Large-area Ionization Chamber Research Articles

Multi-particle production in the reaction 32S + 28Si at 135 MeV bombarding energy

The multi-particle production induced by the reaction 32S + 28Si is studied at 135 MeV bombarding energy. The experiment employs two large-area ionization chambers. By means of a kinematical analysis two-fragment exclusive and inclusive reactions are separated. The production of light particles can be ascribed to the sequential decay of thermalized intermediate fragments.

Die Strahlenbelastung des Patienten bei röntgendiagnostischen Untersuchungen*

An account is given of a large-area ionization chamber which offers the possibility of measuring the dose applied to the patient during fluoroscopy and the area of incidence at the same time. The term area-dose'', expressed in r x cm2, is chosen for the measured product of dose and area. The incident area-dose for different x-ray examinations is assessed from values used by six diagnosticians and is listed in tables. From this procedure interesting conclusions on the working method of the particular diagnostician can be drawn. At the same time the relationship of the radiation burden to the patient incurred during fluoroscopy and during radiography is taken into account as well as the fraction which the radiographic dose bears on the total dose during an examination; this fraction has been found to be between l6 p.c. and 30 p.c. An attempt is being made to assess the area-dose with respect to the regulations on protection. The possibility is also discussed of working out the volume-dose in roentgen-liters with the help of the area-dose. The problems which attain to the indication of the total energy absorbed in the body in rad x kg are also considered. For the sake ofmore » comparability of the measurements obtained by different authors it is proposed to indicate the incident area-dose in r x cm2.« less