Large Bowl Research Articles

A Portfolio of Hohokam Life Forms in the Norton Allen Collection

A Portfolio of Hohokam Life Forms in the Norton Allen Collection Mike Jacobs The vast majority of Hohokam painted pottery is decorated with a profusion of geometric designs, both curvilinear and rectilinear. Less common are depictions of humans and animals, with recognizable depictions of plants being almost unknown. Presented here are most of the whole vessels from the Norton Allen Collection showing life forms, and a selection of sherds that show other variations. Many closely resemble the depictions found at Snaketown, and it is quite possible that some of the pots found in Gila Bend sites were traded into the area from Snaketown or other sites in the Phoenix Basin. Mike Jacobs is archaeological collections curator at the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson. Journal of the Southwest 52, 2 and 3 (Summer-Autumn 2010) : 255–276 256 ✜ Journal of the Southwest Figure 1. Santa Cruz Red-on-buff flare-rim bowl with human forms, c. ad 850–950. This large flare-rim bowl has an offset quartered layout where the quadrants depict lines of four or five hand-in-hand figures, the end figures each holding a wandlike device. The central motif depicts a line of five handin -hand figures, the end figures likewise holding wandlike devices. About 60 percent of this bowl was restored by Norton Allen, but the original fabric conforms to typical Middle Gila Buff Ware paste and temper. Documentation in the Norton Allen Collection archives indicates that Allen obtained it through trade with another collector. That the decoration on this bowl depicts a moment in a Hohokam ceremony surely cannot be doubted. The decoration probably depicts lines of choristers holding batons or wands, perhaps tipped with feathers, not unlike those described by Julian D. Hayden for the vikita of the Tohono O’odham (Hayden 1987). The vikita has been described as a harvest or world-renewal ceremony, once conducted at yearly intervals by the southern Tohono O’odham and at four-year intervals by the northern Tohono O’odham (Fontana 1987:259). But the antiquity of the vikita is unclear. No account of it is known from the Hispanic period; the earliest references are from the mid-nineteenth century from calendar sticks kept by the Tohono O’odham (Fontana 1987:260). That it could be an evolved version of a prehistoric Hohokam ceremony is possible but probably not susceptible of proof. ASM cat. no. 97-194-152, Cashion Site, height 12.2 cm, diameter 28.5 cm. (Photograph by Jannelle Weakly, ASM 2010-50-image11) Published

Bronzealderens keramik – En kilde til forståelse af kommunikation og social interaktion i bronzealderen

Bronzealderens keramik – En kilde til forståelse af kommunikation og social interaktion i bronzealderen

Without Tongue: 10 Minute Play

Without Tongue: 10 Minute Play Angie Cruz (bio) Produced: Al Doblar La Esquina / Around The Block Fifth Annual Raymond J. Flores Short Play Series: (July 2008) and Metro Works Stage and Screen, Abingdon Theatre Complex (May 15–17 2003) [MONTERO (light skinned, handsome, well built Latino male) and ADRIANA (brown skinned Dominican hipster) are sitting inside a hip Indian restaurant in the East Village, NYC. It’s ADRIANA’S 22nd birthday. MONTERO is anxious and nervously folding and unfolding the cloth napkin on his lap. Dinner has been served. ADRIANA looks around to see if she knows anyone, sitting up straight, looking fabulous and eager. A waiter hovers nearby. (Note: MONTERO’S Spanish is from Spain and ADRIANA’S is Dominican.)] MONTERO: I have something to tell you. ADRIANA: Not with that face. It’s my birthday and I don’t want to be serious right now. Try the banana pakoras, with the green sauce. They remind me of Mami’s reqaitos. MONTERO: If I don’t tell you now I might never tell you. ADRIANA: If you keep pushing in your eyebrows like that you’ll destroy your acting career. Can you please stop looking at me that way? Try the mullagatony. I love it here. Don’t you? MONTERO: I’ve been meaning to talk to you about this for a while. ADRIANA: I can’t believe that today I’m 22. Do you know what that means? That next year I’ll be in my mid-twenties. I’ll be able to wear red lipstick and not feel like I’m trying to prove something. My face will have earned the drama. MONTERO: With what you’ve been through in life, you can do whatever it is that you want. ADRIANA: Do you really think so? [End Page 120] [ADRIANA checks her reflection on the large copper fruit bowl by their table.] MONTERO: You know how I feel about you? Right? ADRIANA: No I don’t, tell me again. [She puts her fingers on his lips.] But before you say anything . . . [to waiter] Can you get us some water? [WAITER nods and turns away to fetch the water.] MONTERO: You’re one of the most amazing women I’ve ever met. ADRIANA: If I’m so great why haven’t you tried to kiss me? Not once. All these years we’ve known each other and I’ve been throwing you indirectas . . . MONTERO: . . . or not so indirectas. ADRIANA: What are you trying to say? MONTERO: When you undress in front of me and slip into something more comfortable, believe me honey, that’s not an indirecta. That’s a full come and fuck me now or else. ADRIANA: You don’t have to be so loud. Can’t you see people are watching us now? You say fuck and the whole world wants to listen. I wonder if I said fuck every other sentence at work, maybe the principle at my school would pay attention to me [ADRIANA looks around for WAITER.] Where’s that water? MONTERO: Paciencia. He’ll be here in a minute. ADRIANA: Fuck! I want some water. [WAITER appears at the table.] You see what I’m saying. Vulgarity is the only thing that gets us what we want. It’s a shame. [MONTERO grabs ADRIANA’S hand from across the table. He's trying to get her undivided attention.] [End Page 121] MONTERO: I really want to tell you something. [ADRIANA looks at him and laughs.] Why are you laughing? I’m trying to be serious here. ADRIANA: Why does anyone laugh? Laughter is one of those things. It’s what we utter when we’re exposed, when we feel uncomfortable. And that look you have as if you could read my mind is weirding me out. MONTERO: I need you to listen. [ADRIANA shoves a piece of paratha bread in MONTERO’S mouth.] ADRIANA: Can you believe I’m 22 today. Feels like yesterday I turned 21. Remember that night we went to the Bahamas for a day for 99 dollars. And we were sitting on the beach and we made a pact that if we weren’t married to anyone...

Convectional and sedimentation dissipative patterns of Miso soup

Convectional and sedimentation dissipative patterns of Miso soup, one of the traditional Japanese soups, were observed in a Miso soup bowl, a green tea Ochawan (cup), a glass cup, a large glass bowl, and a large watch glass. When Miso soup was set in the substrates, the distorted Benard cells were soon observed after the initial irregular circulations, and the holes grew large at the cross points of the neighboring three Benard cells. The global integrated flow direction of convections at the liquid surface was from the center area toward the outside edge during the periods of formation of the distorted Benard cells. Meanwhile, the reversal of the global flow direction, from outward to inward, at the liquid surface took place. Furthermore, the inward flow at the surface, i.e., the outward flow at the bottom, was accompanied with the broad ring-like sedimentation patterns. The most plausible kinetic scheme of the change in the convectional patterns is proposed in this work.

Sublethal haematological effects of zinc on the freshwater fish, Heteroclarias sp. (Osteichthyes: Clariidae)

-1 ) of zinc in water for a period of fifteen (15) days. Three groups of ten fish were subjected to serial dilutions of the stock solution of zinc of 0 (control), 5.0 and 10.0 mg L -1 in three large plastic bowls of 60 litres capacity by the semistatic (renewal) method. At the end of the 15 days exposure period, blood samples were taken from the control and experimental fish. Blood was assayed for selected haematological parameters (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, differential white blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total plasma protein and plasma glucose concentration). The derived haematological indices of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated. Sublethal concentrations (5.0 and 10.0 mg L -1 ) of zinc caused a dose dependent decrease in haemoglobin values, coupled with a decrease in haematocrit values and red blood cell counts are obvious indication of anemia of the norm chronic type. The total white blood cell counts and the differential white blood cell counts were decreased except for the lymphocytes in which there was a slight increase. Plasma level of protein and glucose were also lower in the exposed fish when compared to the control. The haematological indices MCHC, MCH and MCV were also lowered. In conclusion, the changes observed indicate that haematological parameters can be used as an indicator of zinc related stress in fish on exposed to elevated zinc levels.

English

  Laboratory study was undertaken to evaluate some haematological changes resulting from the exposure of a freshwater fish, Heteroclarias sp. to sublethal concentrations (5.0 and 10.0 mg L-1) of zinc in water for a period of fifteen (15) days. Three groups of ten fish were subjected to serial dilutions of the stock solution of zinc of 0 (control), 5.0 and 10.0 mg L-1 in three large plastic bowls of 60 litres capacity by the semistatic (renewal) method. At the end of the 15 days exposure period, blood samples were taken from the control and experimental fish. Blood was assayed for selected haematological parameters (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, differential white blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total plasma protein and plasma glucose concentration). The derived haematological indices of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated. Sublethal concentrations (5.0 and 10.0 mg L-1) of zinc caused a dose dependent decrease in haemoglobin values, coupled with a decrease in haematocrit values and red blood cell counts are obvious indication of anemia of the norm chronic type. The total white blood cell counts and the differential white blood cell counts were decreased except for the lymphocytes in which there was a slight increase. Plasma level of protein and glucose were also lower in the exposed fish when compared to the control.  The haematological indices MCHC, MCH and MCV were also lowered. In conclusion, the changes observed indicate that haematological parameters can be used as an indicator of zinc related stress in fish on exposed to elevated zinc levels.   Key words: Zinc, haematology, anaemia, glucose, protein, Heteroclarias,Nigeria.

American Indian Studies Association–Student Association

American Indian Studies Association–Student Association Ki-Shan Lara (bio) Many generations ago, along the Klamath River, there lived a wise woman who wove the most beautiful baskets known to mankind. Her baskets were woven so tight that water could not penetrate them. She was aging and had many experiences to share. Through prayer, she began to weave a basket for the people. The wise woman worked day after day, weaving, praying, and singing. As her strong hands moved gracefully over her materials, she shared a story to be retold, a song to be sung again, and a lesson to be learned. When she finished, she had created a large beautiful basket bowl. She placed the basket in the river at Weitspus, where two rivers join together, and stood silent as the basket began its journey. The basket seemed to tip-toe across the gentle breakers, it moved along more quickly as it hit the swift currents, and swirled ever so purposeful into the eddies. Round and round, the basket turned through the trials and tribulating water and then burst free into the swift, shallow flow of the river. At times, the basket glided gently atop the deep holes of the river. All life that swam below watched with great interest. Although the villagers lived within their own unique environment, each village anticipated the basket's presence. The old woman understood the human need for knowledge and contribution. As such, the people picked up the basket, rejoiced in the lessons, and they too added prayers and allowed the basket to continue its journey. After many stops, the basket reached Requa, the mouth of the Klamath River. It made three final spins, reflecting a ceremonial journey, and drifted its way over the rough water of the mouth and into the belly of [End Page 103] the Pacific Ocean. All that the basket had to offer made its final journey into the sunset, where it exists eternally. This story has been with the Yurok people since time immemorial. As with many oral traditions, we are constantly learning from these intricate pieces of knowledge. In one of the many interpretations of this story, the river mirrors time and the villages symbolize each generation with its own unique environment. When listening to this story, one must ask, "What might have been if villagers would have sat back and watched the basket travel by? What would have been missed if there was neither learning nor contribution?" This story serves as a challenge to "pick up the basket," to learn, to contribute, and to protect our history while nurturing our future. With this philosophy in mind, the American Indian Studies Association–Student Association (AISA–SA) was formulated. We would like to acknowledge our ancestors who fought for our survival, our grandparents who fought for our inherent rights, our parents who fought to maintain those rights, and scholars such as Elizabeth Cook Lynn, Gregory Cajete, James Riding In, Michael Yellow Bird, and the late Vine Deloria Jr. who have dedicated their lives to contributing to the field of American Indian studies. We value the strength, resilience, experiences, and knowledge of these generations. We recognize the importance of the flow of information from one generation to the next, as well as the significance of learning and contribution. Therefore, it is the goal of the AISA–SA to learn, to contribute, to support undergraduate and graduate native scholars, to identify individuals who believe in the ideals and goals of American Indian studies/Native American studies, and to establish a national community of like-minded scholars. At the American Indian Studies Association Conference held at Arizona State University, the Student Association nominated and elected a chairman: D. J. Worley (full-blooded Dine'/Mescalaro/ Ilokanos/German/Irish) from the University of California–Davis; a vice-chairman: Jerold Blain (Benton Paiute) from the University of California–Davis; a board member representative: Ki-Shan Lara (Hupa/Yurok) from Arizona State University; and five board members: Elise Boxer (Dakota) from Arizona State University, Leo Kills Back (Northern Cheyenne) from the University of Arizona, Dina Barajas (Hopi) from the University of Arizona, Lori Laiwa (Pomo) from the University of California–Davis, and Amber Bill (Pyramid...

Literature aesthetics of a large bowl and a large sound of Mr. Yulgok

Literature aesthetics of a large bowl and a large sound of Mr. Yulgok

Clinical significance of heat shock protein 10 in large bowel carcinoma

To investigate the expression of heat shock protein 10 (HSP10) during genesis and development of large bowel carcinoma and discuss the clinical significance about its expression. The expression of HSP10 was observed in specimens from normal colonic mucosa (NC), colorectal adenomas (CA) and colorectal adenocarcinomas (CAC) by immunohistochemistry EnVision™. Its correlations to clinicopathologic features, as well as to postoperative survival time of large bowel carcinoma patients were analyzed. The expression of HSP10 was common in normal colonic mucosa, colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas and more intensive in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas than that in normal colonic mucosa (P < 0.001). The positive expression of HSP10 had no correlation to clinicopathologic features, including age, gender, primary tumor, infiltrating of regional lymph node, metastasis, clinical stage and histopathology of large bowel carcinoma patients, as well as to their postoperative survival time. HSP10 was overexpressed in the early stage of colorectal adenocarcinoma suggesting that it could serve as an index for early diagnosis of large bowl carcinoma. The positive expression of HSP10 had no correlation to clinicopathologic features or postoperative survival time of large bowel carcinoma patients.

Author's Response to Comment 2

We agree with Mr Ahmad in that the irrigation system described requires an assistant to hold the limb and the surgeon to irrigate the wound. The hole in the middle of the sucker is plugged by the surgeon and the wound subsequently irrigated. However, in terms of the Yankauer sucker acting as a sprinkler system, it does indeed work very well for large wounds and does decrease wound contamination in our experience. The trick is to place the distal end of the sucker about 2–3 cm from the wound and in the centre of the wound with a large bowl underneath the limb. Furthermore, we do acknowledge that this is a high-flow, low-pressure system which has been mentioned in our original text.

Luminescent Vesicles, Tubules, Bowls, and Star Micelles from Ruthenium−Bipyridine Block Copolymers

We report the first detailed study on the self-assembly of diblock copolymers containing the luminescent metal complex Ru(bpy)32+, which were constructed by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Control over the block length, overall polymer length, polymer concentration, and solution conditions has led to the reproducible formation of a number of solution morphologies including vesicles, tubules, large compound micelles, star micelles, and bowls, which all contain Ru(bpy)32+ within the micellar core/vesicle wall. These morphologies hold interesting potential for the facile organization of architectures useful in catalysis and light harvesting.

Diffusion tensor imaging

It is said that knowledge doubles every 2.5 years. In the field of diagnostic imaging the doubling time is probably shorter due to the rapid pace of technological advances. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and its potential application to neurologic disease represents one such advance. DTI is a special form of diffusion-weighted imaging that allows the assessment and visualization of large white matter fibers on a millimeter-level multidimensional scale.1 Although we can visualize and differentiate white and gray matter with standard MRI pulse sequences, they do not allow us to examine the integrity or directionality of white matter tracts. DTI takes advantage of the diffusivity of water and the restrictions imposed on the diffusion of water by white matter fiber tracts. When fiber tracts are dense, for example, the restriction imposed by their density leads to directionally dependent or anisotropic diffusion. By analogy, if an ink drop is placed in a narrow or oval tube the diffusion of that ink drop will adjust to the shape of the tube. In contrast, if a drop of ink is placed in a large bowl of water the drop of ink will be more spherical …

Mindless Eating

How aware are people of food-related decisions they make and how the environment influences these decisions? Study 1 shows that 139 people underestimated the number of food-related decisions they made—by an average of more than 221 decisions. Study 2 examined 192 people who overserved and overate 31% more food as a result of having been given an exaggerated environmental cue (such as a large bowl). Of those studied, 21% denied having eaten more, 75% attributed it to other reasons (such as hunger), and only 4% attributed it to the cue. These studies underscore two key points: First, we are aware of only a fraction of the food decisions we make. Second, we are either unaware of how our environment influences these decisions or we are unwilling to acknowledge it.

Ice Cream Illusions: Bowls, Spoons, and Self-Served Portion Sizes

Because people eat most of what they serve themselves, any contextual cues that lead them to over-serve should lead them to over-eat. In building on the size-contrast illusion, this research examines whether the size of a bowl or serving spoon unknowingly biases how much a person serves and eats. The 2 x 2 between-subjects design involved 85 nutrition experts who were attending an ice cream social to celebrate the success of a colleague in 2002. They were randomly given either a smaller (17 oz) or a larger (34 oz) bowl and either a smaller (2 oz) or larger (3 oz) ice cream scoop. After serving themselves, they completed a brief survey as their ice cream was weighed. The analysis was conducted in 2003. Even when nutrition experts were given a larger bowl, they served themselves 31.0% more (6.25 vs 4.77 oz, F(1, 80) = 8.05, p < 0.01) without being aware of it. Their servings increased by 14.5% when they were given a larger serving spoon (5.77 vs 5.04 oz, F(1, 80)=2.70, p = 0.10). People could try using the size of their bowls and possibly serving spoons to help them better control how much they consume. Those interested in losing weight should use smaller bowls and spoons, while those needing to gain weight--such as the undernourished or aged--could be encouraged to use larger ones. Epidemiologic implications are discussed.

The Visual Illusions of Food: Why Plates, Bowls, and Spoons Can Bias Consumption Volume

Objective Although the vast majority of our food is consumed from plates, bowls, and spoons, there still is little evidence as to how their size may influence consumption behavior. We investigate how the size of plates and spoons influences serving and consumption volume. Based on the Ebbinghaus-Titchener size-contrast illusion, we show people tend to underestimate the amount they dish into large plates and bowls Two field studies show that when children and adults serve themselves, as a result of a size-contrast illusion, they serve and consume more cereal when given a larger plate compared to those given a smaller plate, even though they perceive the opposite to be true. In a third study, these findings are generalized by showing comparable effects of spoon size when consumers serve cough medicine on teaspoons, tablespoons and serving spoons. Finally, we examine the interaction effect of plate and spoon size on the serving and consumption volume of ice cream.

Relationship of nutrients and food to colorectal cancer risk in Koreans

To elucidate possible associations between dietary factors and colorectal cancer in the context of the Korean diet, a case-control study was conducted in Seoul, Korea. Cases (n = 136) were patients either newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer or with large bowl adenomatous polyps. Control patients (n = 134) included those with no history of cancer and conditions potentially unrelated to nutritional status and digestive tract diseases from the same hospitals. Intakes of nutrients and food groups were assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and analyzed by the logistic regression model adjusted for possible confounding variables. Significant trends of decreasing risk of colorectal cancer emerged with more frequent intakes of vitamin A (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15-0.65 for the highest tertile), β-carotene (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.12-0.52), and vitamin C (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.14-0.61). The protective associations were also observed for calcium (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21-0.86) and fiber (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.25-1.05). Energy consumption was associated with an increased risk in the highest tertile of consumption (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.01-4.12). The highest tertiles of rice, cake, and fish intakes were related to higher colorectal cancer risk (OR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.41-6.91; OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.13-5.03; OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.21-5.26, respectively). Inverse associations of risk were found for milk (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.15-0.58), kimchi (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.20-0.84), vegetable (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16-0.71), and fruit (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.24-1.02) intakes. This study further supports the protective effects of antioxidant vitamins and calcium associated with vegetable and milk consumptions and confirms a relevant role of dietary intake against colorectal cancer risk for Koreans.

TU-C-J-6B-08: A Variational Deformable Image Registration Method Capable of Handling Large Organ Deformation

Purpose: The goal of this research is to develop an accurate and reliable deformable image registration algorithm capable of handling large organ deformations for mapping daily CT images to the reference planning CT. Method and Materials: We previously developed a diffusion-based deformable image registration algorithm using Thirion's “demons” algorithm. However, this implementation did not work well when large deformations occurred. In this study, we proposed a variational approach for deformable image registration within a multigrid computational framework. The differences of the two images were measured and minimized, and a regularization term was introduced to rule out discontinuities and other irregular solutions. In our numerical implementation, the well-studied multigrid method was used for solving the nonlinear Euler-Lagrange partial differential equation (PDE). In this multigrid approach, the results from the previous deformation field were used to initialize the next stage of deformation. Different smoothing parameters were also used at different stages. The solution to these PDEs gave the displacement fields which can be used to transform the daily CT images into the planning CT or vice versa. To test this approach, we performed deformable image registration using CT images of prostate cancer patients collected with an in-room CT-on-rails system under an IRB-approved protocol. Results: Daily CT images were selected for cases with severely distorted rectum (due to the presence of large bowl gas) or large variations in bladder filling. The results indicated that the proposed approach was capable of deforming very large shape changes of soft tissue or organ structures. Compared to the “demons” algorithm, the resulting registration was pronounced better visually and quantitatively using both distance and correlation measures. Conclusion: Our deformable registration approach demonstrated the capability of handling large deformations. Further validation studies need to be done to test its robustness.

PLoS Biology Issue Image | Vol. 3(2) February 2005

Comparative genome sequencing of indica and japonica rice reveals that duplication of genes and genomic regions has played a major part in the evolution of grass genomes (See Yu et al.). Like the paper that describes this work, the extensive genomic datasets that were produced are publicly available, for sharing and reuse. The cover shows a child dressed in traditional Han suit, wanting to share his very large bowl of rice. Image Credit: Photo by Lei Xu and Fang Chen, Beijing Institute of Genomics. Child model: Wensen Cai

Stealing thunder II

Stealing thunder II

Cartilage-sparing otoplasty: our experience.

Prominent ears are the most frequent congenital deformity in the head and neck area. Otoplasty has undergone important developments and numerous techniques have been employed to address the anatomical defects, namely the lack of antihelix and the overdevelopment of the concha. We present a cartilage-sparing technique involving scapha--conchal sutures insertion to recreate the antihelix, conchal setback and cartilage weakening. No cartilage is excised. Prior to creating the antihelix, the medial surface of the cartilage is superficially scored. Occasionally a tangential excision of the posterior prominence of the cartilage prior to the placement of set back sutures is employed for an excessively large conchal bowl. A series of 86 consecutive patients underwent otoplasty with this technique. According to our experience the described technique gives good and predictable long-term results with a natural-appearing ear. Significant complications are rare. In case of loss of correction, revisional surgery is straightforward on the intact pinna cartilage.