Laptop Usage Research Articles

Botulinum toxin-A in acute acquired comitant esotropia during COVID pandemic in children and young adolescents

Abstract Purpose: To study the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the treatment of patients with acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) due to excessive use of mobile and laptops in the COVID era in the pediatric population and adolescents. Methods: This was a retrospective, interventional study of pediatric patients and young adults who presented with AACE and received unilateral or bilateral BTX-A. All the patients complained of binocular diplopia and sudden onset of esotropia with a history of mobile or laptop usage during the COVID era (2020–2023). Twenty-seven patients with acute-onset esotropia in 3 years (2020–2023) were included. All patients were administered 2.5–7.5 units of BTX-A (Botox, Allergan, India) into the unilateral or bilateral medial rectus muscle of the deviating eye under short general anesthesia or local anesthesia. The main outcome measures were pre- and post-injection angle of deviation, pre- and post-injection stereopsis, final level of stereopsis achieved, recurrence, and whether strabismus surgery was later required. Results: The mean age of patients was 12.85 ± 7.15 years (range: 4–25 years). The mean dosage of Botox was 6 U (2.5–7.5 U). The mean follow-up was 6 months (6 months–2 years). The mean preoperative angle of deviation (AOD) was 41.11 ± 10.9 prism diopters (PD) for distance and 41.67 ± 10.9 PD for near. The maximum effect of BTX-A was seen at 1 month; post-injection AOD was 13.65 ± 14.7 PD for distance and 14.87 ± 15.8 PD for near (P < 0.001). Over half of the patients achieved optimal outcomes, with improvements in stereopsis and sensory fusion. Early intervention (within 3 months of symptom onset) significantly correlated with treatment success. Conclusion: While BTX-A therapy for acute-onset esotropia demonstrates efficacy, patient-specific considerations are essential. This study highlights the evolving nature in the digital age and early administration of BTX-A along with close follow-up to monitor residual and recurrence of esotropia. The surgical intervention can increase the final success rate.

Prevalence of Neck Pain in Physiotherapist

Background: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders among health professionals, including physiotherapists, who are often involved in activities that include holding a posture for a longer duration and performance of repetitive movements. The increased usage of smartphones and laptops enhances bad postures, particularly bending of the neck in flexion, adding to the problems related to neck pain. Objective: The present study has been taken up to assess the prevalence of neck pain among physiotherapists and their relation with gender and age. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 100 physiotherapists, of which 63 were females and 37 were males. Neck pain prevalence was assessed with the Neck Disability Index questionnaire. Data collection was done in person from November 2023 to February 2024. Results were statistically analyzed, with descriptive statistics shown in tabulations, graphs, and figures. Results: The overall prevalence of neck pain among the participants was 64%. In accordance with the NDI scale, the physiotherapists self-reported 39% to have mild disability; 23%, moderate disability; only 2% were severely disabled and none with complete disability. On a gender basis, females revealed a slightly higher prevalence of neck pain, 25%, compared to their male counterparts, 24%. Conclusion: In this study, a high prevalence of neck pain was found among physiotherapists, with a slightly increased occurrence in females. These findings bring out the importance of increasing awareness toward ergonomic practices and health regarding posture to decrease neck pain in physiotherapists. The modifiable risk factors identified will have an emphasis on the promotion of good postures with lifestyle modifications to aid in the prevention of neck pain in physiotherapists. Making these changes and taking up appropriate treatments form an important aspect of the management of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

The Relevance of Handwriting in a Tech-Driven Academia

Abstract Modern technology has gained enormous reach over more traditional analogic practices in all fields due to the desire of individuals to ease their work. However, teachers and researchers have overlooked the consequences of such a transition. For instance, in some academic institutions, laptop usage has decreased the need to submit handwritten assignments. Moreover, most class assignments must now be turned in online and hard copy texts have been replaced with digital copies which are easier to access on library databases. Transitioning to technology as a critical tool and medium for academia has created some issues for instructors who must integrate the use of this technology into their curriculum. There are many more harmful effects that a technology driven academia can cause when individuals cannot distinguish between the use of technology for pleasure and studying. Although modern technology offers various ways to learn and motivate, traditional practices that have proven effective for centuries should not be excluded outright.

Air Handwriting using AI and ML

Air-writing refers to virtually writing linguistic characters through hand gestures in three dimensional space with six degrees of freedom. In this paper a generic video camera dependent convolutional neural network (CNN) based air-writing framework has been proposed. Gestures are performed using a marker of fixed color in front of a generic video camera followed by color based segmentation to identify the marker and track the trajectory of marker tip. A pre-trained CNN is then used to classify the gesture. The recognition accuracy is further improved using transfer learning with the newly acquired data. The performance of the system varies greatly on the illumi nation condition due to color based segmentation. In a less fluctuating illumination condition the system is able to recognize isolated unistroke numerals of multiple languages. The proposed framework achieved 97.7recognition rate in person inde pendent evaluation over English, Bengali and Devanagari numerals, respectively. Object tracking is considered as an important task within the field of Computer Vision. The invention of faster computers, availability of inexpensive and good quality video cameras and demands of automated video analysis has given popularity to object tracking techniques. Generally, video analysis procedure has three major steps: firstly, detecting of the object, secondly tracking its movement from frame to frame and lastly analysing the behaviour of that object. For object tracking, four different issues are taken into account; selection of suitable object representation, feature selection for tracking, object detection and object tracking. In real world, Object tracking algorithms are the primarily part of different applications such as: automatic surveillance, video indexing and vehicle navigation etc. The generated text can also be used for various purposes, such as sending messages, emails, etc. It will be a powerful means of communication for the deaf. It is an effective communication method that reduces mobile and laptop usage by eliminating the need to write. Key Words: Air Writing, Character Recognition, Object Detection, Real-Time Gesture Control System, Computer Vision , Hand tracking.

Electricity conservation intention among university students in northern Ghana: An assessment of the drivers for some electrical appliances

University students are among those associated with high energy consumption but with low conservational practices. Such behavior has serious implications on energy sustainability and emission of greenhouse gases. For developing countries, low electricity conservation increases the burden on utility companies and the government as a whole. Efforts to promote electricity conservation have led to an increased number of studies. However, such research have not given much consideration to the role of emotions as well as religion in energy conservation. Evidence from Ghana is also limited. This study examines the factors of electricity conservation intention among University students in Ghana. With the lens of the theory of planned behavior, electricity conservation intention associated with the usage of laptops, refrigerators, light and electric fans was assessed. Emotions and religion were included in the model to assess their effect. Data was collected through the administration of questionnaires to 204 university students. The findings from ordered probit regression indicate that subjective norms, perceived behaviourial control, attitude, emotions and religion influence the extent that students intend to conserve electricity. However, their effects were somehow found to be appliance-specific. The results suggest that continuous teaching of the need for electricity conservation at religious centers or among religious groups could generate some guaranteed levels of electricity conservation among students and may be, even among the larger population. Individuals that assume considerable importance in society should act as conservation leaders to promote such behavior among students and the general public.

Impact of Laptop Usage, Typing Skills, and Ergonomics on Musculoskeletal Pain among Medical Resident Doctors – An Observational Study

Background: In today’s era of digital learning, the utility of laptops has drastically been increased. Sustained postural strain resulting from poor ergonomics while using laptops may lead to musculoskeletal discomforts (MSD). This study aimed to determine touch-typing skills of medical students, quantitative assessment of their postural ergonomics, and implications of their efforts while typing on the prevalence of MSD. Methods: Sixty medical students were asked to take an online typing test (www.ratatype.com) and their typing speed in words per minute (WPM) and accuracy (%) were noted. The lateral pictures of the students were taken while performing the typing test and objective ergonomics analysis using craniovertebral angle (CVA) and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) scoring system. Results: None of the students demonstrated touch typing proficiency. The average typing speed (WPM) and accuracy (%) were observed to be 27.893 and 94.768, respectively. The mean CVA was 33.17, much lower than the average norm. The mean final RULA score was 5.62, indicating a high degree of MSD risk. Moderate-to-severe laptop users (≥4 h/day) showed higher prevalence of MSDs (P < 0.05) as compared to normal-to-mild users. A significant negative correlation was found between CVA and RULA scores. Conclusion: The study concluded average typing speed and accuracy, poor ergonomics (low CVA), and moderate-to-high MSD risk (based on RULA score) were seen among students. A high MSD prevalence was reported in laptop usage of ≥ 4 h/day, which can be ascribed to postural strain from improper typing habits and poor ergonomics.

Knowledge and Practice of Laptop Ergonomics in Office Employees

Background: The rapid growth of information technology has led to increased laptop usage in offices, industries, and educational settings. However, the lack of knowledge and practice of ergonomics during laptop use can result in musculoskeletal discomfort and constrained postures. It is important to provide information to frequent laptop users about the ergonomics effects to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: Study is aimed to access knowledge and practice level of laptop ergonomics among office employees. Methodology: The following descriptive study was conducted on a sample size of 195 employees calculated through Rao-soft software. Data was collected by using convenient sampling technique from two private and one government office setting operating in Lahore, Pakistan, using a questionnaire assessing knowledge and practice of laptop ergonomics among office employees. Employees fulfilling the eligibility criteria were encouraged to fill the questionnaire after informed consent. Result: 195 employees with mean age 29.892±8.008 participated in this study. 75.9% had fair knowledge of laptop ergonomics and 59.6% employees practice this moderately. 12.3% participant had good knowledge of laptop ergonomics out which only 7.2% have good practice of laptop ergonomics while 11.8% population had poor knowledge and 33.3% had poor laptop ergonomic practice. Conclusion: More than half of the office employees are well known with knowledge of laptop practice but they don’t practice ergonomics in daily work routine. Workplace administrations should design offices based on ergonomic principles to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Education programs and seminars on laptop ergonomics can raise awareness among employees. Keywords: Knowledge and practice, laptop ergonomics, office employees

A Comparative Study on Consumer Preference and Satisfaction with Special Reference to the Usage of DELL and HP Laptops in Chennai City

Today technology has brought the world in own hands human being very much to the complicated work in to easier. Gradually the invention and discoveries are made from time to time has head us to a comfortable world. One such significant is the laptop. The objective of the study is to know access the cost and performance of HP laptop and evaluate satisfaction level of the customers towards HP laptop. The sample size of the study was conducted in Chennai city. Majority of the members use the laptop for studies. Majority of the respondents’ awareness are through friends & relatives. Majority of the respondents are aware of the hardware configuration in laptop computers. Michael Dell founded Dell computer corporation, PCs limited, in 1984 while a student at the University of Texas at Austin. Operating from Michael Dell’s off- campus dormitory room at Dobie Centre, the startup aimed to sell IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Laptop once considered a luxury has now become an important gadget in the present era of technology rich world.

Prevalence of Upper Cross Syndrome In Medical Students of Women Medical College, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Upper Cross Syndrome is a common muscular imbalance involving head, neck and shoulder region. It exhibits a common postural disruption linked with tonal abnormalities of the pectoral girdle musculature and cervicothoracic part of the body. This syndrome is characterized by neck pain and its restricted range of motion, forward head posture and rounded shoulders. It is usually seen in persons who work for longer period of time in misaligned body position. This study was intended to check the prevalence of Upper crossed syndrome in medical students of Women Medical College, Abbottabad. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 305 students of age group 18-25 years were recruited. Data was sought in two phases. In the first phase, participants were asked to fill a self-designed questionnaire containing demographics and other symptomology of Upper Cross Syndrome which included pain in neck region, duration of study hours, frequently used electronic gadget for study, total study hours, stiffness around neck and chest, area and type of pain while studying and presence of headache. In the second phase, restricted neck range of motion was assessed using a goniometer, forward head posture was checked using the wall and ruler and posture analysis was done to check for rounded shoulders by a physiotherapist. The study employed convenient sampling technique for data collection. The data was first entered and then analyzed by SPSS version 22 software which fetched percentages for each variable. In order to find whether any correlation between the two variables exist or not, a chi-square test was conducted using SPSS version 22 and values were interpreted (p-value <0.05). As a result, among the 305 subjects, 72.13% felt tightness around the neck while 36.07% students reported pain in neck after prolong usage of either mobile phone or laptop. Subsequent restriction in range of motion of the neck was reported by 32.13% participants. About 47.86% subjects who filled the questionnaire were diagnosed with rounded shoulders after a detailed posture analysis by a physiotherapist. Among those 47.86% subjects, moderate pectoral muscle stiffness was reported by 67.45% students while 19.6% had severe pectoral stiffness. Forward head posture was observed by the physiotherapist utilizing wall and ruler method in 84.5% of all the participating subjects. Among the recruits who experienced any sort of neck or shoulder girdle pain, 20% reported using pain killers for relief, 7.21% have had physiotherapy treatment protocol while 72.79% took no treatment at all. Thus it was concluded that a significant number of medical students in Women Medical College, Abbottabad were suffering with Upper cross syndrome either due to excessive smart phone usage or poor study posture. Keywords Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS), Cervical, Shoulder, Musculoskeletal (MSK), Forward Head Posture (FHP).

The Effect of Laptop Usage Behaviors on Eye Fatigue on Work-from-Home (WFH) Lecturers during The Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has encouraged changes in society, especially in the aspect of education. Learning is conducted online and educators carry out activities from home. However, this has a negative impact on physical health, which may occur due to WFH behavior, which is Eye Fatigue. Laptop usage behavior depend on the size of the laptop, the duration and frequency of laptop usage, the visual distance, the position of the monitor and eye rest. This study intends to determine the effect of laptop usage behavior on Eye Fatigue. This study uses an observational design with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study is 175 lecturers and use a simple random sampling technique. The used instruments are laptop usage behavior and visual fatigue index questionnaires distributed through Google Forms. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Somers’d correlation statistical test. The results show a significant level of laptop size with eye fatigue with a p-value = 0.005, while the other variables were not related. The behavior of using a laptop has affected eye fatigue especially because of the size of the laptop. They use standard laptop size and use laptop support when operating laptops.

THE EFFECT OF SLING-BASED MANUAL THERAPY AND STABILIZATION EXERCISE FOR IMPROVING CERVICAL ALIGNMENT AND MOBILITY IN INDIVIDUAL WITH FORWARD HEAD POSTURE

Individual that greater use of information and communication technologies such as computer, smartphone, or other media has the tendency failure of body postures. Laptop usage has been associated with adolescent neck pain, with daily use of computers exceeding 2-3 hours as a threshold to forward head posture. Forward head posture can affect the result of reducing cervical alignment and mobility of the neck. There are exercises that intention to improving the cervical alignment and mobility, particularly sling-based manual therapy and stabilization exercise. A sling device provide the research subject with optimal loading of each target segment, in actual neutral position, and an environment for exercise in a closed kinetic chain. Spinal mobilization techniques used in manual spinal treatment activate the descending pathway from the peritubular gray region (PAG) of the midbrain. Moreover, stabilization exercise affect postural control through concurrent contractions of the agonist and antagonist muscles to improving cervical alignment and mobility.
 Key Words: Sling; Manual Therapy; Stabilization Exercise; Cervical Alignment; Cervical Mobility; Forward Head Posture

Higher Duration of Laptop Usage Associated with the Occurrence of Neck Disability in Undergraduate Physical Therapy Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: To prevent the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic, all students in Indonesia were learning from home using laptops for long durations, that cause neck disabilities. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between laptop use and disability in the neck region.
 Methods: This study was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis with 106 students in semesters 3rd, 5th, and 7th as participants. Data was taken using a questionnaire on a google form which was distributed in August 2021. Participant data such as age, gender, semester level, height, weight, physical activity per day and per week, use of Kinesio taping, any physiotherapy action taken for neck pain, use of pain medication, use of laptops per day and per week, and ergonomic position were collected as predictors of neck pain which were interpreted if the neck disability index questionnaire (NDI) value was >60%.
 Results: This study showed the results of 106 participants that have been analyzed, an increase of 1 hour of laptop use in students has a significant relation to an increase in neck pain of 3.1% after adjusting with other variables (p = 0.034). At the same time, other characteristics did not show a significant effect after adjusting with other variables on the occurrence of neck pain.
 Conclusions: With every increase in the possibility of using a laptop in undergraduate students, there was a significant increase in the risk of developing NDI after adjusting with other variables (gender, use of painkillers, ergonomic position, physical activity, and semester).

KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PENGGUNA LAPTOP DAN SMARTPHONE PADA MAHASISWA STIKES INDONESIA PADANG SELAMA STUDI FROM HOME DIMASA PANDEMIC COVID-19 TAHUN 2021

The implementation of educational policies in education as during emergency period of the Corona virus disease (Covid-19) includes home and online learning, which requires the use of supporting technology such as cellphones, computers, and tablets. The increasing number of hours spent on laptops or cellphones will have a variety of consequences, one of which is musculoskeletal issues. According to direct interviews, 3 out of 5 respondents had muscle issues after attending online lectures on a laptop or smartphone. The goal of this descriptive research was to describe the description of musculoskeletal symptoms caused by the usage of laptops or cellphones among students in the HKK StikesI study program's 2019 class. Time and place From April to November 2021, this study was conducted at STIKesI Padang with a population of 90 students from the 2019 HKK study program. A total sampling method was used to collect data using a Nordic Body Map questionnaire that was sent via an internet form. According to the results, 12.2 percent of respondents had moderate to severe musculoskeletal symptoms. Students with musculoskeletal difficulties should take a break after online learning and stretch their muscles to avoid uncomfortable learning positions and settings when studying online.Keyworlds: Learning online (SFH), Laptop, Musculoskeletal System (MsDs).

Screen time and static posture of laptop usage among university student and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic

The government has been obliged to adapt educational activities through online learning in anticipation of the COVID-19 outbreak. Meanwhile the increase in the frequency and duration of laptop usage has implications for increased individual screen time. Therefore, this study aims to determine the description of screen time and the relationship between posture and the type of laptop usage. A total of 1085 people participated in the survey, including students, lecturers, and academic staff at the University of Indonesia. Data was collected through a questionnaire containing a list of questions related to the average laptop usage per day, which was divided into 4 categories, such as <1, 1-2, 2-3, and >3 hours. Another question is the purpose of using a laptop, which was divided into 11 types of activities and body postures. The results showed significant correlation in all observed body postures, sitting with a table was significantly correlated with 7 types of activity, sitting without a table with 6 types of activity, sitting on the floor with a table with 4 types of activity, sitting on the floor without a table with 3 types of activity, standing with 4 types of activities and lying down with 3 types of activities.

Evaluating Students’ Perceptions of Microsoft Teams for Online Academics Improvement

Online academic learning throughout the world has gained much importance and this is mainly due to the presence of Information and Communication Technologies. The introduction of online learning has led to the vast usage of personal computers (PCs), tablets, laptops, and smartphones. Even so, due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, all physical academic activities stopped in educational institutes and the delivery of education was shifted to an online learning platform. From this standpoint, many educational institutes used various types of online applications such as Microsoft teams, Zoom, Skype, Whatsapp, and so on, to continue their studies which is an important aspect, particularly when there are no physical classes. These online applications have gained popularity because they offer an opportunity to connect with people anywhere, at any time. These online applications have provided a platform to share knowledge and experience with people around the globe. In education, these online applications play a vital role in strengthening the knowledge of students, teachers, and trainees. This paper focuses on the use of Microsoft teams as an online application in education and evaluates the effects of its use on university students’ performance in education. For this purpose, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been used to investigate the acceptance of Microsoft teams as an online source in education. For the study, data has been collected from the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science, and Technology, Nawabshah. Key parameters like ease of use and perceived usefulness have been considered for measuring the performance of students. The findings revealed that students had a positive impression of Microsoft Teams. Students expect that Microsoft teams will be utilized during online learning with some modifications so that learning may be done more successfully and efficiently.

Impact of Product Design on Purchase Decision of Laptop among College Level Students

Now-a-days, technology is changing with innovation and development to meet human needs and wants. It assists in communication and shares information with different categories of people and users. It has seen the usage of laptops is increasing these days. Moreover, caused by the quickly storing, shifting, and retrieving the information, consumers can use it to have pertinent information anytime, anywhere. The objective of this study is an impact of product design on purchase decision and to recognize the association between the gender and choice of product design with reference to laptop. The study has been adopted descriptive and causal research design. Primary data are main sources for the survey. The questionnaire survey was applied for collecting primary data. This study targeted the college level students as a sample unit. Two hundred respondents were selected from Kathmandu valley using a convenience sample. Mainly, independent t-test and regression have been adopted to analyze the data. It investigated that purchase decision was positively impacted by product design but gender has no impact on product design for choice of laptop.

Typealike

We propose a style of hand postures to trigger commands on a laptop. The key idea is to perform hand-postures while keeping the hands on, beside, or below the keyboard, to align with natural laptop usage. 36 hand-posture variations are explored considering three resting locations, left or right hand, open or closed hand, and three wrist rotation angles. A 30-participant formative study measures posture preferences and generates a dataset of nearly 350K images under different lighting conditions and backgrounds. A deep learning recognizer achieves over 97% accuracy when classifying all 36 postures with 2 additional non-posture classes for typing and non-typing. A second experiment with 20 participants validates the recognizer under real-time usage and compares posture invocation time with keyboard shortcuts. Results find low error rates and fast formation time, indicating postures are close to current typing and pointing postures. Finally, practical use case demonstrations are presented, and further extensions discussed.

IMPACT OF INCREASED USAGE OF ELECTRONIC GADGETS ON VISION, SLEEP, HEARING AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS DURING COVID-19 ERA

BACKGROUND: Electronic gadgets have become an inseparable part of our life. During the COVID-19 era there has been a tremendous increase in the use of these electronic gadgets for learning and communication. These gadgets are also known to cause harmful effects to our health. Hence there is a need to promote cautious and informed use of these gadgets. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of increased usage of electronic gadgets on vision, sleep, hearing and emotional aspects during COVID-19 era. Materials and Methods: A pre-validated questionnaire was to send to 300 medical students across Kerala and the received responses were statistically analyzed. RESULT: A tremendous increase in the usage of the electronical gadgets such as smart phones, tablets, television, laptops and desktops was observed. The study showed an increase in the use of headphones along with laptops. Increased usage of tablets was seen to affect sleep quality. CONCLUSION: During COVID-19 era the usage of smart phones, tablets, television, laptops and desktops has increased and it was also associated with negative impact on health of medical students in Kerala

Configuration Laptop Usage During Online Class: Effects on Posture and Discomfort Using the REBA Method

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, and one of the government's actions in the education sector to prevent transmission through online class activities or online classrooms has been adopted. During the pandemic, it was discovered that using computers with improper or non-ergonomic body postures during online classes might cause muscular fatigue and raise the incidence of musculoskeletal problems. Using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, this study seeks to detect musculoskeletal complaints and assess the posture of UMM students when using a laptop. Because online learning lasts more than 2 hours, posture that is not in accordance with the comfort of using a laptop can lead a person to exhaust more rapidly in front of a laptop for a relatively long period, especially in the upper neck, back, and waist, which stand for 80% of the body parts. This is supported by the study of respondents using a questionnaire distribution technique that provided a REBA score of 7 and a moderate risk level, indicating that remedial action is required. After a recommended improvement with a low risk level for MSDs, a REBA score of 3 was established. Suggestions that can be considered are that it is necessary to improve sitting work posture, it is recommended to work on a table and sit in a reclining chair so that the proposed work posture improvement can be carried out.

Effects of Laptop use on Wrist in Students and Teachers of Different Universities during Covid-19

The wrist is an ellipsoidal type (condyloid) of articulation synovial is permitting movements at two axes. The anatomical name of the joint is the radio-carpal joint [1-5].It presents a sinuous opposing. The concave proximal articular surface is formed by the lower end of the radius and the articular disc of the inferior radio-ulnar joint. The reciprocally convex distal articular surface is formed by the scaphoid, lunate and triquetral bones from lateral to the medial side. The joint capsule surrounds the wrist and is attached to the distal ends of the radius and ulna and proximal rows of carpals excluding the pisiform. Strong ligaments strengthen and stabilize the joint from the sides, and on the ventral and dorsal surfaces. Repeated episodes of mechanical stress can cause the event of repetitive motion injuries or overuse injuries, which when including poor posture and biomechanics put much strain on the joints. They usually develop slowly over an extended period of your time. Wrists are one of the foremost common sites of repetitive motion injury. Therefore this research was designed to study the effect of laptop usage among physiotherapists(students and teachers). This study may give awareness to the individual to avoid or minimize the overuse of laptops and therefore the complications by breaking bad habits, practicing recommended/approved posture while using the laptop, and modulating the planning of the keyboards. Due to covid 19 era, the use of laptops and computer has significantly increased among students and teachers of different universities for teaching purposes. Therefore the study was designed to study the impact of laptop use on the wrist in students and Teachers duringcovid 19.Objective: To find the impact of laptop use on the wrist in Physiotherapist during covid 19