Large Agglomerates Research Articles

Adsorption of tylosin and sulfamethazine by carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide nanoparticles: pH-dependent mechanisms

The extensive application of antibiotics in livestock industry inescapably leads to their release to the aquatic environment. The occurrence of multiple engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in various water systems also has been widely observed. The interaction between the coexisting antibiotics and ENMs will affect their transport and fate in water. In this study, the adsorption of two representative veterinary antibiotics—tylosin (TYL) and sulfamethazine (SMT) by binary nano-adsorbents—carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) was investigated. Results exhibited that the adsorption behavior and mechanisms of TYL/SMT by the binary nano-adsorbents were highly pH-dependent. Under near-neutral condition (pH unadjusted), nTiO2 inhibited the adsorption of TYL/SMT by CNTs, mainly because of adsorption sites competition, weaker EDA interaction and less negatively charged CNT-nTiO2 clusters formation. Under acidic condition (pH 5.0), nTiO2 heteroaggregated with the oppositely charged CNTs via electrostatic attraction and generated large agglomerates, thus significantly decreased the possible adsorption sites of the adsorbents. Under alkaline condition (pH 8.0), nTiO2 inhibited the adsorption of TYL, but slightly promoted the adsorption of SMT, which resulted from the weaker electrostatic repulsion between the anionic SMT− and the less negatively charged nTiO2. The adsorption behavior and mechanisms were also confirmed by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic mobility (EPM) measurement, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) calculation. The observations of this study highlighted the mechanisms controlling the adsorption affinity between antibiotics and binary nano-adsorbents, and also opened up new horizons for the interaction and fate of nanomaterials and organic contaminants in the aquatic environment.

Hydrophobic Modification of Copper Nanospheres for Incorporation into Poloxamer Micelles, Aggregated Micellar Nanocages and Supramolecular Assemblies

Background: Polymer nanogels are increasingly used for the encapsulation of nano-solids and quantum dots such as in advanced forms of drug and therapeutic isotope delivery. Objective: Unlike ex vivo application of systems in vivo application and internalization are likely to suffer from aspects of failure to ensure safety and biocompatibility. Biocompatible hydrophilic poloxamer (Pluronic F108 and F68) micelles were studied by light scattering and tensiometry. Methods: The micelles of nano-gels are synthetic heteropolymer aggregates, which are used to encapsulate drugs but in this study chemically-modified (hydrophobized) copper nano-spheres, for the purposes of demonstration for further application and medical use. Copper benzoate nano-particles (CuBzNPs) were produced by maceration and subsequently stabilized in Pluronic F108 solution was added at different concentrations. Results: The resulting particle size increase was studied by dynamic light scattering. Moderate size increase was observed at low Pluronic F108 concentrations, which indicated successful coating, but at higher F108 concentrations large size agglomerates formed. Coated copper benzoate nano-particles (CuBzNPs) were fabricated as a proof-of-principle and as a substitute for bare metal nano-particles (MNs), which were not successfully entrained in the poloxamer nano-gel. As part of the synthesis copper benzoate (CuBz) beads and their characterization through contact angle measurements were performed. Conclusion: Micelles sizes of 4 nm for F68 Pluronic at equilibrium surface tensions of 36 mNm-1 were captured in weak, 1.25 to 2.0 Pas pseudoplastic gels fabricated from hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC).

Measurements and predictions of thermophoretic soot deposition

A thin laminar flow channel with a transverse temperature gradient was used to examine thermophoretic deposition of soot aerosol particles in experiments and modeled in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) simulations. Conditions investigated included three flowrates, with nominal Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of 55, 115 and 230, and two applied temperature gradients, nominally 10 °C/mm and 20 °C/mm, with repeats. Soot was generated from a propene diffusion flame. The burner exhaust was mixed with dilution air, and most large agglomerates greater than 1 μm aerodynamic diameter were removed prior to the channel inlet. The expected thermophoretic velocity of the aerosol was calculated from the applied temperature gradient. A calculated deposition velocity was determined from the mass of deposition, the channel inlet soot concentration, and the exposure time. Uniform soot deposition allowed targets to be used to measure the mass of deposition on the cold side of the channel. The mass of deposition was also determined by subtracting the mass of soot exiting the channel from the mass of soot entering the channel during the exposure time. The deposition velocities from these two methods generally agreed with the thermophoretic velocity and with each other. The deposition mass predicted by the FDS model also compared well with the experiments in most cases. The disagreements for the lowest flow rate cases are attributed to buoyant flow effects adding uncertainty to the actual temperature gradients present in the channel. (The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this paper are the authors’ and do not represent the views or policies of NIST or the United States Government.)

Study of Helium Swelling in Nitride Ceramics at Different Irradiation Temperatures.

This paper presents the results of a systematic study of helium swelling and the subsequent process of degradation of the near-surface layer of aluminum-based nitride ceramics. The samples were irradiated with 40 keV He2+ ions at temperatures of 300 and 1000 K with a fluence of 1 × 1017–5 × 1017 ions/cm2. The choice of radiation doses and temperature conditions was due to the possibility of simulating reactor tests of structural materials. It has been established that an increase in the irradiation fluence leads to the formation of large agglomerates of clusters of helium bubbles, as well as an increase in the degree of roughness and waviness of the surface with the formation of crater-like inclusions. In the case of irradiation at high temperatures, there was a slight decrease in the average size of helium inclusions compared with irradiation at room temperature. However, the density of inclusions and surface roughness were much higher. It is established that irradiation at room temperatures leads to a sharp decrease in ceramics density, as well as deformation of the crystal structure due to an increase in the density of dislocations and macrostresses in the structure. The decrease in ceramics density due to the formation of helium inclusions led to an increase in porosity and a defective fraction in the structure of the surface layer of ceramics.

Comparison of hydrophobicity and durability of functionalized aluminium oxide nanoparticle coatings with magnetite nanoparticles–links between morphology and wettability

HypothesisThe wetting characteristics of coatings created using functionalised nanoparticles and adhesive resins, depends strongly on the particle distribution within the surface layers. Although it has been shown that commercially available adhesives improve the durability of hydrophobic nanoparticle coatings, the wettability of these surfaces is governed by the agglomeration behaviour of the particles within the adhesive. As a consequence of this, coatings where the particles are highly agglomerated within the adhesive show lower hydrophobicity. ExperimentsThe morphology and chemical composition of coatings formed from carboxylate functionalised Al2O3 and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and epoxy resin on plastic was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Water contact angle (WCA) measurements were used to investigate how the coatings’ morphological characteristics and loading of the particles within the surface layers influenced their wettability. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to study carboxylate adsorption onto the magnetite nanoparticles. FindingsCombining the Al2O3 nanoparticles with epoxy resin was observed to create highly hydrophobic coatings that displayed water contact angles (WCAs) between 145 and 150°. These coatings displayed good durability when sonicated in isopropanol and wiped with tissue. By comparison, coatings formed from the magnetite nanoparticles were substantially less hydrophobic and displayed WCAs between 75 and 125° when combined with epoxy resin. SEM revealed that the magnetite nanoparticles in the coatings were present as large agglomerates. By comparison, coatings formed from the Al2O3 nanoparticles showed a more homogenous particle distribution. Furthermore, XPS showed that the resin engulfed the magnetite nanoparticles to a far greater extent. The difference in wetting behaviour of these coatings is largely attributed to their different morphologies, since the particles are similar sizes and TGA shows that the particles possess similar carboxylate grafting densities. The uneven distribution of nanoparticles in the magnetite/epoxy resin coating is due to the particles’ magnetic properties, which drive nanoparticle agglomeration as the coatings solidify. This work demonstrates that it is important to consider inter-particle interactions when fabricating low wettability composite coatings.

Effects of inorganic ions, organic polymers, and fly ashes on the sedimentation characteristics of kaolinite suspensions

The effects of inorganic ions, organic polymers, and fly ashes on the sedimentation characteristics of kaolinite suspensions, which include the particle associations, sedimentation mode, initial settling rate, final sediment height, and soil formation time, were systematically investigated through the batch sedimentation tests. The addition of salt and polymers were found to change the microfabrics of kaolinite and influence the sedimentation modes and settling rate of kaolinite suspensions. Due to the effects of charge neutralization and polymer bridging, cationic polymers such as cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and chitosan were found to facilitate flocculatation and aggregation of kaolinite, therefore, increased the settling rate and decreased the final sediment height. On the other hand, anionic polymers, for example, the polyacrylic acid (PAA), was found to relatively delay the process of settling and prolong the soil formation time due to the pseudoplastic nature and large repulsive forces among negatively charged polymers and negatively charged kaolinite particles. Fly ash hydration increased the ionic strength, which changed the the kaolinite from dispersed free settling to flocculated zone settling. In addition, fly ash particles were found to collide with the kaolinite particles during settling and form large agglomerates, therefore the settling rate of fly ash-soil mixture increased with the addition of fly ashes.

Анализ состояния смолы при обессмоливании сульфатной лиственной целлюлозы

Sticky inclusions in fiber often create a serious obstruction called as «pitch troubles». At the present time there is no universal and effective method for their elimination. The proposed approach of cellulose treatment with synergistic mixtures of surfactants and enzymes will allow combining both traditional and progressive deresination technologies. The influence of the mixtures of deresination agents and their individual components on the resin forms in the sulphate non-bleached short fiber (leaf) pulp was analyzed to assess the functional efficiency of these compositions. The target of research choice is due to the fact that pitch troubles particularly occur in the manufacturing of sulphate short fiber pulp. The total resin content of the cellulose was determined by the extraction-gravimetric method. The resin forms (coagulated, encapsulated or dispersed) were evaluated by microscopy. It has been established that the deresination action of nonionic surfactantsis mutually activated in the joint presents. However, a small reduction of total resin content is observed under the deresination action of a mixture of nonionic surfactant and lipase. At the same time, all reagents showed good dispersing properties regardless of their nature. A decrease in the coagulated resin content of medium size with a simultaneous increase in the dispersed resin amount and with the almost complete absence of large resin agglomerates was shown to be most important for deresination. The trend of resin forms under the effect of synergistic mixture of nonionic surfactants is probably due to the diffusion-solubilization mechanism of the deresination action. Analysis of the deresination action of selected reagents and their mixtures has shown that the existing studies on problem of reducing cellulose pitch content with mixtures of surfactants and enzymesdoes do not give an overarching assessment, so a detailed study of the multifactor deresination process is needed.For citation: Smith R.A., Demyantseva E.Yu., Andranovich O.S. Analysis of resin forms in the process of sulphate hardwood cellulose deresination. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 4, pp.168–178. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.4.168*The article was published in the framework of implementation the development program of scientific journals in 2019.

Mussel adhesive protein-coated titanium oxide nanoparticles for effective NO removal from versatile substrates

Titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based photocatalysis has been adopted to decrease nitrogenous oxides levels in air. However, the low binding abilities of polymeric binders used to bind TiO2 particles to various substrates in wet conditions, and the formation of large agglomerates of TiO2 particles due to poor the adhesion between polymeric binders and TiO2 particles have obstructed various indoor and outdoor applications of TiO2. In this study, we demonstrated an effective method of dispersing TiO2 particles in an aqueous solution with the help of mussel adhesive protein (MAP). The MAP was homogeneously coated on the surfaces of TiO2 particles with a thickness of 3–4 nm. The MAP acted as a dispersing agent for the TiO2 particles and enabled strong and stable adhesion between TiO2 and the substrates. Moreover, the homogeneously coated MAP layer did not affect the intrinsic photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 particles. Notably, the MAP/TiO2 nanoparticle-coated stainless steel sample exhibited a superior NO removal rate to mortar, glass, and wood-containing samples because of the enhanced efficiency of the photocatalytic redox process. The developed protein-based suspension could be successfully applied to various construction materials including cement, glass, wood, and stainless steel because of the strong binding ability of MAP, especially in wet conditions.

Effect of Oleic Acid Coating of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Properties of Magnetic Polyamide-6 Nanocomposite

This work reports the development and testing of a magnetic polymer (Polyamide 6, PA6) nanocomposite capable of melting when exposed to an external magnetic field. Addition of high concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) can induce quick melting but is detrimental to the mechanical properties of the polymer. To reduce the amount of NPs required for achieving efficient melting, they should be well dispersed in the polymer. In this study, the oleic acid loading on the surfaces of the NPs was varied to study the effect of variations in coatings on the dispersion in the polymer and on the polymer melting time. The NPs functionalized with oleic acid were added to melted monomer ε-caprolactam and polymerized using ring-opening polymerization. The resulting PA6 nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results confirmed that the PA6 nanocomposite showed a decrease of 8–10% in its glass-transition temperature compared to commercial PA6. The crystallinity of the synthesized samples were found to vary between 42% and 57%. The 55 wt.% oleic acid-loaded NPs were found to disperse most efficiently in the PA6 matrix; however, some large agglomerates were formed due to excessive oleic acid. Therefore, the 22 wt.% oleic acid coating showed overall superior dispersion. Additionally, the magnetic induction response was tested by observing a melt-characteristic of the magnetic polymer composite using a model set-up. Oleic acid concentration is found to affect the dispersion, melting time and crystallinity of the nanocomposite.

Carbon Soot/n–carboxylic Acids Composites As Form‐stable Phase Change Materials For Thermal Energy Storage

AbstractSpongy carbon soot (s‐CS) was prepared and used as novel host material of the form‐stable composite phase change materials (PCMs). The s‐CS was constructed by the interconnected and compact large agglomerates of the soot particles with an average size of 25–60 nm. The average pore diameter of the s‐CS was measured to be 15.3 nm. Owing to capillary forces of s‐CS, n‐carboxylic acids can be easily absorbed into the pores and stay stable without leakage. The PCMs/s‐CS composite present a high heat storage capacity between 83.42 J g−1 and 99.63 J g−1, corresponding to the mass fraction of n‐carboxylic acids between 50.10% and 53.20%. The effects of the supporting material on thermal stability and thermal conductivity of composites were investigated by means of thermogravimetry and flash thermal conductivity testing. The PCM/spongy CS composites exhibit excellent thermal stability and durability, and may have great potential for renewable energy saving applications.

Dilution and microfiltration of particulate corticosteroids for spinal epidural injections: impact on drug concentration and agglomerate formation.

Particulate corticosteroids have been described to lead to greater pain improvement compared with their non-particulate counterparts when used in epidural injections. It is hypothesised that filtering may significantly impact their concentration and long-term efficacy. We investigated if passing particulate suspensions through different commonly-used filters affects drug dosage. Two particulate corticosteroid formulations, triamcinolone acetonide and methylprednisolone acetate, were mixed at different concentrations with either bupivacaine hydrochloride or 0.9% sodium chloride. Solutions were passed through a 5-μm and a 0.2-μm filter. Mass spectroscopy results indicated a complete loss of corticosteroid from the solutions using both filters, and light microscopy imaging demonstrated agglomerate formation, suggesting that filtering interferes with drug dosage. The choice of diluents must also be considered to reduce large agglomerate formation. Clinicians should be aware of the consequences of filtering particulate suspensions and carefully consider the selection of diluent when considering treatment plans.

Triplet Sensitization by Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films for Efficient Solid-State Photon Upconversion at Subsolar Fluxes

Summary We investigate the rubrene triplet sensitization by perovskite thin films based on methylammonium formamidinium lead triiodide (MAFA) of varying thicknesses. The power-law dependence of both the MAFA photoluminescence (PL) intensity and upconverted emission is tracked as a function of the incident power density. Bimolecular triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) exhibits a unique power-law dependence with a slope change from quadratic-to-linear at the threshold Ith. The underlying MAFA PL power-law dependence dictates the power law of the upconverted PL: (1) below Ith, the slope of the upconverted PL is twice the value of the MAFA PL; (2) above Ith, it follows the same power law as the underlying recombination of mobile electrons and holes in the MAFA films. We find that the Ith shifts to subsolar incident laser powers when increasing the MAFA thickness above 30 nm. For the thickest MAFA film of 380 nm we find an upconversion threshold of Ith = 7.1 mW/cm2.

Agglomerated Tungsten Carbide: A New Approach for Tool Surface Reinforcement

For the first time tungsten carbide particles were deliberately agglomerated by two-step laser melt injection. After a regular laser melt injection, a second laser melt injection was performed with additional tungsten carbide particles in order to generate a large local agglomerate. The influence of laser power, laser spot diameter, powder feeding rate and pulse time on the agglomeration process was examined and depended on the energy input and tungsten carbide quantity introduced into the metal matrix composite surface. Chemical composition of the agglomerates corresponded with the values of tungsten carbide and the agglomerate hardness was slightly lower. It is intended to apply this agglomerated tungsten carbide for deep drawing tools under Dry Metal Forming conditions.

Printed Thin Diblock Copolymer Films with Dense Magnetic Nanostructure

Thin hybrid films with dense magnetic structures for sensor applications are printed using diblock copolymer (DBC) templating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). To achieve a high-density magnetic structure, the printing ink is prepared by mixing polystyrene- block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS- b-PMMA) with a large PS volume fraction and PS selective MNPs. Solvent vapor annealing is applied to generate a parallel cylindrical film morphology (with respect to the substrate), in which the MNP-residing PS domains are well separated by the PMMA matrix, and thus, the formation of large MNP agglomerates is avoided. Moreover, the morphologies of the printed thin films are determined as a function of the MNP concentration with real and reciprocal space characterization techniques. The PS domains are found to be saturated with MNPs at 1 wt %, at which the structural order of the hybrid films reaches a maximum within the studied range of MNP concentration. As a beneficial aspect, the MNP loading improves the morphological order of the thin DBC films. The dense magnetic structure endows the thin films with a faster superparamagnetic responsive behavior, as compared to thick films where identical MNPs are used, but dispersed inside the minority domains of the DBC.

Effect of engine operating conditions on soot layer permeability and density in diesel particulate filters

Understanding the variation of soot deposit properties in diesel particulate filters is necessary for their real-life modeling and onboard control. In this study, the effect of exhaust mass flow rate and particle agglomerate size on the soot layer permeability and density was investigated experimentally and analyzed using a well-validated model. A bare and a coated diesel particulate filter were loaded at five different engine operating points, specially selected to explore these effects in a heavily used part of the diesel engine map. Particle emissions were characterized in terms of particle agglomerate size distribution and primary particle diameter, while soot layer permeability and density were estimated indirectly by fitting the model to the pressure drop recordings. To this end, an automatic calibration procedure was applied to obtain values in a consistent and repeatable manner. The results showed considerable variation in both permeability and density. Furthermore, some trends could be identified after depicting the particle characterization data and soot layer properties in contour plots. Increased permeability appeared at the engine operating point with high flow rate and large particle agglomerate size. Lower density was obtained at the operating points with large particle agglomerate diameter.

Moving reaction fronts in fractal nanoparticle agglomerates

Self-limiting gas-surface reactions lead to reaction fronts that penetrate nanoporous materials with a finite speed. We present a closed form theoretical model, validated against molecular simulations, that shows the influence of the fractal scaling law on the time needed to fully penetrate fractal agglomerates of nanoparticles. For very large agglomerate sizes, this penetration time scales with the number of particles N in the agglomerate as NDf-1Df. The penetration time for agglomerates with fractal dimensions Df<3 may therefore be orders of magnitude smaller than for non-fractal porous materials.

Sampling Techniques on Collecting Fine Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Exposure Assessment

Carbon nanotube (CNT) sampling using an open-faced 25 mm cassette fiber sampling method and a newly developed direct sampling device was evaluated for the size fractioned analysis of collected airborne CNT fibers to improve the sampling and analytical methods. The open-faced 25 mm cassette fiber sampling method primarily collected large agglomerates, with the majority of collected particles being larger than two micrometer in size. Most of CNT structures collected by the new direct sampling device were individual fibers and clusters smaller than one micrometer with a high particle number concentration discrepancy compared to the open-faced 25 mm cassette method raising the concern of this sampling method to representatively characterize the respirable size fraction of CNT aerosols. This work demonstrates that a specialized technique is needed for collecting small fibers to provide a more representative estimate of exposure. It is recommended that an additional sampler be used to directly collect and analyze small fibers in addition to the widely accepted sampling method which utilizes an open-faced 25 mm cassette.

Dispersion and Structure Analysis of Nanocrystalline Ti-mZrO₂ Composite Powder for Biomedical Applications.

Titanium and titanium alloys are widely employed in biomedical applications but these alloys have unsatisfactory tribological properties because of their low hardness. Much better biomaterials for hard tissue replacement implants may be acquired by the preparation of titanium composites. Therefore, the connection of excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity of ZrO₂ ceramics with good properties of titanium is considered to be a promising approach for the fabrication of more perfect hard tissue replacement implants. This study describes the formation of Ti-ZrO₂ nanostructure composite biomaterial. Weighted amounts with the composition corresponding to Ti-xZrO₂ (x = 10, 30 and 50 wt.%) were high energy milled in the planetary ball mill PULVERISETTE 7 premium line by Fritch at 10, 30 and 50 h milling times. Structural evolution and morphological changes of the powder particles during mechanical alloying were studied using the X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The Rietveld method was applied for the verification of the qualitative and quantitative phase composition of the studied material. The parameters of diffraction line profiles were determined by PRO-FIT Toraya procedure. The crystallite sizes and lattice distortions were analyzed by Williamson-Hall method. It was found that during high-energy milling a significant decrease of crystallite size to nanoscale is observed for α-Ti and mZrO₂ phases. The images from scanning and transmission electron microscopes of the milled powders show that the size of the agglomerates of Ti nanocrystallites changes in a broad range and that ZrO₂ particles can be immersed in larger agglomerates or occur separately.

Melting, Solidification, and Crystallization of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane as a Function of Hard Segment Content

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) with varying hard segment contents (HSC) are monitored during melting and solidifying (, Tmax = 220 ° C) by small‐angle and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS). Hard segments: MDI/BD. Soft segments: PTHF1000. The neat materials are injection‐molded, having small amorphous hard domains (chord length ). Results indicate complexity of morphology changes. For example, crystals are predominantly produced in freshly segregated, sufficiently large hard domains, while the temperature decreases slowly enough. After the thermal treatment, only the materials with HSC &gt;∼ 35% show sharp Bragg peaks and larger hard domains (). When heated, small domains melt, but crystallization in the remaining large domains is not detected. Upon cooling, large agglomerates segregate first, which crystallize immediately. Segregation starts for HSC = 42% at 160 °C and for HSC = 75% at 210 °C. When HSC ≤ 30%, the morphologies before and after are similar, but afterward, many hard blocks are dissolved in the soft phase at the expense of the hard domain fraction. In heating and cooling the melts, multiple homogenization and segregation processes are observed, which are explained by the agglomeration of hard blocks of different lengths in the colloidal fluid.

Intercalations and Characterization of Zinc/Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide-Cinnamic Acid

Cinnamic acid (CA) is known to lose its definite function by forming into radicals that able to penetrate into the skin and lead to health issues. Incorporating CA into zinc/aluminum-layered double hydroxides (Zn/Al-LDH) able to reduce photodegradation and eliminate close contact between skin and CA. Co-precipitation or direct method used by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and aluminium nitrate nonahydrate as starting precursors with addition of various concentration of CA. The pH were kept constant at 7 ± 0.5. Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) shows the presence of nanocomposites peak 3381 cm–1 for OH group, 1641 cm–1 for C=O group, 1543 cm–1 for C=C group and 1206 cm–1 for C–O group and disappearance of N–O peak at 1352 cm–1 indicates that cinnamic acid were intercalated in between the layered structures. Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis for Zn/Al-LDH show the basal spacing of 9.0 Ǻ indicates the presence of nitrate and increases to 18.0 Ǻ in basal spacing in 0.4M Zn/Al-LDH-CA. CHNS analysis stated that 40 % of cinnamic acid were being found and intercalated in between the interlayer region of the Zn/Al-LDH with higher thermal stability. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images of 0.4 M Zn/Al-LDH-CA shows that the nanocomposites are in more compact, flaky non porous, large agglomerates with smooth the surfaces of the intercalated compound. Controlled release was successful with 80 % release in phosphite anion and 70 % release carbonate anion. The cinnamic acid was successfully inserted between the interlayer regions of Zn/Al-LDH with slow release formulation.