Personal Laptops Research Articles

Students' readiness in online learning (A Case study in higher Education)

The Covid-19 pandemic has a very complex impact on modern human life. Referring to this phenomenon, we found a problem, namely the students’ readiness. We examine this problem from 2 dimensions, (1) are the infrastructure owned by students adequate? and (2) whether students can focus and concentrate in online learning. The current research under qualitative case study, where interview and observation were used in collecting the data. The results of the study show that (1) it's pretty good, almost all students have adequate infrastructure such a phone-cell (65%), and also personal computer (11%) and laptop (24%); (2) Overall students have been able to receive lessons in online learning. However, there are obstacles in the interaction of students with teachers, especially for students with high anxiety. Further study that focused on the reason of students’ anxiety is need to conducted to get a whole understanding of students’ readiness.

Practical randomness amplification and privatisation with implementations on quantum computers

We present an end-to-end and practical randomness amplification and privatisation protocol based on Bell tests. This allows the building of device-independent random number generators which output (near-)perfectly unbiased and private numbers, even if using an uncharacterised quantum device potentially built by an adversary. Our generation rates are linear in the repetition rate of the quantum device and the classical randomness post-processing has quasi-linear complexity – making it efficient on a standard personal laptop. The statistical analysis is also tailored for real-world quantum devices. Our protocol is then showcased on several different quantum computers. Although not purposely built for the task, we show that quantum computers can run faithful Bell tests by adding minimal assumptions. In this semi-device-independent manner, our protocol generates (near-)perfectly unbiased and private random numbers on today's quantum computers.

Efficiency of the Use of Computer Memories and Execution Time in Structural Analysis

The use of computer programming provides accurate and speedy analyses of structural systems. The accuracy<br />and the speed of the analysis are due to the novelty of the computer, i.e., the speed in storing and retrieving large size<br />of data, and the speed and the accuracy in the numerical computation. However, in old days, due to the limited<br />storage capacities of old generations of the computers, and the use of limited main frame computers, used by so<br />many parties, the efficient use of computer memory became an important issue. Moreover, the use of rented base of<br />computer time necessitated the efficient use of computer run time. The paper discusses the efforts to efficiently use<br />the computer memory and computer run times. These issues seem to remain important issues, even though to date,<br />the tendency is to use of personal computers and laptops instead the use of rented main frame computers.

Eulerian vs Lagrangian Method for Low Computational Resources: A Comparison of 2D Dam Break Case

It is well known that computational fluid dynamics has been challenging for low-computational-resourced students and researchers. In this study, we performed a 2D dam break simulation by Eulerian approach-finite volume method of OpenFOAM and Lagrangian approach-finite volume particle method (FVP) in a low-specification personal computer. We compared those approaches’ results qualitatively and quantitatively against experimental data and measured their simulation time for 6 different grid sizes. We compared the visualization results and their pressure and velocity using ParaView and VisIt. At the same time, a quantitative comparison was made by determining the waterfront position each time using the Tracker video analyzer. It was found that OpenFOAM resulted in better visualization results, lower error by 28 - 68 %, and more reasonable pressure and velocity profiles. It can also simulate smaller grid sizes and 10 to 200 times faster than FVP, but it can’t produce the air-liquid interface’s sharpness as good as FVP. Thus, to simulate cases where interfaces are not important, Eulerian-based OpenFOAM is best suited to perform in a low-specification computer. HIGHLIGHTS One of the main challenge in CFD is that it needs a huge computational resources to get optimum results. For students or researchers with limited computational resources, which approaches can they used? Two approaches in CFD: Eulerian and Lagrangian methods-represented by OpenFOAM and Finite Volume Particle Method (FVP)-were performed in a personal laptop to simulate 2D dam break problem and their results are compared with the experimental data Qualitative and quantitative comparison shows that OpenFOAM is well suited for low computational resources users. However, FVP method has an advantage in terms of capturing the interface of the two phases involved in simulation. Thus, for phase-change phenomena where interface is important, it is strongly recommended to use FVP-though one might need a more sophisticated resources than a personal laptop GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Utilizing remote access for electronic medical records reduces overall electronic medical record time for vascular surgery residents

ObjectiveSurvey data suggests that surgical residents spend 20% to 30% of training time using the electronic medical record (EMR), raising concerns about burnout and insufficient operative experience. We characterize trainee EMR activity in the vascular surgery service of a quaternary care center to identify modifiable factors associated with high EMR use. MethodsResident activity while on the vascular surgery service was queried from the EMR. Weekends and holidays were excluded to focus on typical staffing periods. Variables including daily time spent, post-graduate year (PGY), remote access via mobile device or personal laptop, and patient census including operative caseload were extracted. Univariate analysis was performed with t tests and χ2 tests where appropriate. We then fit a linear mixed-effects model with normalized daily EMR time as the outcome variable, random slopes for resident and patient census, and fixed effects of PGY level, academic year, and fractional time spent using remote access. ResultsEMR activity for 53 residents from July 2015 to June 2019 was included. The mean daily EMR usage was 1.6 hours, ranging from 3.6 hours per day in PGY1 residents to 1.1 hours in PGY4 to 5 residents. Across all PGYs, the most time-consuming EMR activities were chart review (43.0%-46.6%) and notes review (22.4%-27.0%). In the linear mixed-effects model, increased patient census was associated with increased daily EMR usage (Coefficient = 0.61, P-value < .001). Resident seniority (Coefficient = −1.2, P-value < .001) and increased remote access (Coefficient = −0.44, P-value < .001) were associated with reduced daily EMR usage. Over the study period, total EMR usage decreased significantly from the 2015/2016 academic year to the 2018/2019 academic year (mean difference, 2.4 hours vs 1.78; P-value < .001). ConclusionsIn an audit of EMR activity logs on a vascular surgery service, mean EMR time was 1.6 hours a day, which is lower than survey estimates. Resident seniority and remote access utilization were associated with reduced time spent on the EMR, independent of patient census. Although increasing EMR accessibility via mobile devices and personal computers have been hypothesized to contribute to poor work-life balance, our study suggests a possible time-saving effect by enabling expedient access for data review, which constitutes the majority of resident EMR activity. Further research in other institutions and specialties is needed for external validation and exploring implications for resident wellness initiatives.

PyScoMotif: discovery of similar 3D structural motifs across proteins.

The fast and accurate detection of similar geometrical arrangements of protein residues, known as 3D structural motifs, is highly relevant for many applications such as binding region and catalytic site detection, drug discovery and structure conservation analyses. With the recent publication of new protein structure prediction methods, the number of available protein structures is exploding, which makes efficient and easy-to-use tools for identifying 3D structural motifs essential. We present an open-source Python package that enables the search for both exact and mutated motifs with position-specific residue substitutions. The tool is efficient, flexible, accurate, and suitable to run both on computer clusters and personal laptops. Two successful applications of pyScoMotif for catalytic site identification are showcased. The pyScoMotif package can be installed from the PyPI repository and is also available at https://github.com/3BioCompBio/pyScoMotif. It is free to use for non-commercial purposes.

PriSign, A Privacy-Preserving Single Sign-On System for Cloud Environments

Anonymous single sign-on systems allow users to use a single credential to access multiple services protected by verifiers without revealing their personal information, which is especially important due to privacy regulations such as GDPR. In this paper, we introduce a new strong privacy-preserving single sign-on scheme, dubbed PriSign, based on our proposed attribute-based credential with traceability (ABCT), attribute-based credential with blindness (ABCB), and threshold inner-product functional encryption (TIPFE). Compared with the existing state-of-the-art solutions, PriSign presents three improvements: (1) users can obtain different types of tickets according to the attribute disclosure policies enforced by the ticket issuer to support fine-grained access control; (2) users can hide access tokens and designate a verifier for tokens according to a verifier’s policy jointly issued by multiple policymakers, meaning that non-designated verifiers cannot obtain any information about the tokens; (3) we innovatively use a threshold approach to issue policy keys online in order for verifiers to achieve proxy re-verification services in an unstable cloud environment. We implement PriSign and compare the performance with other ASSO systems in the personal laptop, and the results prove its practicability.

Eye Strain Detection During Online Learning

The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (Covid-19) has been causing many disruptions among the education systems worldwide, most of them due to the abrupt transition to online learning. The sudden upsurge in digital electronic devices usage, namely personal computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones is unprecedented, which leads to a new wave of both mental and physical health problems among students, for example eye-related illnesses. The overexposure to electronic devices, extended screen time usage and lack of outdoor sunlight have put a consequential strain on the student’s ophthalmic health because of their young age and a relative lack of responsibility on their own health. Failure to take appropriate external measures to mitigate the negative effects of this process could lead to common ophthalmic illnesses such as myopia or more serious conditions. To remedy this situation, we propose a software solution that is able to track and capture images of its users’ eyes to detect symptoms of eye illnesses while simultaneously giving them warnings and even offering treatments. To meet the requirements of a small and light model that is operable on low-end devices without information loss, we optimized the original MobileNetV2 model with depth-wise separable convolutions by altering the parameters in the last layers with an aim to minimize the resizing of the input image and obtained a new model which we call EyeNet. Combined with applying the knowledge distillation technique and ResNet-18 as a teacher model to train the student model, we have successfully increased the accuracy of the EyeNet model up to 87.16% and support the development of a model compatible with embedded systems with limited computing power, accessible to all students.

Digital technology and senior citizens in the city of Osijek: a quantitative study

Purpose. The world population is continuously ageing, and a significant amount of world efforts has already been dedicated to increasing the quality of life of the population in the age-group of 65+. A way to achieve this goal is to introduce older generations to the benefits of digital technology. This paper presents the findings of a study on digital technology adoption and the online information needs of senior citizens in the city of Osijek, Croatia. Methodology. The study was conducted on a sample of 188 participants from September to December 2021. The data was collected by the means of a paper survey distributed to respondents in several locations: a local senior care home, the farmers market, and a non-profit organization. Findings. The respondents in our sample prefer smartphones (49.5%) and personal computers or laptops (27.7%) over tablet computers and smartwatches. The internet is used by almost 70% of the respondents, mostly for purposeful searches for information or communication. E-learning, e-shopping, or e-government applications are used rarely. The study detected significant differences in digital technology use concerning gender, age, life satisfaction and living with a partner. Social implications. In order to support and promote the active ageing of senior citizens in Osijek, a more systematic approach at the level of city administration is needed in order to ensure a better understanding and use of digital technology by this vulnerable demographic group. Originality. The paper presents a valuable contribution to further understanding the ICT adoption, skills and online information behaviour of senior citizens in Osijek, Croatia.

PENERAPAN SI TAMPPAN BERBASIS KINERJA DI DINAS KUKM DAN PERINDAG KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The purpose of this research is to find out the performance-based implementation of Si TAMPPAN at KUKM and Perindag Office Wonogiri. The research is a qualitative descriptive research using a case study approach. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The sampling technique used is purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data validation was obtained by methodological and sources triangulation. The results of the research shows: (1) Performance-based implementation of Si TAMPPAN at KUKM and Perindag Office Wonogiri in the form of: (a) Planning stage which includes: (1) socialization and training; (2) preparation of SKP; and (3) SKP approval; (b) activity uploads; (c) activity journal verification; (d) implementation results; (e) evaluation of information systems. (2) Obstacles in the implementation of Si TAMPPAN include: (a) dissemination of Si TAMPPAN was not maximal; (b) lack of IT mastery; (c) lack of facilities and infrastructure to support the implementation; (d) Si TAMPPAN's server is still having problems. (3) Efforts to overcome obstacles to the implementation of Si TAMPPAN include: (a) Re- dissemination of Si TAMPPAN to civil servants; (b) IT mentoring to civil servants who lack IT skills; (c) use more upgraded mobile phones and personal laptops; (d) make a statement letter and contact the super admin of Si TAMPPAN.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Implementation Of Good Governance Principles To Increase Library Service Capacity In Sungai Kerjan Kelurahan Office In 2020

This study describes bureaucratic transparency, participation, and the rule of law, as well as the impediments to the application of Good Governance principles at the Sungai Kerjan Village Office. The findings indicated that the application of Good Governance principles at the Sungai Kerjan Village Office was good, but it should be improved again because there are several indicators that make service delivery less than optimal. According to the findings of the study, the indicators of the factors that impede the application of good governance principles to increase the capacity of public services in the process of managing a Business Certificate (SKU) at the Sungai Kerjan Village Office, Bungo Dani District, are as follows: 1) Internal variables (factors from within). Lack of understanding of the apparatus on Good Governance principles The Kelurahan's implementation of Good Governance is still ineffective due to a lack of understanding of the principles of good governance. 2) External variables (factors come from outside) a lack of community involvement Participation is a sign of democracy when people are included in the development and implementation of a plan. as well as accept responsibility in accordance with one's maturity and level of obligation Complaint or criticism services via question cards have not been operating effectively. With the budget, the implementation of using their own personal laptops has not been liquidated. The implication of this research is that it is hoped that there will be an increase in the quality of the Human Resources (HR) workforce in providing services and improving facilities and infrastructure, allowing for better and more optimal service implementation at the Sungai Kerjan Village Office.

One Medicalogy Pre-Launching Strategy of New Maternity Belts with Anti-Radiation Feature Using Lean Startup Methodology

This paper will discuss pre-launch strategy taken by One Medicalogy, a startup company specializing in maternity apparels. The strategy will follow lean startup methodology that will guide One Medicalogy to start, build, develop, conduct and maintain its business in the field of anti-radiation maternity belts. A maternity belt is a belt or a corset used to support the lower portion of the belly and back of pregnant women. An anti-radiation maternity belt is a modified maternity belt by embedding an additional anti-radiation layer on the inside part of the belt. The extra layer will protect the fetus growing in the belly of the mother from harmful non-ionizing RF-EMF radiation. The source of the radiation is usually electronic devices and gadgets such as personal computers or laptops as well as smartphones. One Medicalogy is committed to design, develop, produce and introduce the belts to the market. Pre-launch strategy will be employed in introducing the belt to the market. This strategy includes conducting market tests by testing the product with potential customers and performing rigorous efforts with them to ensure communication during product design and development by first determining the target market, ensuring that product features line up perfectly with customer needs. A lean startup methodology will also be used to assist One Medicalogy in introducing the belts quickly and successfully to market. In essence, lean startup methodology is a method that focus business efforts in speedy creation of product prototypes by first conducting and testing target market analysis. Feedbacks resulted from prototype try-outs and interviews involving potential customers will be employed quickly to create finished products. In addition, these feedbacks will also reveal the strength of the newly created products against that of the competitors. Using this method, One Medicalogy can reduce the risk of bad product performance.

Use of remote data collection methodology to test for an illusory effect on visually guided cursor movements.

Investigating the influence of perception on the control of visually guided action typically involves controlled experimentation within the laboratory setting. When appropriate, however, behavioral research of this nature may benefit from the use of methods that allow for remote data collection outside of the lab. This study tested the feasibility of using remote data collection methods to explore the influence of perceived target size on visually guided cursor movements using the Ebbinghaus illusion. Participants completed the experiment remotely, using the trackpad of their personal laptop computers. The task required participants to click on a single circular target presented at either the left or right side of their screen as quickly and accurately as possible (Experiment 1), or to emphasize speed (Experiment 2) or accuracy (Experiment 3). On each trial the target was either surrounded by small or large context circles, or no context circles. Participants’ judgments of the targets’ perceived size were influenced by the illusion, however, the illusion failed to produce differences in click-point accuracy or movement time. Interestingly, the illusion appeared to affect participants’ movement of the cursor toward the target; more directional changes were made when clicking the Perceived Large version of the illusion compared to the Perceived Small version. These results suggest the planning of the cursor movement may have been influenced by the illusion, while later stages of the movement were not, and cursor movements directed toward targets perceived as smaller required less correction compared to targets perceived as larger.

Teachers Perspective on Redesigning Social Studies Curriculum for Student-Centered and Constructivist Learning: Empirical Study of Secondary Schools, Northern Region

Effective, equitable, and student-centered Social Studies instruction occurs in an environment which is prepared and well designed for that purpose. The 21st Century Social Studies curriculum should be planned to allow teachers to adopt constructivist student-centered pedagogies to improve the learning outcomes of students. However, it appears most teachers in Ghana still apply the traditional rote methods of instruction that deprives students of the ability to acquire 21st century learning due to weaknesses in the existing curriculum. This study was, therefore, conducted to explore from teachers how the Social Studies curriculum can be reformed to create a room for active and student centered learning. A cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study. Senior High School (SHS) Social Studies teachers in Northern Region were the target population for the study (N = 175 teachers). Using Yamane's (1967) formula for sample size determination, 151 teachers were randomly sampled for the study with a confidence level of 97% and a margin error of ±3. Closed-ended item questionnaires were used to mine data from the respondents. The reliability of the items in the questionnaires was tested using the Cronbach alpha formula which yielded a = 0.78, which was acceptable for the study. Using SPSS, data were analyzed employing descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviations and the results were presented in tables. The study discovered a high endorsement by teachers on the need for a new Social Studies curriculum that provides an opportunity for meaningful learning; a call for Social Studies curriculum reform to create a room for student-centered learning to improve learning outcomes of students in line with SDG 4. The study recommends curriculum reforms, capacity-building programmes for teachers based on training needs; supply of relevant instructional resources; expansion of SHSs infrastructure and rethinking a ban on SHSs students' use of phones and personal laptops on campuses.

Research Data Preservation Practices of Library and Information Science Faculties

&#x0D; Digitisation of research data is widely increasing all around the world because it needs more and development of enormous digital technologies. Data curation services are starting to offer many libraries. Research data curation is the collective invaluable and reusable information of the researchers. Collected data preservation is more important. The majority of the higher education institutes preserved the research data for their students and researchers. It is stored for a long time using various formats. It is called research data preservation. Without proper research data management plan and implementation cannot curate the research data. The aim of the study is to identify the Asian Library and Information Science (LIS) faculties’ experiences in the research data preservation and curation during their research. Data management, curation and preservation all are interlinked. For reuse of the research data; data curation is an essential role. For this research, we adopted a survey method and an online questionnaire was shared with 1400 LIS professionals, belonging to the Asian region but the completed study respondents are 125 university faculties from various Asian countries. The study findings are 76.8 per cent generated statistical data followed by 58.4 per cent textual files. By far, the most preferable data analysis tool is Microsoft Excel 82.4 per cent. Moreover, the result shows that generated data is mostly stored by personal computers and laptop hard disks. This study concludes LIS faculties having adequate skills and knowledge on data curation and preservation even though they are expecting more services from their academic institute libraries.

Cloud Computing: A Review Paper

Abstract: Cloud computing is a major aspect for present time. In today’s world, it is going to became a part of life as it makes the work easy at every region as in business sector or for students or in any sector where we need to store data. With the help of cloud computing, life of people became easy because we don’t have to carry data in the form of register and log, we can simply check our data anywhere by my personal handset or personal laptop. It is more secure as well. It is less costly than other traditional computing. In this paper we will discuss about the services of cloud computing, then about the types of cloud computing, after that we will discuss its important factor that how is it beneficial for us? How can we use it in daily life? We will also discuss about the challenges happening in future due to spread of cloud computing

BIMBINGAN TEKNIS PEMASANGAN PERANGKAT SPC CAMERA MODEL KST2 UNTUK KEAMANAN WARGA PERUMAHAN CITRA CANDI MENDUT MALANG

At this time the demand for security cameras is increasing in line with the increasing number of criminal acts, this technology seems to be required to be installed in various public places and facilities that require more supervision in order to create security and safety. IP Camera (type KST2 SPC) is the latest solution in the field of security. This monitoring device has a monitor range that is not limited to the room, but the IP camera can also be accessed by a personal computer or laptop that is connected directly via LAN, Internet, or cellular network. IP Camera is a long-term solution that is very useful, very flexible, and can work for the next 10 years. IP Camera has other features such as camera selection and navigation features that affect video size and access speed. IP Camera is a CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) camera that uses Internet Protocol to transmit image data and control signals. Thus, IP cameras have several advantages over analog CCTV. In its use, this tool is also quite easy to integrate with various electronic-based early warning systems. Data from camera readings can be stored on a microSD which can store recording activity data for a full month.

How Accurate Are Surgeons at Calculating Orbital Volumes?

Bilateral orbital volume (OV) symmetry is imperative for successful orbital reconstruction to prevent complications such as enophthalmos, diplopia, and orbital dystopia. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of surgeon-led in-house OV calculation for reconstructed orbits after orbital floor fracture. This is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study of maxillofacial computed tomography scans for patients undergone orbital fracture repair by Emory Oral and Maxillofacial service at Grady Memorial Hospital (Atlanta, Georgia) from 2018 to 2020.The primary predictor variable was OV calculation approach (outsourced vs surgeon-led in-house approach). The primary outcome variable was OV. Secondary variables were age, gender, and race. Interobserver reliability was calculated with a 2-way mixed-effects model, intraclass correlation coefficients, 95% confidence intervals, and Pvalues. Differences between OV (in-house and outsourced) were calculated using student t-test. Statistical significance was determined at P<.05. During the study period, 172 patients sustained orbital floor fracture. Of them, 49 patients (31 male, 18 females; 98 orbits) with the mean age of 41.3years (range, 19 to 89 years) met inclusion criteria. Subjects with incomplete medical records and inadequate computed tomography scans were excluded from the study. The racial distribution in descending order was 87.8% African American, 8.2% Caucasian, 2% Hispanic, and 2% Asian. There was excellent inter-rater reliability for calculating uninjured OV (OV-U, P<.0001) and reconstructed OV (OV-R, P<.0001). The mean OV difference of outsourced approach was 0.8cm3and for surgeon-led in-house approach was 0.07cm3. There was no significant difference in OV difference between outsourced and in-house approach (P=.16). In conclusion, using open-source 3-dimensional imaging software is a reliable and a predictable method at calculating reconstructed OV in patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of orbital fractures. By having this software in our personal computers and laptops, one can easily calculate OVs in an efficient manner.

A New Learned Construction Of Indonesian Networks (Online) At Elementary School Sutomo 1 Medan

A current online learning applied, done to suppress Covid-19 spread rates. An online learning system is implemented through a Personal Computer (PC) or laptop connected to an internet network connection. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The purpose of this study was to describe the construction of online learning in the field of Indonesian language studies at SD Sutomo 1, Medan. The research subjects were taken as many as 9 people, namely 3 Indonesian language teachers, 3 parents, and 3 students who attend SD Sutomo 1. The object of research is teaching material in online learning which includes writing, reading, and listening. The data determination technique used the Simple Random Sampling method. The research method is a literature study. The data analysis technique used is by collecting data from interviews, observations, documentation, and other sources. The result of this study is that online learning is not as good as face-to-face due to the lack of direct interaction between teachers and students. The conclusion of this research isSUTOMO 1 Elementary School chose to continue using the 2013 national curriculum because the school wanted to continue to provide maximum learning services to students even through online learning.

Inpatient Telehealth Experience of Patients With Limited English Proficiency: Cross-sectional Survey and Semistructured Interview Study.

BackgroundPatients with limited English proficiency (LEP) are at a higher risk of poor health outcomes and are less likely to use telehealth than English-speaking patients. To date, there is no formal evaluation of inpatient (IP) telehealth user experience of patients and their families by language preference during visits with their clinicians.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the experiences of English- and Spanish-speaking patients and their families using IP telehealth, as well as to evaluate the experience of Spanish interpreters providing services through IP telehealth.MethodsWe prospectively administered a survey to English- and Spanish-speaking patients and their families who used IP telehealth from October 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. We performed semistructured phone interviews of hospital-based Spanish interpreters who provided services through IP telehealth.ResultsA total of 661 surveys were administered, with completion rates of 18% (112/621) in English and 62% (25/40) in Spanish. On a 10-point scale, the overall satisfaction of Spanish speakers (median 10, IQR 10-10) was higher than that of English speakers (median 9, IQR 8-10; P=.001). Both English- and Spanish-speaking patients used IP telehealth for visits with their primary IP care team, subspecialty consultants, and other clinicians. Hospital tablets were used more often than personal devices, and only English-speaking patients used personal laptops. Patients and their families encountered challenges with log-in, team coordination with multiple users, and equipment availability. Interpreters encountered challenges with audio and video quality, communication, safety, and Wi-Fi access.ConclusionsBoth English- and Spanish-speaking patients reported high satisfaction using IP telehealth across multiple disciplines despite the workflow challenges identified by interpreters. Significant investment is needed to provide robust infrastructure to support use by all patients, especially the integration of multiple users to provide interpreter services for patients with LEP.