Lappa Root Extract Research Articles

Comparing Apoptosis and Necrosis Effects of Arctium Lappa Root Extract and Doxorubicin on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines

Objective:Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and very common malignancy in women worldwide. The efficacy of chemotherapy as an important part of breast cancer treatment is limited due to its side effects. While pharmaceutical companies are looking for better chemicals, research on traditional medicines that generally have fewer side effects is quite interesting. In this study, apoptosis and necrosis effect of Arctium lappa and doxorubicin was compared in MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines.Materials and Methods:MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 10% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin. MTT assay and an annexin V/propidium iodide (AV/PI) kit were used respectively to compare the survival rate and apoptotic effects of different concentrations of doxorubicin and Arctium lappa root extract on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells.Results:Arctium lappa root extract was able to reduce cell viability of the two cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner similar to doxorubicin. Flow cytometry results showed that similar to doxorubicin, Arctium Lappa root extract had a dose and time dependent apoptosis effect on both cell lines. 10µg/mL of Arctium lappa root extract and 5 µM of doxorubicin showed the highest anti-proliferative and apoptosis effect in MCF7 and MDA231 cells.Conclusion:The MCF7 (ER/PR-) and MDA-MB-231 (ER/PR+) cell lines represent two major breast cancer subtypes. The similar anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Arctium lappa root extract and doxorubicin (which is a conventional chemotherapy drug) on two different breast cancer cell lines strongly suggests its anticancer effects and further studies.

Effects of Arctium lappa aqueous extract on lipid profile and hepatic enzyme levels of sucrose-induced metabolic syndrome in female rats

Arctium lappa is known to have antioxidant and antidiabetic effects in traditional medicine. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to study the effects of A. lappa root extract (AE) on lipid profile and hepatic enzyme levels in sucrose-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) in female rats. The study used 40 adult female Wistar rats weighing 150 g-250 g randomly divided into five groups: control, metabolic syndrome (MS), metabolic syndrome+AE at 50,100, 200 mg/kg. MS was induced by administering 50% sucrose in drinking water for 6 weeks. AE was intra-peritoneally administered daily at doses of 50,100, and 200 mg/kg for two sequential weeks at the end of the fourth week in metabolic syndrome rats. Twenty-four hours after the last administration of AE, blood was collected and centrifuged, and then the serum was used for the measurement of lipid profile and hepatic enzyme. Serum glucose, insulin, fasting insulin resistance index, body weight, water intake, lipid profile, and hepatic enzymes were significantly increased although food intake was decreased in MS rats compared to the control rats. The lipids and liver enzymes were reduced by AE extracts in the MS group. This study showed that the A. lappa root aqueous extract exhibits a hypolipidemic activity of hyperlipidemic rats. This activity is practically that of a triple-impact antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective.

Use of Arctium lappa Extract Against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

BackgroundSevere destructive hepatic injuries can be induced by acetaminophen overdose and may lead to acute hepatic failure. ObjectiveTo investigate the ameliorative effects of Arctium lappa root extract on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. MethodsRats were divided into 4 groups: normal control group, Arctium lappa extract group, acetaminophen-injected group, and acetaminophen treated with Arctium lappa extract group. ResultsThe treatment with Arctium lappa extract reduced serum alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the acetaminophen group when compared with the control group. DNA fragments in the acetaminophen-injected group were also significantly increased (P < 0.05). The comet assay revealed increased detaching tail length and DNA concentration during the hepatic toxicity in the acetaminophen group. The malondialdehyde content was inhibited by Arctium lappa treatment (12.97±0.89 nmol/mg) when compared with the acetaminophen-treated-only group (12.97±0.89 nmol/mg). Histopathologic examination revealed that acetaminophen administration produced hepatic cell necrosis, infiltrate of lymphocytes, and vacuolation that were associated with the acetaminophen-treated animal group, but the degree of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was mediated by treatment with Arctium lappa extract. ConclusionsArctium lappa can prevent most of the hepatic tissue damage caused by acetaminophen overdose in rats.

Antiproliferative properties of Saussurea lappa Clarke root extract in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells via intrinsic apoptotic pathway

The dried roots of Saussurea lappa are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of dysentery, nausea, and vomiting, as well as for their antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. In this study, the cytotoxic activities of the ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa root extract (SLRE) on neuroblastoma cells were investigated, wherein the effect of the plant extracts on cancer cells has not been fully clarified. Here, cytotoxicity was examined by cell viability assay, fragmented DNA by DAPI, caspase-3 activity by immunofluorescence staining, and activation of proteins was detected by western blotting. SLRE was demonstrated to reduce human SH-SY5Y and rat B103 neuroblastoma cell viability more effectively than mouse and rat fibroblast cells. However, the SLRE-treated cells exhibited morphological changes including cell rounding, cell shrinkage, neurite retraction, and membrane blebbing, which indicated the initiation of apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cells. Importantly, SLRE-induced cells displayed upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Mcl-1, which suggest the mitochondia-mediated apoptotic pathway. In addition, SLRE activated cleaved caspases-9 and -3, also indicating the intrinsic caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway. Consequently, phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3) protein expression and activity were downregulated by SLRE treatment, suggesting that the growth inhibitory activity of this plant extracts is associated with these pathways. Therefore, the findings from this study demonstrated that the growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of SLRE on SH-SY5Y cells are accomplished through the mitochondria-mediated pathway, and that this natural extract might be useful as an anticancer agent for neuroblastoma treatment.

Saussurea lappa root extract accelerates the reversion of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

Background and aim of work Liver fibrosis is a major health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in Egypt. It is mainly regulated by hepatic stellate cells, which acquire a fibrogenic character in response to oxidant stress and inflammatory cytokines. We tried to test the efficacy of Saussurea lappa ( Sl ) root extract on the reversion of the already established liver fibrosis as this extract was reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Materials and methods A total of 24 albino rats were divided into four groups: negative control group, carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) fibrosis model group, spontaneous resolution group, CCl 4 followed by Sl root extract group. In all rats, serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, liver malonaldehyde and liver reduced glutathione were measured. Histopathological assessment were carried out through haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), sirius red staining and α-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemical staining with evaluation of the fibrosis grade and percentage of the area occupied by collagen fibres. Results Administration of Sl root extract for 4 weeks, after 8 weeks of CCl 4 injection, caused a significant decrease in CCl 4 -induced rise in plasma levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, liver malonaldehyde and the percentage of collagen area and an increase in liver glutathione with almost preserved liver architecture, less inflammatory infiltration, less collagen deposition, fewer thinner septa, less bridging fibrosis and less positive reaction for α-smooth muscle actin as compared with the spontaneous resolution group. Conclusion These data indicate that Sl root extract can accelerate matrix degradation and reversion from liver fibrosis induced by CCl 4 in rats. This might be through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and through inhibition of the activated hepatic stellate cells or probably inducing their apoptosis.

우엉발효추출물을 이용한 생활악취물질 제거효율 조사

Increasing public concerns over odors and air regulations necessitates the remediation of a wide range of odor substances for industrial and indoor purpose. Currently, the wet scrubbing technique by neutralization using oils is being used to treat odor substances such as Ammonia(<TEX>$NH_3$</TEX>), Methyl Mercaptan(<TEX>$CH_3SH$</TEX>), Hydrogen Sulfide(<TEX>$H_2S$</TEX>), Methylamine(<TEX>$CH_3NH_2$</TEX>), Acetaldehyde(<TEX>$CH_3CHO$</TEX>). The chemical analysis is performed to analyze the composition of an Arctium Lappa Root extract by VOC analyzer(Phocheck 5000Ex, ION SCIENCE co.) The objectives of the this study are to clarify the possibility of the neutralization of odors sprayed in the fixed bed and determine the removal efficiencies for different input odor concentrations. It is found that Ammonia(<TEX>$NH_3$</TEX>), Methyl Mercaptan(<TEX>$CH_3SH$</TEX>), Hydrogen Sulfide(<TEX>$H_2S$</TEX>), Methylamine(<TEX>$CH_3NH_2$</TEX>), Acetaldehyde(<TEX>$CH_3CHO$</TEX>) are significantly removed and their removal efficiencies are higher than 98%. The kitchen detergent with Arctium Lappa Root extract showed excellent removal efficiencies of odor substances and high possibility for the development of kitchen detergent with odor removal.

UPLC/MS/MS method for quantification and cytotoxic activity of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Saussurea lappa

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSaussurea lappa (Asteraceae) roots have been reputed for the usage in traditional medicinal systems of India, China and Japan for the treatment of various kinds of disorders such as anti-ulcer, anti-convulsant, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-arthritic and anti-viral activities. Materials and methodsCompounds were isolated using a column chromatographic technique. The root extract, fractions and isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against A549 (human lung carcinoma) and C-6 (rat glioma) cells using the Sulphorhodamine B assay. Chromatographic separations of active sesquiterpene lactones were accomplished on BEH-HSS-T3 column at 25°C. ResultsPhytochemical investigation of Saussurea lappa root extract resulted in the isolation of isoalantolactone (1), β-cyclocostunolide (2) α-cyclocostunolide (3), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamyl-9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), sucrose (5), and alantolactone (6). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means. Ethanolic extract, chloroform fraction, compounds 1, 2, 3 and 6 possessed significant activity against both tested cells. The quantification was performed using the transitions of m/z 233/105 for isoalantolactone and m/z 233/105 for alantolactone respectively. Costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were also characterised by comparison of MS/MS fragmentation pattern. ConclusionsThis is the first study on simultaneous quantification of isoalantolactone and alantolactone by the UPLC/MS/MS method in Saussurea lappa. Our study against A549 and C-6 cells showed higher cytotoxicity. It is suggested that roots of Saussurea lappa might be a potential source of anticancer compounds.

Antioxidative and in vitro antiproliferative activity of Arctium lappa root extracts

BackgroundArctium lappa, known as burdock, is widely used in popular medicine for hypertension, gout, hepatitis and other inflammatory disorders. Pharmacological studies indicated that burdock roots have hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging and antiproliferative activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate total phenolic content, radical scavenging activity by DPPH and in vitro antiproliferative activity of different A. lappa root extracts.MethodsHot and room temperature dichloromethanic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts; hydroethanolic and total aqueous extract of A. lappa roots were investigated regarding radical scavenging activity by DPPH, total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteau method and antiproliferative in vitro activity was evaluated in human cancer cell lines. The hydroethanolic extract analyzed by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy.ResultsHigher radical scavenging activity was found for the hydroethanolic extract. The higher phenolic contents were found for the dichloromethane, obtained both by Soxhlet and maceration extraction and hydroethanolic extracts. The HRESI-MS demonstrated the presence of arctigenin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid compounds, which were identified by comparison with previous data. The dichloromethane extracts were the only extracts that exhibited activity against cancer cell lines, especially for K562, MCF-7 and 786-0 cell lines.ConclusionsThe hydroethanolic extracts exhibited the strongest free radical scavenging activity, while the highest phenolic content was observed in Soxhlet extraction. Moreover, the dichloromethanic extracts showed selective antiproliferative activity against K562, MCF-7 and 786-0 human cancer cell lines.