Large Amounts Of Fluid Research Articles

Subduction hydrothermal regime and seismotectonic variation along Kermadec–Tonga megathrusts

The calamitous phreatomagmatic eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano in January 2022 has been reported to have had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 5-6 and a column height of 20 km and to have caused powerful tsunamis across the Pacific Ocean. Along the subvolcanic heterogeneous and tightly coupled megathrusts, the hydrothermal structure is considered essential to the deep arc volcanism and catalysis of focused interplate earthquakes. However, at present, such heterogeneity in slab hydrothermal regimes and the linkage of slab metamorphism to seismotectonics and magmatism remain poorly understood. Here, based on the recurrence of subduction earthquakes and the obtained surface heat flow estimates as constraints, we constructed a 3D thermodynamic model to study this subduction complex and the seismotectonic variation beneath Kermadec–Tonga. The subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Kermadec–Tonga microplate is associated with a cold thermal transition from 300 °C to >900 °C on forearc interface. The distribution of seismicity is related to the dehydration of subducted water-bearing minerals which promotes the occurrence of both fast and slow subduction earthquakes. Slab metamorphism released large amounts of fluids, especially those from intraslab harzburgitization, which are key to influencing mantle melting and arc volcanism in Kermadec-Tonga.

Adults of Alderflies, Fishflies, and Dobsonflies (Megaloptera) Expel Meconial Fluid When Disturbed.

Chemical secretions are an effective means by which insects may deter potential enemies, already being studied extensively with regard to their chemicals, synthesis, toxicity, and functions. However, these defensive secretions have been little studied in Megaloptera. Herein, the fluid expelling behavior of adult alderflies (Sialidae), fishflies (Corydalidae: Chauliodinae), and dobsonflies (Corydalidae: Corydalinae), all of the order Megaloptera, is described in detail regarding the timing and possible function of this behavior. When disturbed artificially, both males and females could expel fluid from the anus. However, the frequency of expelling was much lower in alderflies than in fishflies and dobsonflies. The amount of expelled fluid relative to body weight was also smaller in alderflies. In fishflies and dobsonflies, the amount of expelled fluid decreased with adult age, probably because the fluid is little replenished once expelled. The cream-colored fluid seems to be meconial fluid produced via the Malpighian tubules at the pupal stage, which is usually discharged at adult emergence in most other holometabolous insects. However, adult fishflies and dobsonflies often expel it vigorously by bending their abdomen when disturbed after emergence. Thus, the fluid expelling may be an anti-predatory behavior, particularly in younger adults that can expel a relatively large amount of fluid.

Management of a uterine serosal heterotopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization in a woman with bilateral salpingectomy: A case report and literature review

Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is defined as the simultaneous presence of intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy (EP). HP after bilateral salpingectomy is extremely rare and may lead to serious complications if it is misdiagnosed and untreated timely. Here, we presented the first reported case of uterine serosal HP in a woman after assisted reproductive technology with bilateral salpingectomy because of bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy. A 27-years-old pregnant woman after in vitro fertilization with bilateral salpingectomy complained of a sudden onset of unprovoked abdominal pain, which was persistent and dull. She denied vaginal bleeding. Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels are difficult to predict HP. Transvaginal ultrasonography demonstrated 1 gestational sac in the uterine cavity and 1 thick-walled cystic mass over the upper of the uterus, with a large amount of fluid in the Pouch of Douglas. Emergency laparotomy revealed a uterine serosal pregnancy combined with intrauterine pregnancy. This patient was successfully managed via emergency laparotomy to remove residual tissue and repair the rupture of the uterine serosal pregnancy. At postoperative 4 days, repeat transvaginal ultrosonography presented 1 intrauterine gestational sac with a visible fetal bud and cardiac tube pulsation. Now the patient recover well and is in an ongoing pregnancy. It is noteworthy that HP/ectopic pregnancy is still not prevented after bilateral salpingectomy. In cases of multiple embryo transfer, even if intrauterine pregnancy has been established, it is important to rule out HP/ectopic pregnancy in time. Early diagnosis and early management can significantly improve clinical outcomes.

Stability of a Rotor Partially Filled With Fluid: Test Facility and Experimental Results

Abstract Fluid trapped in a hollow, rotating component may lead to subsynchronous vibrations, resulting in high vibration amplitudes. This asynchronous response is observed around 0.55–0.92× after passing through the first critical frequency and affects large rotating equipment such as centrifuges, fluid-cooled gas turbines, and jet engines. A test rig is designed to evaluate this self-excited asynchronous vibration. The high-speed rig comprises of a flexibly-mounted rotor partially filled with fluid, with an overhung test chamber providing an unobstructed view of the liquid surface. A squeeze film damper provides external damping and allows operation through the asynchronous response when the test chamber contains a large amount of fluid. The results show the rotor response with different fluid depths and external damping values as the rotor-bearing system transverses the first critical speed (cylindrical mode). The experiments show that only a small amount of oil (∼20 mL) is required to induce asynchronous excitations, and increasing the fluid depth increases the amplitude of vibration. External damping slightly decreases the response, but it also expands the range of frequencies where asynchronous vibrations occur. At a given speed ratio, the vibrations reach a limit cycle, and subsequently, begin to drop as the rotor speed increases past the first critical speed.

Fast and Slow Earthquakes in Alaska: Implications from a Three-Dimensional Thermal Regime and Slab Metamorphism

Fast and slow earthquakes are predominantly generated along faults constituting active plate boundaries. Characterized by repeated devastating earthquakes and frequent slow slip events and tremors, the Alaska megathrust presents a chance to understand the complicated dynamics of a subduction system changing from steep to shallow dips associated with enigmatically abundant fast and slow seismic events. Based on three-dimensional thermal modeling, we find that the downgoing metamorphosed oceanic crust containing bound water releases a large amount of fluid and causes the recurrence of fast and slow earthquakes by elevated pore fluid pressure and hydrofracturing. The seismogenic interface and the slow slip events (SSEs) identified beneath the Upper Cook Inlet coincide well with the slab metamorphic dehydration regions. The observed slow earthquakes with quasi-stable fault slips preferentially occur, accompanied by high dehydration and temperature downdip along the transition zone.

The role of gas flushing on magma reservoir crystallization and its consequences for the growth of planetary crust

Many crustal magmatic reservoirs are fundamentally powered by basalt injection at their base. Asides from transfer of silicate liquid and crystals and accompanying heat, basaltic magma also provides large amounts of fluids to the overlying magma. This work explores how water activity and temperature, hence degree of crystallisation , of magmatic reservoirs are affected by such a mechanism at various levels in the crust. By using recent experimental phase equilibria , thermodynamic relationships between gas and silicate melts , and heat balance, it is shown that, depending on the level of magma storage, diffusive exchange during bubble uprise and stalling may produce either crystallisation or melting of magmas. Long term fluxing of felsic to intermediate magma bodies stored in upper crust by mafic volatiles will generally lead to their near isothermal solidification. Conversely, for bodies stagnating in the mid to deep crust, such a process almost inevitably enhances melting, driving or maintaining magmas beyond the threshold of mobility needed for upward material transfer, unless the percolating fluid is very CO 2 -rich. Compilation of basaltic melt inclusion data gathered in arc, hot-spot and ridge settings, shows that the two last categories coexist with CO 2 -rich fluids at high pressures (XH 2 O fluid < 0.1), which will almost always enhance crystallisation. In contrast arc basalts record a wide and continuous range of fluid compositions, from dry to almost H 2 O-saturated conditions, which may either favour (low pressure) or inhibit (high pressure) the crystallisation of felsic reservoirs which they underplate. Crustal growth may thus be in part limited by the difficulty of crystallising deep-seated magma bodies, in particular in arc settings. This pressure controlled effect is related to the contrasted solubilities of H 2 O and CO 2 in silicate melts, and to the much stronger non-ideal behaviour of CO 2 relative to H 2 O as pressure increases. Asides from tectonic and density inversion processes, a thick crust may fundamentally reflect the fact that basalt underplating in the lower crust has proceeded at a rate sufficiently slow so as to prevent remelting of earlier intrusions (or melting of lower crust lithologies) or that the outcoming fluid was CO 2 -rich, or both. Application to other terrestrial planets is hindered by the paucity of data regarding crust thickness and composition, and it can be only conjectured that the thin crust of large planets (Earth, Venus) reflects in part the operation of subduction process during their evolution, while the comparatively thicker crust inferred for smaller bodies (e.g. Mars, the Moon, Vesta) primarily reflects processes related to a primordial crust. • Long term fluxing of felsic magma bodies in upper crust by mafic volatiles generally leads to their solidification. • Conversely, in the deep crust, such a process almost inevitably enhances melting, unless the mafic fluid is very CO2-rich. • Crustal growth may thus be limited by the difficulty of crystallising deep-seated magma bodies, in particular in arc settings. • A relatively thin crust on large planets may reflect the operation of subduction

S2544 Acute Symptomatic Hyponatremia Following Single Balloon Enteroscopy With Water Immersion: Be on the Lookout

Introduction: The water immersion endoscopic method is a safe and often used endoscopic technique. We report a unique case of electrolyte abnormalities in a single balloon enteroscopy secondary to this procedure Case Description/Methods: A 70-year-old female with HTN and hypothyroidism presented for single balloon enteroscopy for removal of a retained capsule. The capsule was initially performed for the of work up of melena and iron deficiency anemia after a negative upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. Physical exam and labs prior to the procedure were normal, including a sodium level of 139. The patient underwent the planned enteroscopy with water emersion with an estimated amount of 4 L of water being used. Shortly after completion of the procedure, the patient was noted to be delirious and have an altered mental status. The patient became aphasic, began clenching her fists, and was shaking. A sodium level post-procedure was obtained and was 113. A head CT scan was performed and no central involvement was noted. The patient was managed with 3% hypertonic saline and her symptoms resolved. Over the next 2 days patient’s sodium level normalized and the patient was discharged from the hospital. Discussion: This is the first reported case of hyponatremia secondary to water immersion endoscopy. While there is an abundance of reports describing hyponatremia in urologic and gynecologic procedures those procedures generally use glycine and mannitol as their irrigate. With regards to GI procedures, hyponatremia secondary to polyethylene glycol-electrolyte preparation has infrequently been reported. Free water irrigation/immersion is generally regarded as safe during gastroenterological procedures. Our case, brings awareness to the possibility of symptomatic hyponatremia following prolonged enteroscopy with the use of large volume water irrigation/immersion. Absorption of ingested water and most solutes occur in the proximal small intestine. If a large amount of fluids are necessary then normal saline can be utilized instead of water. Limiting water to 1.5 liters and suctioning excess water can help minimize these complications. Clinicians should be aware of this serious complication when performing these procedures.

Dopamine-transporter heterozygous rats carrying maternal wild-type allele are more vulnerable to the development of compulsive behavior.

Compulsivity is defined as an unstoppable tendency toward repetitive and habitual actions, which are reiterated despite negative consequences. Polydipsia is induced preclinically by intermittent reward, leading rodents to ingest large amounts of fluids. We focused on the role of dopamine transporter (DAT) and inheritance factors in compulsive behavior. Our sample consisted of DAT heterozygous (HET) rats with different genetic inheritance (MAT-HET, born from WT-dams×KO-fathers; MIX-HET, born from HET-dams × KO-fathers). As controls, we used both wild-type (WT) rats and their socially-isolated (WTi) siblings. We ran the schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) protocol, to induce compulsive behavior; then the Y-maze and marble-burying tests, to verify its actual development. Only MAT-HET (who inherited the functional DAT allele from the WT mother) is vulnerable to developing compulsive behavior. MAT-HET rats drank increasingly more water during SIP; they showed significant perseverance in the Y-maze test and exhibited compulsive actions in the marble-burying test. Interestingly, compulsive behaviors of MAT-HET rats correlated with expression ex vivo of different genes in different areas. Regarding the prefrontal cortex (PFC), D2R correlatedwith Y-maze "perseverance" in addition to BDNF; considering the amygdala (AMY), both D3R and OXTR correlated with SIP "licks." Indeed, compulsivity may be linked to D2R and BDNF in PFC, while extreme anxiety in MAT-HET rats may be associated with D3R and OXTR in the AMY. These results confirm some similarities between MAT-HET and DAT-KO subjects, and link the epigenetic context of the DAT gene to the development of compulsive behavior.

Analysis on waterproofing design in CCS pump building of PWR under main feed water pipe broken accident

Component cooling water system (CCS) pump building is an important building connecting nuclear island and conventional island in pressurized water reactor (PWR). When main feed water pipe which crosses through CCS pump building breaks, large amount of fluid leakage may cause flooding hazard to the important equipment in CCS pump building. It is necessary to carry out waterproofing design for the safety of CCS pump building. Usually, important equipment in CCS pump building is designed with a certain height of waterproofing base, which needs to be further verified. It is almost impossible to conduct experimental analysis due to the large size and complex structures of CCS pump building. In the present work, numerical simulation was used to analyze the waterproofing ability of CCS pump building under main feed water pipe broken accident. Calculation method was verified by experiment. It shows that large amount of fluid accumulates in CCS pump building. For more serious flooding condition, water level around CCS pumps reaches 861 mm which exceeds the height of existing CCS pump waterproofing base. A waterproofing improvement design was proposed for CCS pump building of AP1000-type PWR, which feasibility was also analyzed by numerical simulation.

Hydrogels: Properties and Applications in Biomedicine.

Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures, which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft structure, and porosity of hydrogels, they closely resemble living tissues. Research in recent years shows that hydrogels have been applied in various fields, such as agriculture, biomaterials, the food industry, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Along with the underlying technology improvements of hydrogel development, hydrogels can be expected to be applied in more fields. Although not all hydrogels have good biodegradability and biocompatibility, such as synthetic hydrogels (polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol hydrogels, etc.), their biodegradability and biocompatibility can be adjusted by modification of their functional group or incorporation of natural polymers. Hence, scientists are still interested in the biomedical applications of hydrogels due to their creative adjustability for different uses. In this review, we first introduce the basic information of hydrogels, such as structure, classification, and synthesis. Then, we further describe the recent applications of hydrogels in 3D cell cultures, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering.

In situ reinvestigation of reaction phase A plus high-pressure clinoenstatite to forsterite plus water in the system MgO-SiO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;-H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O (MSH)

Abstract. The dehydration reaction of phase A + high P clinoenstatite to forsterite + water was experimentally investigated at water-saturated conditions in the pressure range between 7.0 and 10.0 GPa by in situ reversal runs in a multi-anvil press at the synchrotron source of PETRA III in Hamburg. By using closed watertight X-ray transparent Ti capsules, its position is determined by reversal brackets at 8.3 GPa (700–760 ∘C), 8.6 GPa (700–740 ∘C), and 9.8 GPa (750–800 ∘C); thus, the equilibrium of the reaction corresponds ideally to the data reported by Wunder (1998). Optical investigations of the quenched product phases show strong grain coarsening of phase A and clinoenstatite, whereas nucleated forsterite from the breakdown of the aforementioned phases is very fine grained. This corresponds to recent experimental observations that the grain size of phases formed in hydration reactions are significantly larger than those from dehydration reactions. In addition, we performed three time-dependent in situ experiments at 9–10 GPa and 800–870 ∘C and monitored the reaction progress every 10 min to determine the kinetics of the forsterite formation from phase A + high P clinoenstatite. The growth of forsterite at these P–T conditions, already visible after 10 min, confirms the results of the bracketing experiments. However, the reaction is extremely slow, and even after more than 3 h, significant amounts of phase A and high P clinoenstatite are still present. This is in contradiction to other dehydration reactions of former experimental studies, e.g. the fast dehydration of serpentine, which completely dehydrates within 3 h, even at much lower temperatures, closely overstepping serpentine stability. Despite its reaction sluggishness, which would contradict the concept of earthquake initiation, the observed formation of nano-sized forsterite as a dehydration product may still indicate the potential of this reaction to cause mechanical instabilities and, thus, seismicity within cold subduction zones at depths of the Earth's mantle. Additionally, at depths exceeding serpentine dehydration, the phase A + high P/low P clinoenstatite breakdown to forsterite + water might induce geochemical and geophysical processes, including the formation of low-velocity zones within the overlying mantle wedge from the large amounts of fluid liberated by this water line reaction. After the breakdown of antigorite, the assemblage phase A + clinoenstatite might act as a bridge to transport water to larger depths during cold subduction, followed by the formation of other hydrous high P phases.

Testing a Drop of Liquid Using Smartphone LiDAR

We present the first system to determine fluid properties using the LiDAR sensors present on modern smartphones. Traditional methods of measuring properties like viscosity require expensive laboratory equipment or a relatively large amount of fluid. In contrast, our smartphone-based method is accessible, contactless and works with just a single drop of liquid. Our design works by targeting a coherent LiDAR beam from the phone onto the liquid. Using the phone's camera, we capture the characteristic laser speckle pattern that is formed by the interference of light reflecting from light-scattering particles. By correlating the fluctuations in speckle intensity over time, we can characterize the Brownian motion within the liquid which is correlated with its viscosity. The speckle pattern can be captured on a range of phone cameras and does not require external magnifiers. Our results show that we can distinguish between different fat contents as well as identify adulterated milk. Further, algorithms can classify between ten different liquids using the smartphone LiDAR speckle patterns. Finally, we conducted a clinical study with whole blood samples across 30 patients showing that our approach can distinguish between coagulated and uncoagulated blood using a single drop of blood.

Slab-derived devolatilization fluids oxidized by subducted metasedimentary rocks

Metamorphic devolatilization of subducted slabs generates aqueous fluids that ascend into the mantle wedge, driving the partial melting that produces arc magmas. These magmas have oxygen fugacities some 10–1,000 times higher than magmas generated at mid-ocean ridges. Whether this oxidized magmatic character is imparted by slab fluids or is acquired during ascent and interaction with the surrounding mantle or crust is debated. Here we study the petrology of metasedimentary rocks from two Tertiary Aegean subduction complexes in combination with reactive transport modelling to investigate the oxidative potential of the sedimentary rocks that cover slabs. We find that the metasedimentary rocks preserve evidence for fluid-mediated redox reactions and could be highly oxidized. Furthermore, the modelling demonstrates that layers of these oxidized rocks less than about 200 m thick have the capacity to oxidize the ascending slab dehydration flux via redox reactions that remove H2, CH4 and/or H2S from the fluids. These fluids can then oxidize the overlying mantle wedge at rates comparable to arc magma generation rates, primarily via reactions involving sulfur species. Oxidized metasedimentary rocks need not generate large amounts of fluid themselves but could instead oxidize slab dehydration fluids ascending through them. Proposed Phanerozoic increases in arc magma oxygen fugacity may reflect the recycling of oxidative weathering products following Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic marine and atmospheric oxygenation.

Congenital Orbital Glial Heterotopia Associated with Clinicopathological Anophthalmia: A Case Report.

Glial heterotopia (GH) is the presence of glial tissue outside the cranial cavity, without communication with the brain. The orbital location usually presents as eyelid swelling, strabismus, and proptosis. This is considered a congenital location that usually presents at birth. Its association with anophthalmia is uncommon. We report the case of a 2-day-old male neonate with left congenital intraorbital lesion presenting with massive proptosis. No eyeball could be seen. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a large and predominantly cystic mass occupying and protruding from the left orbit without intracranial extension. In the operating theatre, a large amount of fluid was aspirated prior to total resection of the mass. Chemical analysis of the fluid was compatible with cerebrospinal fluid. Histologically, the tumor was composed of mature neuroglial tissue and ependymal cells. Despite multiple sections, no choroid plexus or intraocular content was found. The diagnosis of GH with anophthalmia was made.

Influence of Fluid Balance on Postoperative Outcomes after Hepatic Resection in Patients with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction

Introduction: Maintenance of low central venous pressure during hepatic resection to minimize intraoperative bleeding requires compensative administration of large amounts of fluid after its completion. However, this fluid challenge may influence on the postoperative outcomes of patients with left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) who cannot tolerate volume adjustment.

Salpingitis and intra-abdominal abscess due to Staphylococcus cohnii in adolescent with COVID-19: case report

OBJECTIVE: This is a case report of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily manifesting gastrointestinal symptoms, but with gynecologic involvement and development of secondary infection by Staphylococcus cohnii, an opportunistic pathogen that is uncommon in healthy patients. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old sexually inactive female patient, presented with vomiting, fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain, without associated respiratory symptoms. The patient was admitted to the hospital, where she tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and a CT-scan revealed a thickened left fallopian tube. After 7 days of increasing pain intensity and fever recurrence, the patient underwent a new CT-scan that showed a large amount of fluid in the pelvis. The abscess was drained and subsequent bacterial culture revealed growth of Staphylococcus cohnii. A 14-day course of antibiotic therapy guided by an antibiogram was performed, achieving a good patient outcome. COMMENTS: Salpingitis is rarely caused by viruses. It is generally caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. We found no reports of salpingitis related to SARS-CoV-2. Since the patient was sexually inactive and had a positive RT-PCR test, the possibility of a viral etiology was raised. This could be a possible clinical manifestation of coronavirus, although further studies are necessary to characterize this relationship. Staphylococcus cohnii infection is commonly opportunistic, but presumably, it occurred due to unsatisfactory immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder characterized by a high hypotonic urinary output of more than 50ml per kg body weight per 24 hours, with associated polydipsia of more than 3 liters a day [1,2]. Central DI results from inadequate secretion and usually deficient synthesis of Arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Besides central DI further underlying etiologies of DI can be due to other primary forms (renal origin) or secondary forms of polyuria (resulting from primary polydipsia). All these forms belong to the Polyuria Polydipsia Syndrom (PPS). In most cases central and nephrogenic DI are acquired, but there are also congenital forms caused by genetic mutations of the AVP gene (central DI) [3] or by mutations in the gene for the AVP V2R or the AQP2 water channel (nephrogenic DI) [4]. Primary polydipsia (PP) as secondary form of polyuria includes an excessive intake of large amounts of fluid leading to polyuria in the presence of intact AVP secretion and appropriate antidiuretic renal response.Differentiation between the three mentioned entities is difficult [5], especially in patients with Primary polydipsia or partial, mild forms of DI [1,6], but different tests for differential diagnosis, most recently based on measurement of copeptin, and a thorough medical history mostly lead to the correct diagnosis. This is important since treatment strategies vary and application of the wrong treatment can be dangerous [7]. Treatment of central DI consists of fluid management and drug therapy with the synthetic AVP analogue Desmopressin (DDAVP), that is used as nasal or oral preparation in most cases. Main side effect can be dilutional hyponatremia [8].In this review we will focus on central diabetes insipidus and describe the prevalence, the clinical manifestations, the etiology as well as the differential diagnosis and management of central diabetes insipidus in the out- and inpatient setting.

Large-scale thermal convection in sedimentary basins revealed by coupled quartz cementation-dissolution distribution pattern and reactive transport modeling – a case study of the Proterozoic Athabasca Basin (Canada)

Thermal convection has been shown to be operating in many magmatic-hydrothermal systems, but whether thermal convection driven by thermal gradients occurs in sedimentary basins devoid of magmatic activity remains disputed. Here we report a case study of the Proterozoic Athabasca Basin in which the thermal convection hypothesis is strongly supported by petrographic observations and reactive transport modeling. The basin is characterized by thick (up to 1500 m) sandstone successions separated by relatively thin (<300 m), mud-rich intervals. The top of the sandstone succession is characterized by extensive quartz overgrowths and point contacts of detrital grains, whereas the basal part contains little cement and shows extensive dissolution features and sutured contacts. This spatial distribution pattern of diagenetic features cannot be explained by gradual burial of the basin, and is instead interpreted as a result of simultaneous quartz precipitation at the top and dissolution at the bottom due to fluid convection. Numerical modeling of reactive transport of SiO2 indicates that this quartz cementation-dissolution distribution pattern can be produced only if the sandstones are sufficiently permeable and thick so that the Rayleigh number exceeds the critical value for convection. Thus, the development of such a coupled quartz cementation-dissolution distribution pattern can be used as an indicator of thermal convection. This recognition is of importance for explaining the large amounts of fluids required to form mineral deposits in sedimentary basins, as exemplified by the world-class unconformity-related uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin.

Fine-needle aspiration for periprosthetic fluid removal after implantation of a remote internal-port tissue expander

BackgroundUse of internal filling ports in tissue expander–based reconstructions are advantageous because of easier self-care, lower infection rates, and fewer instances of capsule formation. The appearance of periprosthetic fluid accumulation after internal-port tissue expander implantation is a common complication that warrants treatment. In this study, we introduced a noninvasive method using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to remove fluids accumulated after implantation of a remote internal-port tissue expander. MethodsIn this study, 245 patients who underwent implantation of remote internal-port tissue expanders in our hospital from July 1, 2012, to July 1, 2019, were included and divided into two groups. In the control group, patients underwent tissue expander implantation before July 1, 2016, and large quantities of fluids were removed with surgical aspiration procedures in most cases. In the FNA group, the patients underwent implantation after July 1, 2016, and large quantities of fluids were removed first with the FNA procedure. Patients’ demographic data, indications for FNA application, and related complications were collected and analyzed. ResultsOverall, 395 expanders were placed in 245 patients. Postoperative management was similar in both groups. Fluids were managed with 23 expanders in the control group and with 31 expanders in the FNA group. There was no difference in the fluid aspiration rate between the two groups. The surgical aspiration rate was 11.1% (23/208) in the control group. The success rate of FNA was 90.3% (28/31). In the FNA group, the surgical aspiration rate was 1.6% (3/187), which was significantly lower than that in the control group. There were no significant differences in complications between the two groups. ConclusionFNA can be used for periprosthetic fluid removal after the implantation of a remote internal-port tissue expander in most cases. This method is more convenient and safer than surgical aspiration for the postoperative management of internal-port tissue expander implantation.

Impact of Fluid Resuscitation Regimes in Relative Risk of Mortality in Burned Patients

Background; Some studies have supported the opinion that patients who get greater volumes of resuscitation fluids are at a higher chance of edema, complications, and probably bad outcomes. In the results of the International Society of Burn Injuries approximately half (49.5%) added colloid before 24h.&#x0D; This study aims to analyze the relative risk for mortality comparing resuscitation in the first 24 hours with Parkland and resuscitation with the use of Colloids. &#x0D; Material and Methods; This was an observational prospective cohort study conducted in the Service of Burns of the University Hospital Centre "Mother Teresa" in Tirana (UHCT), Albania. The study includes adult patients with critical burns &gt; 40% TBSA, hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of the service during the period 2014 to 2019. Resuscitation in the first 24 hours is done with Ringer Lactate according to Parkland and with Ringer Lactate with the addition of colloids after 12 hours.&#x0D; Results; The data for organ dysfunction and organ insufficiency were the same in the two groups without statistical significance. Mortality in the RL group was 48% (24 deaths of 50 patients) while in the RL + Colloid rehydrated group was 46% (23 deaths of 50 patients). Patients which have 40-60% burns and are rehydrated with RL + Colloids have a risk of death 0.4 times less than those rehydrated with RL.&#x0D; Conclusions; Resuscitation with Ringer lactate and Colloids in the first 24 hours of thermal damage is a rehydration alternative for the treatment of burn shock. This therapy especially helps patients with major burns &gt; 40% TBSA who during rehydration require large amounts of fluids and are associated with severe plasma hypoalbuminemia. Number Need to Treat (NNT benefit) is 10 so 1 in 10 patients can benefit in lowering the risk of death with RL + Colloid rehydration.