Language Teaching Approach Research Articles

The impact of Communicative Language Teaching Approach on Students’ Speaking Ability

<p><em>EFL Speaking is seen as a difficult skill that must be learned by most Indonesian students, especially those taking non-English programs. </em><em>But teachers still have trouble coming up with the best way for their EFL speaking students to learn. So, this study suggests using Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) to help EFL students get better at speaking. CLT strategies focus on communication skills in the context of social situations. This makes it easy for students to learn how to speak English as a foreign language. </em><em>This research aims to find out how the use of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach affects students' speaking skills. The research method used is a type of quasi-experimental research in which one group carries out tests before and after the research. Because there is no control group variable or only one group is the subject of the research. The pre-test is used to see how well students can do the task and the post-test is used to see whether there are changes in students' speaking abilities before and after treatment. This study found that using learning with CLT to teach English as a foreign language (EFL) speech in a college setting is helpful.</em><em></em></p>

Applying the MSMLP model in advancing language teaching and learning: a longitudinal case study on soft skills development

Language is a dynamic phenomenon that transcends mere verbal expression. In the educational setting, and particularly language teaching and learning, understanding the processes that underlie communication is crucial for effective pedagogy. The Multi-Stratal Model of Language Processing (MSMLP) emerges as a neurolinguistic framework that not only dissects the complexities of language processing but also offers a multifaceted perspective through which language education can be advanced, moving beyond traditional linguistic boundaries by integrating social, cultural, emotional, gestural, and linguistic components. The study unfolds by examining the foundational linguistic strata, emphasizing the integration of pragmatics, morphosyntax, semantics, and phonology into a more holistic language curriculum. Social dimensions, encompassing sociolinguistic variables, social context, and conversation analysis, are explored, guiding educators to incorporate these elements into their teaching methodologies. The longitudinal case study focuses on soft skills development among first-year English students at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities in Sfax, emphasizing real-world scenarios and comprehensive assessments. The iterative approach assesses the curriculum’s impact on students’ soft skills, highlighting MSMLP’s applicability in language teaching and curriculum design. The study advocates for embracing the MSMLP, fostering a holistic language teaching approach to prepare students for effective communication in diverse real-world contexts, and unraveling the profound connection between language and the expression of thoughts and feelings beyond explicit verbalization.

Role Of Communicative Language Teaching Approaches In Strengthening English Language Speaking Skills In ESL Learners

This qualitative study explores ESL teachers' perspectives on the role of communicative language teaching (CLT) approaches in strengthening English language speaking skills among ESL learners. Fifteen ESL teachers from diverse educational backgrounds participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed thematically to identify key themes and patterns. The findings revealed that teachers generally perceive CLT as effective in enhancin[1]g ESL speaking skills, citing the value of communicative activities in promoting authentic language use and fostering fluency and confidence among learners. However, teachers also encountered challenges in implementing CLT methodologies, including large class sizes, limited resources, and time constraints. Nonetheless, they emphasized the importance of adaptation and flexibility in overcoming these challenges and providing meaningful language instruction. The study underscores the dynamic nature of language teaching and the need for ongoing professional development and support for ESL teachers. Suggestions for enhancing language teaching practice include providing professional development opportunities, supporting classroom adaptation, promoting flexibility in instruction, advocating for policy changes, and encouraging reflective practice. By implementing these suggestions, institutions and educators can create supportive learning environments where ESL learners have the opportunity to develop their English language speaking skills authentically and effectively.

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING: DIGITAL PEDAGOGY FOR GLOBAL CITIZENS

The advent of technology has significantly impacted language teaching and learning approaches, necessitating a fusion ofvirtual platforms and traditional resources like textbooks and classrooms. This integration has become indispensable in theconstantly evolving global landscape. The emergence of innovative digital models for teaching and learning has opened upnew possibilities and experiences. Digital pedagogy is gradually replacing traditional language teaching methods, enablingblended teaching, flipped learning, student-paced learning, learner-centric learning, self-learning, collaborative learning,project-based learning, VAK learning, gamification, and more. To meet these dynamic requirements, various futuristic digitaltools for teaching and learning are gaining popularity. This research paper aims to explore the significance, scope, andinfluence of digital pedagogy in the digital era. Additionally, it investigates the effectiveness of different tools available formaking the teaching and learning of the English language engaging and enjoyable, using a combination of qualitative andquantitative research methodologies. The paper also addresses the challenges posed by this paradigm shift in Englishlanguage education for undergraduate students.

The fall of bilingualism: Teacher candidates’ voices on the implementation of critical plurilingualism in English language teaching

ABSTRACT Plurilingualism is an inclusive language teaching approach to sustain multilingual societies, but there is little investigation on teacher candidates’ (TCs) beliefs and challenges before and after its implementation. This interpretive qualitative study introduced plurilingualism in teacher education at a Canadian university. Sixteen TCs participated in the study, which 1) investigated TCs’ conceptualizations of plurilingualism, and 2) examined TCs’ perceptions of overall affordances of critical plurilingual pedagogies before and after their practicum. For four months, participants experimented with plurilingual pedagogies such as translanguaging and cross-linguistic analysis, designed tasks, and taught lessons. Five types of data were generated: 1) weekly annotations of readings on Perusall, 2) designed language tasks, 3) task delivery demonstrations, 4) lesson plans, and 5) final reflection after the teaching practicum. Inductive content analysis was conducted on NVivo with data triangulation. Findings suggest that TCs shifted their views of language, and aligned plurilingual pedagogies with equity, diversity, inclusion and decoloniality principles. Findings also show that TCs transgressed the monolingual discourses often present in schools, and felt empowered after the training. We call for the inclusion of critical plurilingual practices in teacher education programs for the sustainability of multi/plurilingualism.

The effect of task-supported and task-based teaching on the use of Russian verbs of motion

The goal of this investigation is to determine to what extent task-supported (TS) and task-based (TB) language teaching approaches are effective for learning Russian verbs of motion. To this aim, an experimental study was carried out under real classroom conditions as a part of Russian language courses at the University of ***. Participants were organised into two groups that received a TS and a TB treatment, respectively. The implementation of the didactic strategies subsumed in the design of the TB treatment by means of a Learning Management System (Moodle), the benefits and key features of which facilitate task-based instruction, are analysed. The study follows the pre-test, post-test and delayed post-test design. In the light of the results obtained, it is safe to say that the two approaches are beneficial for learning verbs of motion since both groups showed a significant improvement in all the measured aspects, that is, the correct use of verbs both in the oral and written production and in the grammar tests (fill in the blanks, multiple choice and grammaticality judgement tests). Nevertheless, the TB group performed significantly better than the TS group in the oral tasks, and in most delayed post-tests

LANGUAGE LEARNING AND LANGUAGE TEACHING APPROACHES

The evolution of modern language teaching and learning can be traced back to the 20th century, a time when travel by land, sea, and air became more accessible to a larger portion of the population. Initially limited to Europe and North America, travel eventually expanded globally,allowing people from all continents to explore foreign lands. This accessibility marked a departure from the exclusive domain of pilgrims, explorers, and the wealthy, making foreign travel achievable for the majority in developed nations. Additionally, advancements such as the discovery of electricity and wireless communication facilitated global contact, irrespective of geographical location or occupation. In this article, will look at early language learning and language teaching approaches.

Second Language Acquisition Theories and How They Contribute to Language Learning

This paper presents a systematic review of second language acquisition (SLA) theories and how these theories and ideas could contribute to language teaching. It briefly presents SLA theories related to most language teaching approaches, such as behaviorism, interactionism, sociocultural, and comprehension theory. Then it examines some errors and non-systematic errors and how they affect language learning, as well as how to provide learners with the best kind of feedback on different language skills. It also presents first language interference and its positive or negative influence on acquiring the target language. The paper then discusses the comprehensible input in SLA, the role of interactive communication and social interaction in SLA, and how they could improve learners’ linguistics competence. Furthermore, it presents the difference between language learning and language acquisition and what could be done to help improve the learning process. Finally, it discusses the differences between foreign language learning and second language learning and how that could affect SLA refereeing to some skills and aspects that would help learners to use language appropriately.

Use of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Approach in Teaching Speaking Skill

Speaking is one of four English skills that students must master because it is an important skill. To teach speaking, teachers can use Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. The main purposes of this research are to find out the students' response to the CLT in teaching speaking, to figure out the problems faced by teacher in using CLT in teaching speaking, and to explore how teacher solves problems encountered in using CLT in teaching speaking. This study was conducted at a private junior high school in North Bandung. A descriptive qualitative research design was employed in this study with three data collection techniques, namely observation, questionnaire and interview. The participants involved were an English teacher and 27 students of the 7th grade of Binar Ilmu Junior High School. To analyze the data, a framework of CLT proposed by Richards & Rodgers, (2014) was used. The results show that the students responded positively to the use of CLT in teaching speaking skill. Furthermore, there were three problems faced by the teacher in the use of CLT, namely the lack of students’ interaction, the limited students’ concentration, and the limited time allocation. To overcome those problems, the teacher did such things as provoking students by asking questions or inviting discussions, giving some signals such as yells to make the students conducive, delivering one material in two meetings, and giving them homework

An appraisal of recurring grammar errors in Saudi premedical EFL learners’ academic writing

The present research is a qualitative study investigating a potential relationship between explicit grammar instruction to adult EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners and the development of their writing skill. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach discourages explicit teaching of grammar at all levels as the theoretical premise in the approach is that learners are capable of imbibing grammar rules implicit in communication. However, adult EFL learners, taught English through CLT as an approach, are observed to make grammar errors in their writing, though they made progress in spoken English. In a qualitative study conducted with premedical students at a university in Saudi Arabia, the researchers find that explicit teaching of a few difficult-to-grasp grammar rules is required to improve learners’ writing skill since academic writing requires an advanced knowledge of grammar. A comparative analysis of learners’ writing samples and spoken English transcriptions showed that learners made numerous grammatical errors in their writings while the same group of learners made satisfactory progress in oral communication in English, despite making a few accent errors. The findings of the present research suggest that concerned EFL teachers need to make accommodations for grammar within communicative approach to explain certain grammar points explicitly, especially to adult learners, to take care of their writing skill, along with developing their communicative skills.

Insights into the Dynamic Relationship between Technology and Task-Based Language Teaching: A Critical Review

The advent of new technologies and educational tools, while undoubtedly exciting, can often lead their being a mere source of entertainment unless their design, deployment and assessment are grounded in the principles of educational and language development. The task-based language teaching approach, along with its theoretical premises in task-based language learning, offers an excellent opportunity to leverage the potential of technological advancements to create an engaging and effective language-learning process. This approach not only produces high-quality results but also instills a sense of validity and importance that extends beyond the confines of the classroom. Task-based language teaching has garnered significant attention from academicians in language education and second language acquisition from the 1980s. Current literature on task-based language teaching highlights its theoretical concepts and real-world application in foreign and second language teaching, which is continually growing. The integration of learning technology into task-based language teaching has the potential to instill confidence and motivation in learners and open a path for them to use their second language skills effectively in real-world situations, which is crucial in the twenty-first century. This analysis aims to examine the relationship between technology and task-based language teaching. It explores how technology affects task-based language teaching and vice versa, while also addressing the difficulties that arise when using task-based language teaching in technology-based contexts. Furthermore, this review illustrates a range of crucial aspects that require attention to further the development of technology-enhanced task-based language teaching.

Voices Unheard: Enhancing English-Speaking Skills among Technical Learners at Industrial Training Institute by Implementing Task-Based Language Teaching

ITIs offer practical training in various technical trades, which enables students to enter the workforce faster than other traditional degrees. However, graduates from ITIs often need better communication skills to advance in their careers, leading to stagnant pay scales. To tackle this issue, a study was conducted to improve English-speaking skills among ITI students by implementing a task-based language teaching approach. A true experimental design was used for this study. The sample consisted of 76 ITI students who were randomly assigned to two groups: control (n=38) and experimental (n=38). Technical learners were given ample opportunities to practice their English-speaking skills and receive instructors feedback. The study showed significant improvement in the student’s ability to communicate professionally. This study suggests that incorporating task-based language teaching into the ITI curriculum can significantly benefit students by enhancing their employment prospects and potential for career growth. Since the allocated tasks replicate the practical training, technical learners perceive them as readily achievable.

The Effects of Form-Focused Communicative Grammar Instruction on Students’ Pronunciation and Grammar in Speaking

Integrating form-focused instruction (FFI) in the communicative language class is the most recently used language teaching and learning approach today. To draw learners’ attention to grammatical form, FFI implements different types of corrective feedback and implicit and explicit grammar teaching techniques. This study investigated the effects of FFI combined to communicative grammar instruction on students’ pronunciation and grammar in speaking. The main objective of this study was to probe whether the form-focused instruction integrated with communicative grammar activities was effective in terms of students’ performance of pronunciation and grammar in speaking. The study employed a quasi-experimental study design with a mixed method approach. It also employed pre and post-tests, questionnaire, and interview in order to gather data. The data collected by the tests and questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively using independent and paired sample t-test where as the interview data was analyzed thematically. The results of the study revealed that the experimental group of students who had been taught spoken English having form-focused communicative grammar instruction showed the enhancement on pronunciation and grammar in speaking in their post-test scores. This directed to the conclusion that the form-focused communicative grammar instruction assisted the students advance their pronunciation and grammar in speaking. Thus, it is recommended that high school EFL teachers should implement communicative grammar activities integrated to form-focused instruction while teaching speaking skills.

Teachers’ Perception and Practice of English Language Teaching Following CLT Approach in Times of Crisis

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of teachers’ perception and their perceived practice of instructional strategies in the implementation of English language teaching following Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach online in two Chinese universities amid the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. The mixed methodology of quantitative and qualitative approaches in crisis management was employed in this study. The data was collected from forty college English teachers through survey questionnaire, a case study, and semi-structured phone-call interview. The findings revealed that almost teachers’ perception and practice had a noticeably positive correlativity with the characteristics of CLT approach, directly manifesting that the three intricate characteristics of online CLT approach: learner-centered approach; four English language skills linked together in teaching process; and authentic materials promoted. Additionally, online group discussion; pair work; and presentation to whole class they’ve experienced are prominently tied. Nevertheless, some online problems and obstacles were likewise illustrated in the crisis management, which probed to be difficultly operated in prolific English language teaching class online: large online class size; lack of students’ active participation; and little time to prepare teaching materials. Pedagogical Implications for the study are that teachers’ perception and practice within the characteristics of CLT approach amid the crisis have meaningful effects on online ELT development in higher education as well as the exhibited issues in class operation profoundly requires consideration to be kept from in college class.

Effective Pedagogical Approaches in English Language Teaching: Insights from a Kazakhstani Educator

This paper delves into the effective pedagogical approaches employed in teaching the English language, as practiced by educators in Kazakhstan. It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of various teaching methods that emphasize cultural responsiveness, student engagement, and linguistic proficiency. The study employs a qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews with experienced English language teachers and classroom observations in various educational settings across Kazakhstan. Key findings highlight the importance of integrating local cultural contexts into language instruction, thereby enhancing the relevance and effectiveness of teaching methods. The paper also explores the use of student-centered approaches, such as collaborative learning and problem-solving activities, which have shown to significantly improve student motivation and participation. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges faced by teachers in adapting to diverse student needs and maintaining high standards of language proficiency. The role of continuous professional development in equipping teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge to implement these approaches effectively is also examined. This study contributes to the broader discourse on English language teaching in non-native contexts, offering valuable insights for educators and policymakers in Kazakhstan and similar settings.

Use of Electronic Devices in the Teaching and Learning of the English Language in Oyo State Senior Secondary Schools

Purpose: The dwindling standard of Nigerian students’ performances in SSCE English language has become worsened. As a result, this study will focus at employing electronic approach in language teaching called Computer Assisted Language Teaching (CALL) to improve the learners’ poor performances in WASSCE, NECO and UTME and other English language external examinations. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is a novel electronic approach to language pedagogy being introduced in 1980s in Deakin University, USA was used in this research as a theoretical tool.
 Methodology: This research used Brade’s (2007) teleconferencing and Sussaine Herring’s (2001) Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) as theoretical framework for the study. Coupled with this, questionnaires was administered among 360 students and 36 teachers from 18 purposively selected senior secondary schools in Oyo State. Stratified randomly sampling approach was used in selecting the respondents. Besides, electronic tools like projector and other power-point gadgets down-linked equipment gadgets that are used in electronic language teaching called tele-conferencing was purchased for teaching the respondents. A lecture room was furnished for keeping the gadgets purchased and for using video or tele-conferencing in language teaching in teaching the respondents.
 Findings: The findings revealed that this electronic approach to English language in Nigeria has improve the poor standard of students’ performances in external examinations like WASSCE, NECO and also improve students’ communicative and linguistic competence in English language in Oyo State.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The government and educational authorities in Oyo State should prioritize investments in digital infrastructure, including providing schools with an adequate number of electronic devices and ensuring reliable internet connectivity. This will facilitate seamless integration of technology into the teaching and learning process.

Teaching English Reading to EFL Students in Grade Nine: A Task-based Language Teaching

Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT), emerging in the 1980s, is a new type of language teaching approach emphasizes ‘learning by doing’, focusing on the student’s main status, and achieving the teaching goal through the assistance of teachers. In the first part of this article, brief introductions of TBLT, tasks and the teaching principles are respectively given. In the second part, guided by three of the teaching principles of TBLT proposed by Nunan, including learning to communicate through interaction in the target language, focusing on the learning process and attaching importance to the learner’s own personal experiences, a reading teaching plan for the grade nine students is presented. Learners are inspired to discover rules by experiencing language, and use the target language to communicate and solve problems in the process. Under the guidance of TBLT in this reading class on tea culture, we can find that during the most of the time in class, students can not only perform communication actively about tea topic but also perceive more related linguistic knowledge and consolidate reading skills in the process of completing a series of tasks independently or in cooperative ways. Thereby, the student-centered principle can be realized.

Challenges and Predicaments in Teaching “English for Science” in an ESP Classroom: A Research Study to Pinpoint Problems and Solutions

The age-old methods of English Language Teaching (ELT) have been taken over by new approaches of language teaching which quest for relevance and reality in a language. This quest and the demand for novel trends give rise to the English for Specific Purpose (ESP). ESP is an approach to delivering content knowledge and equipping the learners to perform effectively in a target situation. This study aims to investigate the challenges and the obstacles in the English for Science classroom at King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This paper explains the historical overview of ESP and suitable methods of teaching ESP courses. A quantitative research methodology has been applied to obtain data from 20 English language teachers who have been teaching English for Science for the past five years or more on different Science campuses at KKU. The detailed analysis of the data reveals that there are numerous crises and issues faced by the ESP teachers. The most common of them is motivation on the part of the students, constructive prerequisite courses, lack of learning skills, and an interactive classroom. The researchers have explored these challenges in detail and finally suggested some guidelines to overcome the crises.

Mastering English: A Comprehensive Guide to Learning, Speaking and Teaching Effectively for University Student

The research guide to learning, speaking, and teaching effectively for university students has a purpose to improve students speaking skill and used qualitative descriptive which data from interviews 3 students on some university. It discusses about mastering English exactly on speaking skills in university. In the university, students must possess English standards or English proficiency the teacher only delivers material and topics in writting, and it is difficult to imagine. In this case, the researcher tries to explain the gap in information activities of students speaking skills. The students who answer the interview and tried to describe 3 topics on the cards some of them continuously transferred the written and oral and several of them had barrier such as vocabularies, pronunciation, grammar, accent. In the classroom use communication language teaching approach that mean student center as learner and guide so is the topic from them, the teacher is only as control the role of class. Student has success for communication and build up the vocabularies, accent, grammatical and pronunciation are similar with foreigner

Using Content and Language Integrated Learning Approach and The Task-Based Language Teaching Approach to Teach Grammar in The English as a Second Language Classroom

Language is a hallmark and the most enduring artefact of any community, playing a significant role in social interaction and the transmission of social values. Among the various approaches in language teaching, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) have consistently been at the forefront of research, receiving significant attention from practitioners and policymakers in Sri Lanka. This study investigates whether the use of TBLT and CLIL in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms enhances grammar learning. It aims to answer the research questions: a) “How do the CLIL and TBLT approaches enhance grammar teaching in ESL classrooms?” and b) “What are the perspectives of English teachers and learners on the use of CLIL and TBLT approaches in teaching grammar in ESL classrooms?” The study tests the hypothesis that TBLT is more effective than CLIL in teaching English grammar. The study involved sixty participants from one batch and two lecturers. Data were collected using pretest and posttest papers, semi-structured interviews, and open-ended questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS and thematic analysis. The findings indicated that both TBLT and CLIL positively impact grammar learning, with TBLT emerging as the more effective approach. Perceptions of these approaches highlighted learner interest and the challenges of incorporating these methods in the classroom.