Large Amount Of CO2 Emissions Research Articles

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of CO2 Emissions in China Based on Multivariate Spatial Statistics

With China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization in the process of socio-economic development, the extensive use of energy has resulted in a large amount of CO2 emissions, which puts great pressure on China’s carbon emission reduction task. Through multivariate socio-economic data, this paper proposes an extraction and screening method of multivariate variables based on land-use types, and the downscaled spatial decomposition of carbon emissions at different scales was carried out by using the spatial lag model (SLM). This paper makes up for the shortcomings of previous studies, such as an insufficient modeling scale, simple modeling variables, limited spatio-temporal span of spatial decomposition, and no consideration of geographical correlation. Based on the results of the spatial decomposition of carbon emissions, this paper explores the spatial and temporal dynamics of carbon emissions at different scales. The results showed that SLM is capable of downscaling the spatialization of carbon emissions with high precision, and the continuity of the decomposition results at the provincial scale is stronger, while the differences of the decomposition results at the municipal scale are more obvious within the municipal units. In terms of the spatial and temporal dynamics of CO2 emissions, carbon emissions at both scales showed a significant positive correlation. The dominant spatial correlation types are “Low–Low” at the provincial level, and “Low–Low” and “High–High” at the municipal level. The smaller spatial scope is more helpful to show the geographic dependence and geographic differences of China’s carbon emissions. The findings of this paper will help deepen the understanding of the spatial and temporal changes of carbon emissions in China. They will provide a scientific basis for the formulation of feasible carbon emission reduction policies.

Analysis of decoupling between CO2 emissions and economic growth in China's provincial capital cities: A Tapio model approach

Large amounts of CO2 emissions often accompany economic growth. The decoupling analysis is a common approach to assess how economic growth can be achieved without significant negative environmental impacts and by promoting energy conservation and emission reduction. Cities are essential in mitigating climate change problems and promoting low-carbon living. This study analyzes the relationship between economic development and CO2 emissions in Chinese provincial capitals from 2011 to 2021. The Tapio decoupling model and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition model are used to assess this decoupling relationship based on panel CO2 emissions and GDP data. The results show that: (1) CO2 emissions are still growing at a slow pace, but with big fluctuations during 2019–2021 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Cities have significant differences, with some cities reaching a stable weak decoupling, and others with unstable decoupling. Also, economically developed cities have significant advantages; (3) Economic output is still the main factor inhibiting decoupling. The inhibiting effect of population growth is gradually stabilizing. Results demonstrate that energy technology and economic structure have a great role in promoting decoupling. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of energy efficiency and sustainable development through advanced technologies, economic restructuring, and low-carbon strategies for transition toward climate-resilient urban development.

The system of sustainability factors of the fuel and energy complex of the regional economic system and improving the management of these factors in the regions of Russia

The study is devoted to the definition of a system of sustainability factors for the fuel and energy complex of the regional economic system, as well as the development of recommendations for improving the management of these factors in the regions of Russia. Based on the provisions of the Systemic Approach, econometric modeling and a comprehensive analysis of the influence of potential factors identified in the literature on the sustainability of the fuel and energy complex of modern regional economic systems around the world are carried out. The international experience of 120 countries in 2022 is projected onto Russia and compared with Russian regions. As a result, a system of factors has been formed, including the electrification factor, the clean energy availability factor and the carbon emission factor in cement production, which increases the predictability and manageability of the sustainable development of this system. The barriers to the sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex in the regions of modern Russia are identified, firstly, the incomplete availability of clean energy (90 %), which, however, is significantly higher than the average for the international sample (76.95 %). Secondly, a large amount of CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and the production of cement (10.81 tCO2 per capita). The prospect for the period up to 2025 is disclosed and recommendations are proposed for improving the management of selected key factors for the sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex in the regions of Russia. The practical significance of the article is explained by the fact that the author’s recommendations proposed in it on improving the management of selected key factors will ensure

Strength and elevated temperature resistance properties of the geopolymer paste produced with ground granulated blast furnace slag and pumice powder

The production of cement results in large amounts of CO2 emissions. In order to reduce the energy consumption and gas emissions associated with cement production, a new technology called geopolymerisation has been developed to produce concrete without the use of cement by using aluminosilicate materials as raw materials. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of various parameters on the geopolymer based slag/pumice paste. Slag (GGBFS) and pumice powder were used as binders in different slag/pumice ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40) and activated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 12 and 14 M concentration and cured for 3 and 7 days at 65 °C temperature. The effect of these parameters on compressive strength and resistance to elevated temperatures was investigated. Microstructural (SEM, EDX) and chemical (FT-IR, XRD) analyses were also carried out to determine the effect of slag/pumice ratio, NaOH concentration and curing time on the properties of the geopolymer pastes. The results showed that the use of slag significantly increased the compressive strength, while the use of pumice with slag increased the resistance of geopolymer pastes to elevated temperatures. For the geopolymer paste produced with slag, high compressive strength can be obtained by a long period of oven curing, whereas for pumice a short period of oven curing and a long period at low temperature can be used. In conclusion, the most effective of the different parameters was the percentage of slag/pumice in the first degree and then the molarities of NaOH, while the least effective parameter was the curing time.

The synergy effect through combination of the digital economy and transition to renewable energy on green economic growth: Empirical study of 18 Latin American and caribbean countries

Tremendous effects on the global economy in terms of economic, social and environmental costs remind us of the catastrophic consequences of climate change and global warming caused by CO2 emissions. Therefore, accelerating decarbonization of the global energy system should be put in place to curb large amount of CO2 emission from hydrocarbon energy sources on which the current global value chain of production heavily relies.This study focuses on analyzing the effects of renewable energy transition, the digital economy, and the synergy between them on green economic growth in 18 Latin American countries. To capture the multidimensionality of these transitions, the Renewable Energy Transition Index (RETI) and the Digital Economy Index (DEI) are developed using the Principal Component Factor (PCF) technique. The FixedEffect Panel Threshold Regression (FEPTR) substantiates that renewable energy transition has a significant threshold effect on economic growth and environmental sustainability depending on the level of income and carbon emissions. On the other hand, the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) shows that both renewable energy transition and the digital economy have a significant positive impact on economic growth in all quantile groups. For the environmental sustainability, only renewable energy transition is found to have a positive impact in all quantile groups. From the synergistic effect perspectives, the CO2 emissions reduction is observed in both the low and middle quantile groups, but the economic growth promotion is only observed in a low quantile group.

Insights into CO2 activation and charge transfer in photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on pure and metal single atom modified TiO2 surfaces

Large amounts of CO2 emissions associated with expanded fossil fuel consumption have caused global warming and energy crisis. The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is one of the most promising ways to solve these problems. However, some basic issues in CO2 photocatalytic reduction over pure and modified TiO2 surfaces, such as the transfer of photogenerated electrons, CO2 adsorption configuration with excess electrons, the mechanism of CO2 activation, still lack in-depth investigation and analysis. In this work, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we systematically calculated the transfer of photogenerated electrons, workfunction, CO2 adsorption energy, charge density difference, density of states (DOS), and CO2 dissociation energy barrier on different pure and metal single atom modified TiO2 surfaces. Based on these results, we further analyzed the effect of photogenerated electrons and metal single atoms on CO2 adsorption and activation, and identified the different behavior of photogenerated electrons on pure and metal single atom modified TiO2 surfaces. Finally, a synergetic effect of photogenerated electrons and loaded metal atoms is proposed, which is crucial in understanding CO2 photocatalytic reduction and designing efficient new photocatalytic materials.

The Adsorption Mechanism of Hydrogen on FeO Crystal Surfaces: A Density Functional Theory Study.

The hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron ores is a disruptive routine used to mitigate the large amount of CO2 emissions produced by the steel industry. The reduction of iron oxides by H2 involves a variety of physicochemical phenomena from macroscopic to atomistic scales. Particularly at the atomistic scale, the underlying mechanisms of the interaction of hydrogen and iron oxides is not yet fully understood. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the adsorption behavior of hydrogen atoms and H2 on different crystal FeO surfaces to gain a fundamental understanding of the associated interfacial adsorption mechanisms. It was found that H2 molecules tend to be physically adsorbed on the top site of Fe atoms, while Fe atoms on the FeO surface act as active sites to catalyze H2 dissociation. The dissociated H atoms were found to prefer to be chemically bonded with surface O atoms. These results provide a new insight into the catalytic effect of the studied FeO surfaces, by showing that both Fe (catalytic site) and O (binding site) atoms contribute to the interaction between H2 and FeO surfaces.

Will Trade Protection Trigger a Surge in Investment-Related CO2 Emissions? Evidence from Multi-Regional Input–Output Model

Current research has revealed that global trade promotes transnational investment and contributes to large amounts of CO2 emissions. Recently, trade protectionism has gradually emerged. This study aims to explore the effect of global trade protection on investment-related CO2 emissions. We construct an accounting framework for investment-related CO2 emissions under trade freedom and trade restriction based on the MRIO model for the first time, and investment-related CO2 emissions in 16 economies are determined in both trade freedom and trade restriction scenarios. The study uses normal trade and no-trade scenarios instead of free trade and restricted trade scenarios. Then, based on the comparison of the two scenarios, the effect of global trade protection on investment-related CO2 emissions is revealed from the three levels of country, section, and trade links. It is found that global trade protection would lead to an increase of up to 546.17 million tons in investment-related CO2 emissions under current trade structures. Transnational investment in the trade of end-stage intermediary goods contributed 81.6% of the total effect. In terms of countries, trade protection is quite disadvantageous to CO2 emission reduction in China and India, and their CO2 emissions would respectively increase by 105 million tons and 141.5 million tons compared to normal trade. The electricity, gas, and water supply sectors and the manufacturing sector are the main sectors for investment-related CO2 emissions. This study reveals the effect of trade freedom and trade protection on the environment of various countries from the viewpoint of investment-related CO2 emissions, which has important reference value for global CO2 emission reduction in the context of the evolving trade situation.

Use of random forest based on the effects of urban governance elements to forecast CO2 emissions in Chinese cities

Chinese cities contributes a large amount of CO2 emissions. Reducing CO2 emissions through urban governance is an important issue. Despite the increasing attention paid on the CO2 emission prediction, few studies consider the collective and complex influence of governance element system. To predict and regulate CO2 emissions through comprehensive urban governance elements, this paper use the random forest model through the data from 1903 Chinese county-level cities in 2010, 2012 and 2015, and establish a CO2 forecasting platform based on the effects of urban governance elements. The results are as follows: (1) The municipal utility facilities element, the economic development & industrial structure element, and the city size &structure and road traffic facilities elements are crucial for residential, industrial and transportation CO2 emissions, respectively; (2) Governance elements have nonlinear relationship with CO2 emissions and most of the relations present obvious threshold effects; (3) Random forest can be used to predict CO2 emissions more accurately than can other predictive models. These findings can be used to conducts the CO2 scenario simulation and help government formulate active governance measurements.

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Photoelectrochemical Tandem System Performance Study: TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube/N719, BiVO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube, Ti<sup>3+</sup>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction to Ammonia

Ammonia is commonly synthesized through the Haber-Bosch process, which produces large amounts of CO2 emissions as it is carried out at extreme temperatures and pressures. An alternative technology is needed to synthesize ammonia which consumes less energy and is environmentally friendly. In this research, a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Photoelectrochemical tandem system (DSSC-PEC) was developed for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) into ammonia. PEC cells utilized BiVO4/TiO2 Nanotube (BiVO4/TiO2NT) as a photoanode for water oxidation. BiVO4/TiO2NT was synthesized by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) with the cycles variation of 10, 15, and 20 cycles. The optimization method for 20 cycles (20s) gave the highest photocurrent of 0.352 mA/cm2. As a cathode where the nitrogen reduction reaction to ammonia takes place, Ti3+/TiO2NT was used. DSSC based on TiO2NT/N719 with an efficiency of 1.13% was used as an energy booster in the reaction. Using this system with an electrodes area of 3 cm2, under visible light irradiation on photoanode and DSSC while dark at the cathode, the rate of ammonia production, analyzed using the phenate method was 0.022 µmol.h−1.cm−2 with solar to chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency of 0.003%.

Properties and Uses of Biochars Incorporated into Mortars

The construction industry is responsible for a large amount of CO2 emissions and an intensive energy consumption. Cement production is the third largest source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and is responsible for about 1.8 Gt of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The use of waste materials to replace a fraction of cement in the mortar makes it more economically and ecologically friendly. In this work, the main objective was to test incorporations of biochar produced at temperatures of 300, 350, and 400 °C, as a partial replacement for cement in the production of mortar. The materials used for the tests were residual lignocellulosic biomass (WBL) and electrical cable insulation waste (WIEC) mixed in a ratio of 1:1. The biochars produced were crushed and sieved after production to reduce the particles. A sample of biochar was used and tested under these conditions and another sample was washed in water and dried before being incorporated; all tests were carried out with a 5% replacement. Waste recovery tests were also carried out without thermochemical treatment. The specimens were studied for compressive strength and water absorption by immersion. All tests were replicated and were analyzed and compared with a control mixture with no incorporation of biochar in the mixture. It was possible to observe that the tests with the incorporation of biochars at 400 °C showed better results, with only a 24% reduction in resistance to compression.

Carbon dioxide emission typology and policy implications: Evidence from machine learning

The policy design of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission mitigation is a hotly debated topic in the context of “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” in China. This paper contributes to this debate by employing an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to uncover the CO2 emission typology based on the provincial emission data in China from 2000 to 2018 for a precise design of CO2 emission mitigation policy for heterogenous regional patterns. The results indicate that we can cluster the provinces into four CO2 emission patterns: the under-developed pattern, the coal-dominated pattern, the oil-dominated pattern, and the gas-dominated pattern. Notably, both the under-developed pattern and the coal-dominated pattern have a large amount of CO2 emission from fossil fuels, while the gas-dominated pattern could be regarded as the policy inclination as it relies more on low-carbon fuels. Moreover, we also reveal the transition routes of emission patterns from a dynamic perspective, which could help policymakers better understand the future trend of emission patterns in different regions. On the one hand, the CO2 emission mitigation policies could have specified priorities in different patterns, ensuring the feasibility during the process of policy implementation. On the other hand, establishing a national unified carbon trade market could facilitate efficient energy transition in China, and prevent carbon leakage cross different regions as well.

RESEARCH ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PCCI ENGINE: A REVIEW

The global environment is being affected by the use of fossil fuels to provide energy for internal combustion engines (ICE) due to a large amount of CO2 emission. Specific toxic substances are NOx, and CO, soot, particulate matter that exists in the environment at high densities while having a global impact. The automotive industry of countries worldwide is constantly changing and evolving to discover new solutions that reduce fuel use while developing cleaner and more advanced combustion methods, which as a low-temperature combustion engine (LTC). This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to understand partial pre-mixed compression combustion (PPCI), with HCCI and RCCI being advanced low-temperature combustion concepts. Lowering the average combustion temperature is an advantage of PCCI; it optimizes CO and NOx emission rates while maintaining high thermal efficiency. Investigate the intake pattern, including flame length, mixing pulse, and intake air volume, to determine the importance of that factor for oxidation using the LES. Studies have been performed using RANS and LES models to stimulate mixing and combustion.

New methodology to reduce power by using smart street lighting system

Abstract One of most important things now is to create smart street and smart lighting system to save enormous electrical energy. Especially Iraq is suffering shortage of electrical energy generation up to 45%. Because of this, Iraq needs to save a lot of electrical energy in the entire country so as to meet the electrical demand and reduce the large amount of CO2 emission. However, this work presents a very unique and economic control lighting system (CLS) for main streets and sidewalks, which can control the lighting system to give sufficient illumination to the drivers and the pedestrians simultaneously. And at the same time, the CLS system can reduce a lot of electrical energy consumption and the CO2 emissions together. However, by using these smart systems with the exciting illumination source in the streets, the CLS can minimize the electrical energy consumed for the lighting at the main roads and the footpath by about 60% and can use the surplus energies to fill the shortage of electricity in the country. Also, this system will increase the lifetime of the lighting system which means further decrease in cost. Finally, this work presents new type of illumination source, high-intensity discharge (HID), which can reduce the electrical consumption much more by up to 90%, when using the CLS with HID.

Reducing plastic in the operating theatre: Towards a more circular economy for medical products and packaging

Plastic single-use devices (SUDs) are favoured by healthcare facilities, especially surgical departments, for their convenience, sterility, and single-use quality assurance. Medical facilities are responsible for generating large amounts of CO2 emissions due to resource-intensive processes and reliance on single-use plastic products, among other factors. Currently, there are knowledge gaps in literature about specific types and amounts of plastic products generated by hospitals, and more specifically, operating theatres. Existing relevant research focuses mostly on waste management solutions, negating the potential solutions further up the value chain. While considerations that focus on waste management and end-of-life are important, those that span the rest of the value chain, including the circular economy and the waste hierarchy, are inherently important. This study addresses this knowledge gap by quantifying these fractions and making recommendations to reduce them. Observations, polymer analysis, and surveys with medical staff were conducted at two hospitals in Denmark. Results suggest that the current design of medical products and packaging does not consider the end-of-life fate of the product, making current sorting and recycling options impossible. Recommendations from this study highlight external responsibilities such as those of producers and manufacturers to include consideration of the end-of-life fate of the product within the design phase. These are in addition to internal responsibilities such as the use and sorting of these fractions.

Economic analysis of an off-grid solar PV for small scale desalination unit

Water scarcity, water quality difficulties, floods, and droughts are among the present challenges that climate change may exacerbate. Availability and easy access to safe and clean drinking water are fundamental human rights that have become a global challenge. Desalination of seawater is becoming a fast-growing alternative for water scarcity, due to the significant quantity of energy required to perform this procedure and also a large amount of CO2 emission into the atmosphere while producing this energy, renewable energy is a significant alternative energy source as well as a readily available source of clean energy. Wind and solar power, in particular, can provide significant economic benefits by bringing electricity to rural areas without transmission lines. The off-grid Photovoltaic (PV) system is one that is not linked to the power grid. This means that the entire amount of energy produced is stored and used on-site. The specific goal of this study is to identify and assess the use of renewable energy for an off-grid photovoltaic system in small-scale desalination units, aiming to reduce water demand in an environmentally friendly manner. The data used are secondary in nature, primarily summarizing different articles and papers from previous research. The method used in this study is a meta-analysis (a literature review). This paper concluded that an off-grid solar PV system for small-scale desalination units is a cost-effective environmental solution because generating energy from renewable sources has no or less environmental consequences and reduces air pollution.

Prospects and challenges of the electrochemical reduction of iron oxides in alkaline media for steel production

Steelmaking industries have been facing strict decarbonization guidelines. With a net zero carbon emissions target, European policies are expected to be accomplished before 2050. Traditional steelmaking industry still operates by the carbothermic reduction of iron ores for steel production. Consequently, the steel sector is responsible for a large amount of CO2emissions, accounting for up to 9% of the CO2worldwide emissions. In this scope, the electrochemical reduction or electrolysis of iron oxides into metallic iron in alkaline media arises as a promising alternative technology for ironmaking. Significant advantages of this technology include the absence of CO2emissions, non-polluting by-products such as hydrogen and oxygen gases, lower temperature against the conventional approach (∼100°Cversus2000°C) and lower electric energy consumption, where around 6 GJ per ton of iron manufactured can be spared. The present minireview discusses the progress on the electrochemical reduction of iron oxides in alkaline media as a green steelmaking route. A historical overview of the global steelmaking against recent developments and challenges of the novel technology is presented, and the fundamental mechanisms of iron oxide reduction to iron and alternative iron feedstocks are discussed. Factors affecting the Faradaic efficiencies of the alkaline electroreduction of iron oxide suspensions or iron oxide bulk ceramics are also explored, focusing on the concurrent hydrogen evolution reaction. Overall, if scrutinized, this technology may become a breaking point for the steel industry sector.

Synergistic Electrocatalytic Syngas Production from Carbon Dioxide by Bi‐Metallic Atomically Dispersed Catalysts

AbstractThe production of syngas by traditional processes such as steam methane reforming is energetically intensive and produces a large amount of CO2 emissions. In contrast, the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) enables the carbon neutral production of syngas at ambient conditions. Among non‐precious metal catalysts, metal‐nitrogen‐carbon electrocatalysts are inexpensive and highly selective towards syngas production. This study examined the selectivity of mono‐ and bi‐metallic (M−N−C, M=Fe, Mo or FeMo) electrocatalysts towards syngas production. The ratio of the CO : H2 in the syngas was tuned by modifying the ratio of the metallic precursors in the bi‐metallic FeMo−N−C catalysts, tailoring the catalysts’ selectivity towards the CO2RR or the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The catalyst synthesis temperature(s) were considered as they influence the catalyst morphology and activity. Further, the dependence of the ratio of CO : H2 in the syngas as a function of the potential was explored for the different bi‐metallic catalysts. This work showed that by tailoring both the ratio of Fe : Mo in the bi‐metallic catalyst and optimizing the reductive potential, a CO : H2 ratio between 0.25 to 5 was achievable. This study demonstrated a novel approach in which the ratio of the product syngas composition could be tailored in a single reaction, without the need for further downstream processing to reach a desired composition.

Techno-economic evaluation of post-combustion carbon capture based on chemical absorption for the thermal cracking furnace in ethylene manufacturing

As the core unit of an ethylene production plant, thermal cracking furnace generates a large amount of CO2 emissions. To reduce the CO2 emissions, post-combustion carbon capture based on chemical absorption using monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent is used to capture CO2 from the thermal cracking furnace. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to simulate the operation of a 60kt/a thermal cracking furnace to obtain the flow rate and composition of the flue gas. A carbon capture plant model was developed using Aspen Plus® and validated using the pilot plant test data from Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) in Norway. Scale-up of the capture plant model was carried out to match the flue gas flow rate of the thermal cracking furnace. Two integration cases of the carbon capture plant and the industrial thermal cracking unit were carried out. The results show that the excess heat of the gasoline fractionator can be used to provide heat for the carbon capture plant without affecting ethylene production. The economic evaluation was conducted based on the two case studies. Results show that the cost of CO2 capture can be reduced from $80.03/tonne (without heat integration) to $70.41/tonne with heat integration. When considering the impact of carbon credits on capture costs, the cost will be further reduced to $50.41/tonne.

Research progress on the influence of geopolymer grouting material properties

Grouting technology is to inject slurry with cementing ability into the cracks and voids of the formation to achieve the purpose of reinforcement and filling. At present, cement-based materials are mainly used for grouting, which has the advantages of mature technology, cheap price, high stone strength and wide application, but there are also defects such as high-water separation rate, poor stability and long setting time. Most importantly, the production of cement materials consumes a lot of energy and emits a lot of CO2, which aggravates the global greenhouse effect and is not in line with the concept of sustainable development. In recent years, geopolymer materials based on volcanic ash and industrial waste residue have attracted extensive attention of scholars because of their green and environmental characteristics, and have been gradually applied in the field of grouting. Geopolymer is a new inorganic cementitious material formed by leaching the active components (Si, Al, and other elements) from industrial wastes such as fly ash, slag, and steel slag using chemical alkali activation technology (AAT) and further recombination. Using geopolymer as grouting material has two advantages :(1) geopolymer has a wide source of raw materials and low cost, which can effectively reduce the cost of grouting engineering; (2) Compared with cement materials, geopolymer materials have the advantages of low energy consumption, green environmental protection and other advantages, which can realize the effective recovery and reuse of industrial waste residue, reduce a large amount of CO2 emissions, and have far-reaching environmental and social benefits. Among them, temperature is an important factor affecting the properties of geopolymer grouting cementitious materials. In this paper, the effects of the selection of aluminosilicate raw materials, the fineness of raw materials, the ratio of liquid to solid, the type and modulus of alkali activator, and the temperature conditions on the properties of geopolymer grouting cementitious materials are comprehensively combed.