Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery Research Articles

V10-06 ROBOTIZED 3D LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR RIGHT RENAL MIDPOLE MASS LESION

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022V10-06 ROBOTIZED 3D LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR RIGHT RENAL MIDPOLE MASS LESION Krishna mohan Ramaswami, Pankaj Bhirud, and Harigovind Podiyedath Krishna mohan RamaswamiKrishna mohan Ramaswami More articles by this author , Pankaj BhirudPankaj Bhirud More articles by this author , and Harigovind PodiyedathHarigovind Podiyedath More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002623.06AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: For the treatment of renal tumors, minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery has become increasingly performed due to proven efficiency and excellent functional and oncological outcomes. The introduction of robotics into urologic laparoscopic surgery has allowed surgeons to perform challenging procedures in a reliable and reproducible manner. We present our surgical technique using Robotized 3 dimension laparoscopic approach for nephron sparing surgery.Oncological principle, organ preservation and maximum comfort to the surgeon while doing this complicated surgery which involves precise excision of mass and reconstruction was the aim. METHODS: Forty two years old male patient presented with incidentally detected Right renal mass lesion. He was evaluated with contrast enhanced CT scan of abdomen and found to have right renal midpole mass lesion, features suggestive of renal cell carcinoma. Patient was planned for robotized 3D laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Four ports transperitoneal approach was made. Right kidney was exposed. Gerota’s fascia was opened and all perinephric fat was removed exposing the parenchyma preserving the fat over tumor site. Renal artery was secured with vascular loop. Partial nephrectomy was done ensuring gross tumor free margin status with robotized scissors. The 360 degree rotation and various angular movement of scissors which was controlled from switches in ergonomic robotic handle which was hassle free and precise. Renorrhapy done with V-LOC continuous suture using Robotized needle holder with same features of scissors gave a perfect renorrhaphy and pressure maintenance by haemolock clips. No stent was placed. Kidney was covered with perinephric fat. The specimen was kept in the bag and retrieved out after extending the port incision. Peritoneal toileting done and drain placed. RESULTS: Operative time was 68minutes and ischemic time was 24 minutes. Blood loss was minimal. Oral intake was started on post operative day 1 and hospital stay was 4 days. There were no intraoperative and postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Robotized 3 Dimension laparoscopy is feasible at an affordable cost with good oncological outcome, nephron preservation with maximum comfort to the surgeon and minimal morbidity to patient. Robotized laparoscopic suturing is faster compared to conventional methods allowing least ischemic time. Source of Funding: Self © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e850 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Krishna mohan Ramaswami More articles by this author Pankaj Bhirud More articles by this author Harigovind Podiyedath More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with intraoperative administration of indocyanine green for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Is it a useful weapon for pelvic lymph node dissection?

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green has emerging applications in urologic surgery. This technology is strongly used in robotic surgery for several ablative and reconstructive procedures. On the contrary, it is not used at all in the urological laparoscopic surgery. To date, bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection represents the most accurate and reliable staging procedure for the detection of lymph node invasion in prostate cancer and bladder cancer. However, it is not devoid of complications. In this field, indocyanine green fluorescence-guided sentinel lymph node identification is an emerging technique, as accurate staging of urologic cancer could be enhanced by an intraoperative lymphatic mapping. Our goal was to show a high spatial resolution, real-time intraoperative imaging technique to recognize the main lymphatic drainage networks, avoiding at same time lymphatic vessel damage. Furthermore, the use of such an imaging system represents an absolute novelty in the field of urological laparoscopy.

A0014 - Intraoperative monitoring of tissue ischemia by fluorescence lifetime optical probe for laparoscopic urological surgery

A0014 - Intraoperative monitoring of tissue ischemia by fluorescence lifetime optical probe for laparoscopic urological surgery

The Use of Peripheral Nerve Blockade in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery: Is There a Benefit?

The purpose of this review is to synthesize recent literature investigating the use of regional anesthesia for minimally invasive surgery. Recent studies investigating the use of newer peripheral nerve blocks such as erector spinae plane (ESP) and quadratus lumborum (QL) block are very limited. Evidence supporting the use of peripheral nerve blockade in laparoscopic or robotic surgery is very limited and of low-moderate quality. While transverse abdominal plane (TAP) block may decrease opioid and pain scores after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bariatric surgery, and colorectal surgery, the benefit of the block in the presence of multimodal analgesia remains to be clarified. Unilateral paravertebral block may be beneficial for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. ESP and rectus sheath blockade may enhance analgesia in laparoscopic surgery, but the magnitude of this benefit may not be clinically relevant. Limited evidence supports the use of QL block in laparoscopic urologic surgery. There is insufficient recent evidence to support the use of TAP or QL block for laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.

Nursing Intervention Countermeasures of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Urological Surgery Complications.

The objective is to explore the application effect of comprehensive nursing intervention in prevention of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in urological patients undergoing laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. From April 2019 to April 2020, 200 patients who received urological laparoscopic surgery and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group and observation group, 100 cases in control group and 100 cases in observation group. Patients in control group received routine nursing, while patients in observation group received comprehensive nursing intervention. The skin condition, swelling, pain, and occurrence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism of lower extremities in 2 groups were observed. The experimental results showed that the lower limb swelling, lower limb pain, and lower limb deep vein thrombosis in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group, but all patients were cured and discharged after taking effective symptomatic treatment and nursing measures in time. In the control group, pulmonary embolism occurred in 3 patients, all of whom died. There was no significant difference in skin changes of lower limbs (P > 0.05), and there were significant differences in other skin changes (P < 0.05). It proved that comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively prevent the formation of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in urological patients undergoing laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery with high-risk factors.

Application of Dexmedetomidine combined with Propofol Intravenous Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Day Surgery in Pediatric Urology.

ABSTRACTObjectives:To evaluate the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol intravenous anesthesia in laparoscopic day surgery in pediatric urology.Methods:Eighty male children with cryptorchidism and hydrocele who underwent laparoscopic daytime surgery in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Children in the experimental group ranged in age from 5.7 to 11.3, with an average of 8.52±2.17 years old, while those in the control group ranged in age from 5.3 to 12.0, with an average of 8.60±2.07 years old. There were 12 cases of cryptorchidism and 28 cases of hydrocele in the experimental group, and 14 cases of cryptorchidism and 26 cases of hydrocele in the control group. Children in the control group received conventional propofol intravenous combined anesthesia, while those in the experimental group were given dexmedetomidine (2-5 ug/kg) intranasally on the basis of conventional propofol intravenous anesthesia. The anesthetic effect, analgesic effect, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines before and after surgery and adverse drug reactions in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:The awakening time, extubation time and retention time in the resuscitation room of the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05); The VAS pain scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 15minutes, 12hour and 24hour after awakening, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, the levels of TNF-a, CRP, IL-6 and other inflammatory factors in the control group were significantly higher compared with those in the experimental group 24h after surgery, with a statistical significance (TNF-a, P=0.02; CRP, P=0.00; IL-6, P=0.03); The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the experimental group was 17.5%, while that in the control group was 12.5%, which was not statistically significant (P=0.53).Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine combined with intravenous propofol anesthesia may be helpful to shorten the extubation time, the recovery time and the stay time in the anesthesia resuscative room, improve the analgesic effect, and may reduce the inflammatory response and the expression of serum inflammatory cytokines, with no significant increase in side effects.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic urologic surgery in infants weighing ≤10 kg: A weight stratified analysis

Robot-assisted laparoscopic (RAL) urologic surgery is widely used in pediatric patients, though less commonly in infants. There are small series demonstrating safety and efficacy in infants, however, stratification by infant size has rarely been reported. Whether a cut-off weight, below which RAL surgery is not technically feasible, safe, or efficacious has not be determined. To assess safety and efficacy of RAL urologic procedures in infants <1 year of age, weighing ≤10kg. A single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients <1 year of age, and ≤10kg undergoing RAL pyeloplasty (RALP) or RAL ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy (RALUU) between January 2011 and September 2020 was performed. Demographic, operative, and post-operative data were extracted from the medical record. Patients were stratified by post-hoc weight quartiles. Outcomes, including operative time, total OR time, estimated blood loss (EBL), post-operative length of stay (LOS), post-operative radiographic improvement, and 30-day complications were assessed by weight quartile for each procedure. The Kruskal-Wallis rank test was used to assess differences in continuous outcomes between weight quartiles and Pearson's Chi-squared test was used for categorical outcomes. Of 696 RAL urologic surgeries performed, 101 met eligibility criteria. Median (IQR) age of patients was 7.2 (6.0-9.2) months with median weight of 8.0 (7.2-8.9) kg. The lowest weight was 5.5kg. Procedures performed included 79 RALPs (78.2%), 22 RALUUs (21.8%). We identified 97 patients (94%) with post-operative imaging, with radiographic improvement in 92%. When stratified by weight quartile, there was no difference between groups in median operative time, total OR time, LOS, EBL, or post-operative radiographic improvement for both RALP and RALUU. Post-operative complications were assessed based on Clavien-Dindo classification with the majority of complications (9/12, 75%) in the >50th percentile weight groups. To our knowledge, this is the largest published series of infant RAL urologic procedures, with similar rates of radiographic improvement and post-operative complications to prior published series. There are few prior series of RALP and RALUU in infants ≤10kg, and we show comparable outcomes regardless of patient weight. Our study is limited by the inherent biases of retrospective studies. RAL urologic surgery is technically feasible, safe, and efficacious in infants ≤10kg, without worse outcomes as weight decrease. A cut-off weight, below which RAL surgery should not be performed has yet to be identified.

Patient Safety in the Operating Room During Urologic Surgery: The OR Black Box Experience.

To mitigate intraoperative adverse events, it is important to understand the context in which these errors occur. The purpose of this study is to characterize the IAEs and potential distractions that occur in minimally invasive urologic procedures. We conducted a prospective cohort study in patients undergoing laparoscopic urologic surgery at an academic health center. The OR Black Box, a unique technology system which captures video and audio recordings of the operating room as well as the operative field, was used to collect data regarding procedure type, critical step, IAEs, and distractions. Of a total of 80 cases analyzed, themajority of these cases were partial nephrectomy (n = 36; 45%), radical nephrectomy (n = 20; 25%), and adrenalectomy (n = 4; 5%). Across all cases, there were a total of 138 clinically significant IAEs, 10 of which (14%) were of the highest severity (five on the SEVerity of intraoperative Events and Rectification Tool (SEVERE) matrix). Of these, 70 (51%) occurred during an a priori defined critical step of the operation. Distractions were common across all cases. The median rate of external communication per case was 16 events (IQR 11-22); and per critical step was 4 (IQR 2.75-8), while median room traffic per case was 65 entries/exits (IQR 42-76); and per critical step was 17 (IQR 10-65). Our data demonstrate that IAEs occur frequently during all phases of the operation at hand. Future study will be required to examine the role of distractions and IAE as well as IAE and their relationship to post-operative clinical outcomes.

Short-Periods of Pre-Warming in Laparoscopic Surgery. A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Current Clinical Practice.

Background: Pre-warming prevents perioperative hypothermia. We evaluated the current clinical practice of pre-warming and its effects on temperature drop and postoperative complications; Methods: This prospective, observational pilot study examines clinical practice in a tertiary hospital on 99 patients undergoing laparoscopic urological surgery. Pre-warming was performed in the pre-anesthesia room. Patients were classified into three groups: P 0 (non-prewarmed), P 5–15 (pre-warming 5–15 min) and P > 15 (pre-warming 15–30 min). Tympanic temperature was recorded in the pre-anesthesia room, prior to anesthesia induction, and in the PACU. Esophageal temperature was recorded intraoperatively. The occurrence of shivering, pain intensity, length of stay in PACU, and postoperative complications during hospital stay were also recorded; Results: After pre-warming, between-group difference in body temperature was higher in P > 15 than in P 0 (0.4 °C, 95% CI 0.14–0.69, p = 0.004). Between P 5–15 and P 0 difference was 0.2 °C (95% CI 0.04–0.55, p = 0.093). Temperature at the end of surgery was higher in pre-warmed groups [mean between-group difference 0.5 °C (95% CI 0.13–0.81, p = 0.007) for P 5–15; 0.9 °C (95% CI 0.55–1.19, p < 0.001) for P > 15]. Pain and shivering was less common in pre-warmed groups. Postoperative transfusions and surgical site infections were lower in P > 15; Conclusion: Short-term pre-warming prior to laparoscopic urological surgery decreased temperature perioperative drop and postoperative complications.

Role of laparoscopy in the era of robotic surgery in urology in developing countries.

With the rapid expansion of robotic platforms in urology, there is an urgent and unmet need to review its cost and benefits in comparison to the traditional laparoscopy, especially in reference to a developing country. A nonsystematic review of the literature was conducted to compare the outcomes of pure laparoscopic and robot-assisted urologic procedures. Available literature over the past 30 years was reviewed. Robot-assisted surgery and laparoscopy were found to have similar outcomes in the areas of radical prostatectomy, partial and radical nephrectomy, radical cystectomy, retroperitoneal lymph node (LN) dissection, inguinal LN dissection, donor nephrectomy, and kidney transplantation. Robot-assisted surgery was found to be significantly costlier than pure laparoscopy. In the absence of a clear advantage of robot-assisted surgery over pure laparoscopy, lack of widespread availability and the currently prohibitive cost of robotic technology, laparoscopic urological surgery has a definite role in the developing world.

Application of ERAS Concept Combined with Psychological Stress Intervention in Laparoscopic Urological Surgery Nursing

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), a series of evidence-based optimization measures during the perioperative period, to reduce patients’ physical and psychological traumatic stress responses, to reduce complications, to shorten the length of hospital stay, to reduce the risk of readmission and mortality, and ultimately to promote rapid patient resuscitation, is adopted. The negative emotional experience of patients may aggravate the surgical stress response, interfere with the endocrine system and nervous system, cause the imbalance of internal environment, and have a negative impact on the surgical effect. This paper uses the concept of ERAS in combination with psychological stress interventions, perioperative psychological nursing instruction, reduces the laparoscopic surgery in patients with psychological stress reaction on the immune function of cells, improves the body’s immune function, improves the body of bacteria such as vitamin attack resistance, reduces the risk of complications such as infection, and accelerates the process of patient rehabilitation. Here is the report.

Robotic surgical systems in urology: What is currently available?

Robotic assistance in laparoscopic surgery was introduced at the turn of this millennium, marking a milestone in the history of surgery. Urologists were early adopters of robotic technology and the indications of robot-assisted surgery in urology are expanding. Over the last 20 years, the da Vinci surgical system was the dominant system in the robotic surgical market. However, the recent expiration of Intuitive patents has allowed new systems to enter the market more freely. We performed a nonsystematic literature review using the PubMed/MEDLINE search engines. The aim of this review was to briefly summarize the currently available robotic surgical systems for laparoscopic urologic surgery. New surgical devices have already been launched in the robotic market and the da Vinci systems have some competition. The innovation of robotic technology is continuing, and new features such as an open-console design, haptic feedback, smaller instruments, and separately mounted robotic arms have been introduced. A new robotic era is rising, and new systems and technologies enhancing patient care are welcomed.

Laparoscopic Urological Surgery: Our Initial Experiences

Introduction and Objective: Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly exercised in urology due to improvements in technical capabilities and experience. It comes with many advantages compared to open surgery such as lesser degree of pain and haemorrhage, shorter hospital stay and better cosmetic results. This study is carried out to evaluate the outcomes and complications of urological laparoscopic surgery cases performed Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study of total 29 patients, who received laparoscopic surgery of different kinds between January 2017 and September 2019 for urological causes with a minimum one month follow-up. Included patients were assessed in terms of demographic characteristics, preoperative diagnosis, type of laparoscopic approach, duration of surgery and hospitalization, complications after surgery and need for conversion to open surgery. Results: The mean age was 45.03 years where 12 patients were women and 17 were male. All patients underwent trans-peritoneal procedures where2 patients received renal cyst excision, 4 simple nephrectomy, 5 ureterolithotomy, 9 radical nephrectomy, 1 radical cystectomy, 2 adrenalectomy, 3 pyelolithotomy and 3 pyeloplasty. Three of the 29 patients required conversion to open surgery. Except these patients, no major complication or mortality was encountered. The mean duration of surgery for the most commonly applied procedures were as follows: renal cyst excision 87.5 (70-105) min, simple nephrectomy 141.25 (120-170) min, ureterolithotomy 120 (100-140) min, radical nephrectomy 215.56 (180-260) min, pyelolithotomy 120 (100-140) min, and pyeloplasty 156.67 (130-190) min. The mean hospital stay was 4.59±1.7 (2-8) days. Conclusions: The success and complications rate of the laparoscopic urological surgeries performed in our hospital were consistent with those reported in the literature. In the light of technological advances and increasing experience, we believe that laparoscopic surgery is an effective technique with excellent outcome along with a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery in the field of urology. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2020 p.17-23

Comparative Study of the Influence of Three-Dimensional Versus Two-Dimensional Urological Laparoscopy on Surgeons' Surgical Performance and Ergonomics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the use of three-dimensional (3D) vision systems with traditional two-dimensional systems in laparoscopic urological surgery, analyzing the benefits, limitations, and impact of introducing this medical technology with regard to surgical performance and the surgeon's ergonomics. Methods: A systematic review with a structured bibliographic search was conducted in the electronic libraries (PubMed and EMBASE) until August 2019 and with no language restrictions. Studies on 3D visualization technology in laparoscopic urologic surgery, randomized controlled trials, and observational comparative studies were included. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed. Results: A total of 25 articles were obtained, of which 4 were clinical studies with patients, 2 studies were carried out in experimental animal models, and the remaining 19 were conducted in simulated environments. Regarding the European training program in basic laparoscopic urological skills, the results showed no significant differences in execution time using either imaging system. Three-dimensional vision led to a significant reduction in surgery time in pyeloplasty and radical nephrectomy. In addition, there was a reported decrease in blood loss in adrenalectomy, nephron-sparing nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, simple nephrectomy, and pyeloplasty using 3D vision. Regarding ergonomics, the studies generally described no differences in side effects (headache, nausea, eye strain) when comparing the two types of visualization systems. Surgeons reported reduced workloads and stress with 3D vision than with traditional laparoscopy. Conclusions: Three-dimensional laparoscopic systems essentially advance surgical performance in less-experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Three-dimensional laparoscopy leads to improvements in surgery time, which is important for specific surgical procedures involving intracorporeal ligatures and sutures. The results achieved on the surgeons' ergonomics showed better depth perception and decreased stress and workloads during 3D vision with no differences in potential side effects.

Management of major vascular injury in laparoscopic urology

ObjectiveDuring the past three decades, laparoscopy has played a significant role in the management of urological disorders. This study aims to standardize the management of major vascular injury, which is a life-threatening complication in the laparoscopic urological procedures. MethodsA total of 8210 patients with the urological disorder, who underwent laparoscopic surgery at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital from January 2000 to December 2018, were included in this retrospective study. Patients’ data of the laparoscopic major vascular injury were collected and analyzed, and the basic principles of the procedure were summarized. ResultsA total of 15 (0.18%) cases of major vascular injury were found among the 8210 patients, and 2 of them were converted to open surgery. Although the type of laparoscopic surgery, causes, and management of major vascular injury among the patients were diverse, the main management strategies of major vascular injury in laparoscopic surgery were to keep the vision clear, control bleeding rapidly by clamping and compression, make full preparation for possibly needed liquid resuscitation, and try best to repair under laparoscope. If necessary, converse to open surgery. ConclusionAlthough the reported incidence of major vascular injury in laparoscopic urological surgery is extremely low, such injury can result in high morbidity and mortality. It is important to rapidly identify the cause and strictly follow the standardized management for better outcomes.

The effects of laparoscopic urologic surgery on cardiac functions: A pulse wave velocity study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of laparoscopic urologic surgery on cardiac functions by the parameter pulse wave velocity (PWV), a noninvasive method. Between July 2012 and February 2013, a total of 47 patients were included in this prospective controlled study. Patients who have been scheduled for laparoscopic surgery (LS) (n=30) and open surgery (n=17) were enrolled in the study. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative cardiovascular parameters were measured by a PWV instrument, and the results were compared between laparoscopic (L) group and open (C) group. In the L group, compared to preoperative values, perioperative systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, and mean arterial pressure increased considerably, by 2.6%, 7.9%, and 4.7%, respectively. This was in contrary to reductions in these parameters by 9.5%, 5.7%, and 10%, respectively, in the C group. For the L group, cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI) were increased in the perioperative period and decreased in the postoperative period. For the C group, there were no changes in measurements of perioperative and postoperative CO and CI. However, these changes in CO and CI were not significantly different between the L and C groups. Postoperative large artery elasticity index decreased in both groups. However, these changes did not represent significant difference between groups. Compared to open surgery, LS may cause increases in perioperative blood pressures. In addition, increased blood pressures may last even on the first postoperative day. These effects may be more important for patients with high cardiovascular risk.

Evidence and Recommendations Regarding Urologic Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Surgery in times of COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic and has created an impact like no other on health systems worldwide. A restructuring in the priority of patient care has currently taken place that is based on the patient’s underlying pathology. Urology services are no exception, postponing all the elective surgeries that can be delayed without putting the patient at risk.&#x0D; A surgical protocol has been adopted during the pandemic that attempts to reduce the amount of time the operating room is in use, as well as the risk for postoperative complications, so that hospital stay can be reduced. In such a setting, minimally invasive surgery, such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery, can play a beneficial role in treating oncologic pathologies that cannot be deferred.&#x0D; Based on the best evidence that has currently been published and the guidelines of international associations, this paper summarizes the recommendations regarding urologic laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery in times of COVID-19.

Evidencia y recomendaciones en cirugía urológica laparoscópica y robótica en tiempos de COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic and has created an impact like no other on health systems worldwide. A restructuring in the priority of patient care has currently taken place that is based on the patient’s underlying pathology. Urology services are no exception, postponing all the elective surgeries that can be delayed without putting the patient at risk.&#x0D; A surgical protocol has been adopted during the pandemic that attempts to reduce the amount of time the operating room is in use, as well as the risk for postoperative complications, so that hospital stay can be reduced. In such a setting, minimally invasive surgery, such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery, can play a beneficial role in treating oncologic pathologies that cannot be deferred.&#x0D; Based on the best evidence that has currently been published and the guidelines of international associations, this paper summarizes the recommendations regarding urologic laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery in times of COVID-19.

25th Anniversary of First Urological Laparoscopic Surgeries in Croatia

The first urological laparoscopic surgeries in Croatia were performed 25 years ago, and the results and video footage of those were shown at the 1st Croatian Congress of Urology in Zagreb, that took place in the Congress Centre of the “Vatroslav Lisinski” hall, from the 26th to the 28th October 1995.

The effect of Nursing Intervention Protocol About Laparoscopic Urological Surgery on Nurse’s Performance and Patient Outcome

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that allows for visualization of the abdominal cavity through a small incision. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nursing Intervention Protocol about laparoscopic urological surgery on nurse‟s Performance and Patient outcome. Research design: A Quasi experimental research design was used to conduct this study. Setting: The study was carried out at urological operating room in urology and nephrology hospital. Sample: All available nurses (17) and 60 patients were included in this study. Tools of data collection were nurse‟s knowledge assessment questionnaire method, nurse's practice observational checklist, and Patient assessment sheet. Results: A positive correlation between nurses‟ knowledge and practice regarding urologic abdominal laparoscopic surgery. There was a statistically significant difference between both times of follow-up regarding incidence of complications. Conclusion: The nurse‟s knowledge and performance about laparoscopic surgery were limited. Recommendations: Improve level of professional nurses „performance through attending scientific meetings, conferences and well-structured training programs should be offered to the nurses for maintain high-quality of care.