gap, that is, the apparent divide between knowledge published in academic peer-reviewed journals and the actual business practices employed in modern organizations. Most prior papers have advanced meaningful theories on why the gap exists, ranging from poor communication skills on the part of academics to paywalls and other obstacles preventing the public from accessing research in industrial-organizational psychology (I-O). However, very few papers on the scientist–practitioner gap have taken an empirical approach to better understand why the gap exists and what can be done about it. In our focal article, we specifically discuss the gap as it pertains to small businesses and present empirical data on the topic. Drawing from our experiences working with and in small businesses before entering a PhD program, we suggest that a primary reason for the existence of this gap is the differences between large and small businesses, and we advance two theory-driven reasons for why this is the case. Next, we compiled abstracts and practical implications sections from articles published in top I-O journals in the past 5 years, then we collected ratings and open-ended text responses from subject matter experts (i.e., small business owners and managers) in reaction to reading these sections. We close by recommending several potential perspectives, both for and against our arguments, that peer commentators can take in their responses to our focal article.

SMALL BUSINESS IN THE ECONOMIC DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE DURING 2012 – 2022

The article analyzes the dynamics of formation and use of small business potential in promotion of socio-economic development of Ukraine. The novelty of the author's approach lies, first, in the focus on the characteristics of the functioning of small and micro-businesses, which allows to reflect the presence of specific trends that qualitatively distinguish the processes of adaptation and development of small business and require differentiation of approaches and theoretical foundations of their regulatory policy. Secondly, by taking into account the ratio of socio-economic efficiency achieved by small and large business, which is interpreted by the authors as a crucial sign of the potential for accelerating economic development that can be ensured by rationalizing the forms of interaction between large, medium and small business. Using the methods of comparative analysis of the dynamics of the contribution of micro, small, medium and large enterprises to the creation of added value and assessing the changes in the ratio of labor productivity at enterprises of different scales of economic activity, the authors substantiate the conclusion about the leading role of small enterprises in ensuring the expansion of factor income creation: it is small enterprises that have increased the scale of value creation, in fact, have become the only center of growth against the background of ten years of stagnation in the groups of large and medium enterprises. The authors also substantiate the dominance of the trend of convergence of the basic indicator of economic efficiency of enterprises of different sizes and interpret this trend as a critically important feature of the small business functioning in Ukraine: in an extremely unstable macroeconomic environment, small businesses are able not only to maintain and even expand their resource potential, but also to approach medium and large enterprises in terms of economic efficiency, in the first place, with the higher competitiveness inherent in this segment of the domestic economy and, accordingly, with more incentives to increase efficiency as a leading factor in the realization of the tasks of business owners

Using Data Mining Principles in Implementing Predictive Analytics to Different Areas

This study delves into the realm of information-based knowledge discovery technologies and underscores the growing necessity for extensive data representation to enhance the management of care and mitigate the financial costs associated with promoting long-term care. The proliferation of information collected and disseminated through the Internet has reached unprecedented levels in the context of long-term financial health statistics, posing a challenge for businesses to effectively leverage this wealth of data for research purposes. The explicit specification of costs becomes paramount when dealing with substantial volumes of data. Consequently, the literature on the application of big data in logistics is categorized based on the nature of methods employed, such as explanatory, predictive, regulatory, strategic, and operational approaches. This includes a comprehensive examination of how big data analysis is applied within large corporations. In the healthcare domain, the study contributes to the evaluation of usability by providing a framework to analyze the maturity of structures at four distinct levels. The emphasis is particularly on the pivotal role played by predictive analytics in the healthcare industry through big data methodologies. Furthermore, the study advocates for a paradigm shift in management's perception of large business data sets, urging them to view these as strategic resources that must be seamlessly integrated into the company. This integration is seen as imperative for achieving comprehensive business analysis and staying competitive in the ever-evolving landscape of healthcare. The study concludes by shedding light on the limitations inherent in the research and delineating the specific focus areas that have been addressed.

The State of Public-Private Partnerships in Times of Global Economic Disruption

Growth in large private business enterprises in the 20th century established an environment that enabled a competitive relationship through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) with the public sector, which historically suffered from inefficiencies and an over-reliance on projects and services, especially in emerging economies. PPPs can positively impact public safety, quality of life, new economic opportunities, poverty reduction, and benefit from long-term private capital and outside expertise. However, PPP investment is sensitive to critical factors such as: the macroeconomic environment, institutional and regulatory conditions, market size, rule of law, and enforceable contracts, among others. Thus, managing PPP projects is a very complex task, due to its multidisciplinary characteristics and the involvement of multiple stakeholders. In times of global economic disruption, this task becomes even more challenging. This study presents threats and opportunities for the execution of PPPs in times of global crises and their relationship with globalization trends.

Prototypically small: an exploration of consumers’ small business prototypes

PurposeAs consumers interact with various small businesses, they develop a mental image, called a prototype, to represent what small businesses are as a generalized, conceptual category. However, prior research has said little about what this small business prototype entails. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore consumers’ perceptions of the prototypical small business by identifying common attributes among small businesses that differentiate them from large businesses.Design/methodology/approachThis study undertakes a thorough review of the relevant consumer research literature for the attributes that consumers use to evaluate small businesses. Then, using a contemporary parallel analysis approach, it conducts an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a sample of 266 university students who were asked to evaluate how common those attributes are of small businesses. A second comparative EFA for large businesses is also conducted.FindingsThe EFA reveals two dimensions on which consumers evaluate small businesses: a sincere–authentic dimension and a disruptive–innovative dimension. Specifically, consumers view the prototypical small business to be relatively high on sincere–authentic and moderate on disruptive–innovative dimensions.Originality/valueThrough a comprehensive literature review and exploratory analysis, this study provides a novel understanding of consumers’ conceptualizations of small businesses. In studying the mental image consumers associate with the prototypical small business, this research fills a significant gap in the existing literature and provides important insights for practitioners and researchers alike.

Impact of socio-economic dynamic of SMEs and large enterprises in GCC

This article emphasizes the importance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and large companies in driving economic growth. SMEs are labour-intensive and agile, creating more jobs, while large companies are capital-intensive and rely on technology, having more resources for research and development. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, SMEs contribute significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and job opportunities, while large companies dominate specific sectors. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach using an extensive literature review to summarize the current literature, highlight the economic impact of SMEs and large companies in GCC, and highlight the importance of large companies in developing local citizens. Policy-makers must consider these differences to integrate these dynamic changes for effective support policies. This study examines the economic impact of SMEs and large companies in the GCC region, providing recommendations to support large businesses. It addresses challenges and opportunities related to employment, household earnings, economic output, and value addition. Promoting the economic impact of SMEs and large companies can lead to sustainable economic growth and development in the GCC region. Also, this article pointed out the importance of large companies and their economic impact in the GCC region; policy recommendations will help the governing bodies in decision-making towards promoting sustainable economic growth.

Modeling a poiseuille flow through a rectangular pipe in a floor slab (PSD)

This study was devoted to the modeling of a laminar fluid flow in a pipe of the rectangular section located in a floor slab. This theme was raised because of its relevance in the large business sector as well as in the areas of energy saving and storage at the residential scale. The equations of motion quantity and heat transport are the classical equations of forced convection. However, to describe the movement amount within the heating slab pipeline, Prandtl simplified model was most appropriate. In addition, this model retains the most important terms for a laminar regime flow. In addition, the modeling of fluid flow conservation in the pipeline was taken into account in the equation system. To achieve the above-mentioned objective, a numerical resolution was made for the system resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations that govern this fluid flow. These equations were discretized by an implicit finite difference method. The system of algebraic equations as well as obtained was solved by the algorithm of Gauss and the algorithm of Thomas. The results obtained such as: the evolution of the fluid velocity profile within the slab according to pipeline to the Reynolds number variation, the fluid temperature have clearly demonstrated the Poiseuille effect on fluid flow. Moreover, the stabilization of the Gauss algorithm and the Thomas algorithm in this numerical modeling was well verified against the tricks that were taken into consideration. The result of this study was that Thomas algorithm and Gauss algorithm are the best in this type of numerical modeling.

Centralised Development and Inactive Business Sector: The Case of Nakhon Si Thammarat City Municipality

This article examines the relationship between the business sector and the policymaking of Nakhon Si Thammarat City Municipality in Southern Thailand. We find that business influence on local policy remains highly limited. We argue that this is primarily due to two factors: political and economic centralisation which limits the capacity of the municipal government, and the limited economic opportunities for medium and large businesses within the municipal borders. The result is that medium and large firms tend to focus their attention on and cultivate links with officials at the provincial and national level. At the same time, small businesses have expanded in the municipality. However, their inability to coordinate to make collective demands limits their influence on municipal policymaking. Instead, small entrepreneurs individually lobby the local government through the same channels as the general public, appealing for allocations from the government's limited community service budget.

The many features which make the eIDAS 2 Digital Wallet either risky or the ideal vehicle for the transition to post-quantum encryption

The amended Digital Identity Framework Regulation (“eIDAS 2″) is expected to be implemented by 2026, including its new solution of the Digital Identity Wallet from each Member State for its residents, citizens, and businesses. Widely used public key cryptosystems including those in the current EUDI Wallet prototypes are using electronic signatures and authentication that will need to be replaced by post-quantum resistant cryptography (PQC). In April 2024, the EU recommended general action by the Member States to prepare for quantum capability. We suggest that the European Digital Identity Wallet could be the starting point for an impactful debut of hybrid “quantum resistant” cryptography tools to align the Member States in the transition. We look at the awareness campaigns of ENISA and national cybersecurity authorities in the USA, Spain, UK and Germany on the transition to PQC using a hybrid approach. There seems to be some early consensus that NIST's PQC algorithms are likely to set the international standard. Given the eIDAS 2′s flexible, technologically neutral language, it allows the timely implementation of new secure encryption methods. The Wallet could be an exemplary model for large businesses, or app developers, and SMEs that also must transition to PQC to render secure those asymmetrically encrypted quantum-vulnerable digital assets. A very large and relatively fast uptake of the EUDI Wallet system is expected, and if it holds the promises of functionality, user friendliness, and security across the changing technological world, the EUDI Wallet's approach could become a benchmark for the transition to post-quantum capacity.

Individual entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: The mediating role of sustainable entrepreneurship practices

The entrepreneurship landscape has undergone a significant transformation towards sustainability in both large and small business firms. This study investigated the effect of individual entrepreneurship orientation on sustainable entrepreneurship practices and firm performance of fisheries small and medium enterprises. The study used a structured questionnaire to gather data from a sample of 389 entrepreneurs working in the Tanzanian Nile perch fishery in Lake Victoria. Descriptive statistics and the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique were used to analyse the quantitative data. The study's findings indicated that the risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness substantially impact sustainable entrepreneurship practices in fisheries small and medium enterprises but does not have a direct relationship with the firm's performance except for the innovativeness. Additionally, it was discovered that sustainable entrepreneurship practices have a complete mediation role in risk-taking and proactiveness, while they have a partial mediation role in innovativeness. Therefore, the study recommends advocacy for policies and incentives to foster the implementation of sustainable entrepreneurship enterprises among small and medium enterprises in the fisheries industry for sustainable businesses and the natural environment.

FORMATION OF EFFECTIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN GEORGIA WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF

Besik Kvachantiradze E-mail: b.kvatchantiradze@gmail.com PhD Students,Batumi Shota Rustaveli state University Batumi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-1007 Abstract: The article discusses the stages of formation of the business environment of Georgia and the ways of its improvement with the cooperation of the European Union. Strengthening relations with the European Union has been the main goal of Georgia's foreign policy for years. Small and medium-sized enterprises, which are the basis of the successful development of the European Union, in recent decade have been operating in close collaboration with large businesses. Therefore, in our opinion, it is interesting to analyze the ratio of large, medium and small enterprises in the European Union. Since Georgia has taken the direction to European development, a number of reforms have been implemented in the country to encourage small and medium-sized businesses, which in turn has a possitive effect on the development of the country's overall economy. In addition to the state support for small businesses in the European Union, all member states have their own national system for stimulating the development of small businesses, the purpose of which is to create an economic climate that will contribute to the creation of economic conditions and normal functioning. This, in the first place, includes the creation of national institutions and the organization of financial assistance, training system for enterprise manager and entrepreneurs who want to start independent activities. Under taking European experience and mechanisms into consideration, a number of projects were implemented in Georgia, which contributed to the expansion and development of Georgian small and medium-sized businesses, in addition, retraining of the Georgian workforce and adjusting working conditions to European standards. Moreover, Georgia can greatly accelerate its economic development, strengthen its competitiveness and achieve its goals - through sustainable growth and job creation. Cooperation with the European Union offers Georgia great opportunities for learning, innovation and integration into the global economy. The article offers recommendations and suggestions that focus on creating closer relations with the European Union and attracting more foreign investment, which will ensure the economic prosperity of the country. Keywords: Business environment, small and medium business, cooperation with the European Union. JEL classification: O1, G2, E4

Penyuluhan Terkait Pentingnya Komunikasi Branding dan Strategi Promosi Untuk Meningkatkan Pelanggan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah

With the advancement of technology, competition in the mid-to-low-end business sector has intensified. Both large businesses and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are facing challenges and obstacles. On the other hand, MSMEs will have greater opportunities to market their products due to advances in information technology. When starting a business, branding communication is very important. Each individual has a different brand image. By using the right promotional strategy, effective branding communication can provide consumers with the opportunity to recognize certain goods and services, evaluate their quality, reduce purchase risks, and get different experiences and satisfaction. Every business field must have a strategy to increase sales. The right promotional strategy can communicate branding well. To achieve goals, every business sector needs a promotional strategy, especially for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Promotion planning is carried out to improve services and sales by introducing products to potential customers and improving services by focusing on online-based promotions by utilizing social media and marketing through the marketplace. In a startup business, where the business has just started and continues to grow, business actors are considered necessary to continue to develop products and find the right target market. The purpose of this Community Service activity is to provide an assessment of branding and promotional communication strategies to increase customers for this startup business.

Analisis Rantai Pasok Ayam Pedaging Pada Peternakan di Desa Kemiri Kecamatan Jenangan Kabupaten Ponorogo

The farmer's chicken supply chain is a complex system that involves various stages starting from selecting chicken seeds, rearing, feeding, health management, to distribution of the final product to the market. Distribution Channels are closely related to the Supply Chain process, both of which are important in a business, both large and small businesses. The aim of this research is to determine the Broiler Chicken Supply Chain at Kemiri Village Broiler Farms, Jenangan District, Ponorogo Regency. The research method used is observation, interviews and documentation. This broiler farm is under contract with PT. Bintang Tama to supply feed, vitamin medicine, chicken seeds, and also chicken brokers/collectors. Chicken seeds come from PT.Bintang Tama Sentosa after which the chickens are bred for 28 days to 35 days according to the contract with the broker/collector, in 1 harvest/livestock from 3000 seedlings to harvest, the estimated death is 200 deaths, this process cannot be separated from the control carried out by the livestock manager. Chicken farming here is managed well, starting with providing different feeds. Meat chicken seeds are fed with the types of feed, namely pre starter, starter, and finisher, this feed is given at 3 different/not the same age periods for the chickens in 1 harvest. Pak Endra's Farm – Agent – Broiler Chicken Entrepreneur – Market/Restaurant – Final Consumer.

Performance Evaluation of OpenStack Cloud Integrated with SDN Controller

The Internet is undergoing a revolution thanks to the development of a very popular recent technology trend - “Cloud Computing”. Large, small, and medium-sized businesses organizations, as well as individuals increasingly prefer to use cloud computing services due to their many advantages. Furthermore, the widespread implementation of cloud computing in large enterprises is an indicator of the technological advancement of information technology companies. It helps in the efficient allocation and utilization of infrastructure, power, and resources. In the meantime, centralized control provided by software-defined networking (SDN) allows for flexibility in operations and management. For that reason, there has been an adequate amount of research and application of combining these two objects over the years. In this study, we will evaluate network performance between virtual machines in terms of bandwidth, latency, and system performance interms of CPU, RAM, etc. in OpenStack with and without integration of SDN Controller - Tungsten Fabric (TF).