Verbs In Language Research Articles

Spatial language in blind children: expressing location and motion without vision

This study compares the performance of blind and sighted children (6-11 years old) in the production and comprehension of spatial prepositions and motion verbs in French language. In both populations, performance was better in comprehension than in production and with prepositions than with verbs. Performance was better in the sighted than in the blind, although with prepositions this difference mostly concerned young children and gradually disappeared thereafter. With verbs, population differences decreased only at 11 years and never disappeared entirely. In both populations, but especially among blind children, performance was better with prepositions marking containment or implying a vertical plane than with those implying a sagittal plane, particularly with non-oriented entities. Performance was also best when verbs implied a vertical plane (ascend, descend). The discussion explores implications of these results in light of blind children’s performance.

Hämmern, verwandeln und entschärfen. Zur Valenz metaphorischer Verben des Erzielens und Verhinderns von Toren im Handball, Eishockey und Fußball

This article examines metaphorical verbs for describing the scoring and preventing of goals in the languages of handball, ice hockey and football, such as hämmern, donnern, verwandeln or entschärfen. The focus here is on the changes in the valency structure compared to the general language verbs as well as the relationship to the valency of prototypical base verbs such as werfen and schießen. Expansions and reductions of valency can be observed, as well as changes in argument types. The syntactic-semantic characteristics of metaphorical verbs are described as a result of terminologisation in the professional language of sport.

How are archaic expressions used that remain in the modern Japanese? : Focusing on the use of Auxiliary Verbs in Written and Spoken Language

How are archaic expressions used that remain in the modern Japanese? : Focusing on the use of Auxiliary Verbs in Written and Spoken Language

The verb in Northern dialects and Kipchak languages, its structural types

The verb in Northern dialects and Kipchak languages, its structural types

Evolution of the Verb State Category in Germanic Languages: A Neuroscientific Perspective

Relevance of research. The article examines the process of verb formation in Germanic languages, as well as the peculiarities of the grammatical semantics of verbs at different historical stages of the development of Germanic languages. Using the comparative-historical method, the functioning of verbs in texts of Germanic languages ​​was investigated as an aspect of neurolinguistic science. Research results. The article proves that most modal verbs of Germanic languages ​​have undergone significant semantic transformations. The study of texts of different historical stages of language development shows that verbs evolved through semantic transformation. Time frames of the formation of secondary semantics were revealed. The theoretical and practical significance lies in the fact that this resarch allows a detailed study of the features of the emergence of the primary, as well as the secondary, subjective semantics of verbs in Germanic languages ​​from a neuroscientific point of view. It should be noted that the list of subjective values ​​still raises many questions and discussions. The German language has an extremely clear system of means of expressing modal values. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the neurolinguistic approach to the study of the evolution of Germanic verbs. The article aims to study the evolution of verbs in the German language in the context of neurolinguistics. To achieve the goal, the method of comparative analysis was used. This made it possible to consider the evolution of the verb through a comparative study of texts at the main stages of speech development. To solve these problems, texts reflecting the state of the language at each historical stage were studied.

Action-guided prompt tuning for video grounding

Video grounding aims to locate a moment-of-interest semantically corresponding to a given query. We claim that existing methods overlook two critical issues: (1) the sparsity of language, and (2) the human perception process of events. To be specific, previous studies forcibly map the video modality and language modality into a joint space for alignment, disregarding their inherent disparities. Verbs play a crucial role in queries, providing discriminative information for distinguishing different videos. However, in the video modality, actions especially salient ones, are typically manifested through a greater number of frames, encompassing a richer reservoir of informative details. At the query level, verbs are constrained to a single word representation,creating a disparity. This discrepancy highlights a significant sparsity in language features, resulting in the suboptimality of mapping the two modalities into a shared space naively. Furthermore, segmenting ongoing activity into meaningful events is integral to human perception and contributes to event memory. Preceding methods fail to account for this essential perception process. Considering the aforementioned issues, we propose a novel Action-Guided Prompt Tuning (AGPT) method for video grounding. Firstly, we design a Prompt Exploration module to explore latent expansion information of salient verbs in language,thereby reducing the language feature sparsity and facilitating cross-modal matching. Secondly, we design the auxiliary task of action temporal prediction for video grounding and introduce a temporal rank loss function to simulate the human perceptual system’s segmentation of events, rendering our AGPT to be temporal-aware. Our approach can be seamlessly integrated into any video grounding model with minimal additional parameters. Extensive ablation experiments on three backbones and three datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method.

On the scalarity of nu‐V constructions in Taiwan Mandarin

AbstractThis paper investigates three puzzles concerning scalar nu‐V constructions in Taiwan Mandarin: (a) a scalar nu‐V construction is incompatible with state/achievement verbs, irrespective of the presence of a quantity phrase; (b) when combined with activity verbs, the inclusion of a quantity phrase appears obligatory for scalar nu‐V constructions in an out‐of‐the‐blue context; (c) under appropriate contextual support, bare nouns and demonstrative phrases can replace the typically obligatory quantity phrases to form a grammatical scalar nu‐V construction with an activity verb. We argue that the solutions to these puzzles lie in three core meaning components of scalar nu‐V constructions: (a) scalar presupposition; (b) association with focus; (c) volitional requirement. Specifically, we propose that (a) scalar nu is a scalar verbal modifier that forms a verbal compound with its following verb; (b) scalar nu introduces a scalar presupposition (based on the scalar associate) and the volitional requirement in scalar nu‐V constructions. If our analysis is correct, it suggests that the scalarity of a construction may come from a verbal modifier (e.g., scalar nu) in the formation of a compound verb, thereby enhancing our understanding of the compositionality of compound verbs in natural language.

The discourse functions of simple copulas in Dzongkha

Abstract The marking on copular verbs in Tibetic languages is regarded as an exemplar of egophoricity, although the extent to which it has been grammaticalized varies between languages. Dzongkha, a southern Tibetic language, is somewhat atypical of the egophoric pattern in the sense that the basic opposition in copulas exhibits a mirative pattern, wherein the non-mirative (egophoric) copula occurs with all grammatical persons in declaratives and interrogatives, and the mirative (non-egophoric) occurs with the 3rd person and rarely with 1st and 2nd persons. The conversational data studied for this paper also show that the speaker need not take knowledge stances that bifurcate the world between objectively ‘old’ and ‘new’ knowledge and the attendant associations of knowledge with a particular grammatical person. Rather, the speaker’s representation of events is subjective, and dependent, in part, on the knowledge stances between speaker and respondent. What is in view in conversational interaction are the social goals of the conversation — assertions, face-saving strategies, and arriving at mutually shared knowledge — and the Dzongkha copulas are a manipulable linguistic resource in achieving these.

On the Topic of Aspect of Verbs in Bulgarian Language

On the Topic of Aspect of Verbs in Bulgarian Language

Construction of transitive and intransative verbs in english and karakalpalpak languages

The article is devoted to the comparative study of transitive and intransitive verbs in English and Karakalpak languages. It provides an overview of the scientific literature on the grammatical meaning of transitive and intransitive verbs, and includes examples with subsequent analysis of language data.

Conversion from adjective to verb in english language

In this work, the author undertakes an extensive and in-depth analysis of how adjectives can become verbs in English language, a process that is also known as denominalization or zero derivation. The morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of this phenomenon are examined in detail by the author, who also proposes a comprehensive list of criteria to distinguish and classify the different types of adjective-to-verb conversions. The author claims that conversion is a creative and dynamic way of creating new words that enriches the vocabulary and the expressiveness of English.

Causative Verbs In English And Karakalpak Languages

The article deals with the typological research on causative category in English and Karakalpak languages and represents causative semantics of both languages. Comparative analysis is done using the examples that were taken from literary text. Moreover, causative expression is distinguished by the fact that each language has its own means of expression, syntactic structures, lexical and grammatical forms

MÜASİR İNGİLİS VƏ ALMAN DİLLƏRİNDƏ GÜMAN BİLDİRƏN FEİLLƏRİN SEMANTİK XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

Semantic Properties of Presumptive Verbs in Modern English and German Summary While studying the semantic characteristics of presumptive verbs in modern English and German languages, it can be concluded that these verbs, which are distinguished by their small number compared to other verbs in the vocabulary of the language, belong to the group of verbs that play an important role in the act of speaking due to their unique semantic nuances and a wide range of expressive possibilities. As a result, while studying the lexical-semantic features of the presumptive verbs in both languages, we clarified that the pragmatic-stylistic nuances of these verbs are characterized by the use of the correct verb as the correct choice in the subject's speech in relation to the object. Key words: speech act, presumptive verbs, semantic features, ways of expression, affirmative and negative forms

Giving oranges and puppies: Children’s production of directional verbs in an emerging sign language from Oaxaca

Children’s acquisition of directional verbs in sign languages has received a lot of attention, but less is known about the sociocultural process of using these verbs, especially in the context of emerging sign languages in diverse language ecologies. Directional verbs are a common grammatical phenomenon of many sign languages in which some verbs such as ‘to give’ and ‘to take’ can move in the direction of one or more of its arguments for indicating grammatical relations between agents and patients or recipients. I discuss the case study of one signing family who uses ‘making hands’, an emic term for the signing practices of deaf Chatino people and their families in the San Juan Quiahije municipality in Oaxaca, Mexico. The family in question consists of a first-generation adult signer and two second-generation child signers, aged 4;6 and 5;3. This article describes their usage of directional verbs for making explicit requests, asking questions, and talking about hypothetical events, including presenting or withholding gifts as part of the cultural understandings and practices of the allocations of goods. Ethnographic data reveals that the children’s production of verbs may be facilitated by directed input in the form of directives from a deaf adult signer, extensive peer play, and visual access to signed adult interactions. This case study offers insight about input and socialization for the children’s usage of directional verbs in an emerging sign language in a local Mesoamerican ecology.

Manner expressions in Finnish and Estonian: their use in quotative constructions and beyond

Abstract In this study, we look at manner demonstratives (such as ‘so’ and similative prepositions such as ‘like’) in complex sentences of two Finnic languages: Finnish and Estonian. We expand previous accounts of these manner expressions (MEs) in quotative constructions and investigate their use with epistemic (‘know’, ‘guess’) and perceptive (‘see’, ‘hear’, ‘feel’) verbs in non-standard written communications. In addition to the results from two Finnic languages, in the discussion of this article, we pay attention to the similarities found in the use of MEs with these verbs in Finno-Ugric languages spoken in Russia. The results show that MEs contribute to the expression of epistemic processes and perception in both languages. Manner demonstratives are used as endophoric markers pointing at demonstrations and descriptions of the event perceived. Co-occurring with the epistemic verb ‘know’, manner demonstratives induce a non-factive construal and cancel the presupposition that the speaker considers the proposition to be true. With inherently subjective verbs like ‘understand’ and in some contexts with perceptive verbs like ‘see, seem’, and ‘feel’, they indicate the subjective interpretation of the event. The reportative function is observed with the auditory perceptive verbs ‘hear’ and ‘be heard’, where the manner demonstratives highlight the reporter’s uncertainty or indicate the verbatim rendering of the report. Furthermore, they can express the speaker’s wishful thinking while co-occurring with a visual perceptive verb ‘see’. In turn, similative markers are used in reportative function as already established quotatives and mark reports as approximately reproduced or typical for the event described. Co-occurring with perceptive verbs, they can express the speaker’s doubt or mark propositions as counterfactual.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TECHNIQUE JAPETRAN “O” AND JAPEINTRAN “XO” IN ORDER TO IMPROVE VERB MASTERY IN IBAN LANGUAGE WITH THE HELP OF THE TALKING TOM INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA AMONG LEVEL TWO PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of animated video application as a tool to teach students in mastering the verb of Iban Language subjects. A total of 30 Iban and Baketan from three classes in a primary school in rural area in Kapit, Sarawak were involved in the study using a Quasi- experimental design. These students were divided into two groups; the treatment group was taught using the tool approach and the controlled group was taught with the conventional approach. The research instrument uses pre and post tests as well as questionnaires. The collected data were analysed and examined using t-test using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) Version Ninja. The difference between the treatment group and the control group with t-value=1.45, p<0.10 (0.340). The results of the study showed that students were able to master the verb in Iban Language using technological methods and non-technological methods. Students’ motivation towards learning Iban verb during the application of Talking Tom was high with a mean value of 5.35. Animated video application is able to increase students’ motivation towards learning.

Formation of nouns with an abtracted meaning from verbs in English and Azerbaijani languages

Formation of nouns with an abtracted meaning from verbs in English and Azerbaijani languages

OS VERBOS DE DIZER COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA TRANSEDIÇÃO NAS TRADUÇÕES DO LE MONDE PARA O PORTUGUÊS VIA SITE DA AGÊNCIA RFI: UMA ANÁLISE BASEADA EM CORPUS

ABSTRACT This study looks at reported speech as a component of the RFI news agency’s translation procedures for the newspaper Le Monde . We examined the frequency of verb usage in a comparable-cum-parallel corpus (European French (EF) ↔ Brazilian Portuguese (BP)) named Le Monde Journalistic Corpus ( JOSTLE ), which was based on Corpus Linguistics, Corpus-based Translation Studies, and Journalistic Translation principles. We identified the most commonly used verbs in both languages. Any discrepancies in usage between the reporting verbs and other verbs employed in this discursive function were identified by applying the computer program Sketch Engine. Furthermore, a higher frequency of this discursive resource was observed in BP, with the following verbs having the highest statistical incidence in the corpus: dizer (106), lembrar (55), afirmar (42), escrever (35), and apontar (33). Our analysis discovered that these verbs are used in gatekeeping portions that translators and journalists choose, suggesting an expansion, compression, and elision of Source Texts (ST) throughout a t ransediting process.

DIRECTIONAL MOTION VERB CONSTRUCTION IN MADURESE LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY

Semantically, the construction of directional motion verbs has two significant points: manner of motion, which refers to the way the motion is performed, and path, which conveys the directional meaning. In the context of verbal construction with directional motion, the path component can be constructed through directional verbs or prepositional phrases as markers of the goal. Based on these patterns, Talmy (1975) and Slobin (2006) classified languages into three frameworks: verb-framed languages, satellite-framed languages, and equipollent-framed languages. This research aims to describe the construction of direct motion verb in Madurese language and critically analyze the position of Madurese as an Austronesian language based on the classification proposed by Talmy and Slobin. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, this study collects primary data from native Madurese speakers, and the secondary data from article journal related to Madurese language as comparison. In conclusion, Madurese language can be categorized as a verb-framed language overall. Based on the analysis, there are several directional verbs in Madurese that can simultaneously carry meanings consistent with prepositional phrases, although in other sentence contexts, they may exhibit different semantic and syntactic patterns. Furthermore, Madurese tends to fall into the verb-framed language category as it lacks a resultative-adjective pattern, and its directional verbs are not main verbs but rather open-class adjuncts.

Semantic Analysis of Swahili Action Verb “To cut”: A Natural Semantic Metalanguage Approach

This research paper aims to analyze the Swahili action verb “to cut” within the framework of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) theory. The study also seeks to identify other Swahili verbs that share similar semantic correlations. No research has been conducted on the verb “to cut” using the NSM model in Swahili. Therefore, this research is crucial in bridging the gap in the existing literature. Swahili holds a significant position as one of the official languages in Kenya, alongside English, making it prevalent in the region. To achieve the research objectives, a qualitative-descriptive research design methodology was employed. Native Swahili speakers were involved in the study, and selected texts were utilized as data sources. Through self-examination and careful analysis, a total of 22 Swahili verbs were identified to have comparable semantic correlates to the verb “to cut.” These verbs include kata, tahirisha, pogoa, tema, katisha, nyofoa, chuna, vunja, kuhasiwa, tenganisha, nyoa, keketa, chanja, punguza, fyeka, pasua, chana, chinja, katika, gawanya, chomoa, and ng’oa. The findings of this study reveal that the Swahili word for “cutting” is derived from the original meaning of “doing” or “happening.” In this context, X represents the agent, Y represents the patient, and Z represents the instrument used in the action of cutting. By exploring the semantic relationships of the verb “to cut” and identifying other verbs that share similar patterns, this research sheds light on the versatility and richness of the Swahili language verbs.