Language Register Research Articles

사용역에 따른 가능 표현의 사용 양상 연구 - ‘-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다’를 중심으로 -

사용역에 따른 가능 표현의 사용 양상 연구 - ‘-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다’를 중심으로 -

Soppangheid for Kaaps: Power, creolisation and Kaaps Afrikaans

In this contribution, the dignity of speakers of Cape Afrikaans (Kaaps) is discussed withreference to the need for bi-dialectic tuition at school and Afrikaans poetry writtenin the Cape eye dialect. It is argued here that, besides Standard Afrikaans, a greaterawareness of language varieties must be cultivated in education and the media sothat learners develop the ability to control a variety of language registers. Further themanifestation of Kaaps, as eye dialect, is discussed at the hand of poetry examples.Here it is found that poets often stereotypically affirm topics in their poetry writtenin dialect format. The hope is expressed that the dignity of Kaaps Afrikaans in poetrycan be attained with multiple rhetorical strategies. The soppangheid, dignity, of Kaapsis not only a linguistic issue, but can also serve as a confirmation of the dignity of allAfrikaans speakers.

Assessing teachers’ use of language and their teaching quality

PurposeUnderstanding the contribution of the use of proper language to thinking development and learning processes, served as the basis of this study. The purpose of this study is to learn from parents, teachers and teacher-trainees whether their view of efficient teaching also relies on the teacher’s use of proper language.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 308 teacher-trainees, teachers and parents participated in this mixed-method study. Completing a questionnaire with open and closed questions, they were asked to rate a teacher’s professionalism via a written reflection, thereby gauging their perspectives in regard to important teacher characteristics.FindingsThe main finding was that teachers’ intercultural knowledge and understanding of their students’ diversity were perceived as significantly more important than their language register. Participants did not argue that language was not important, but did not necessarily refer to it while assessing the teacher’s professionalism. No significant differences were found between the chosen three groups of participants.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study included a large number of participants, it is the first of its type. As far as is known, no other study has been published in regard to people evaluating teachers’ professionalism on the basis of their language level as expressed in written reflections.Originality/valueFrom previous studies, it is taken for granted that people will evaluate teachers’ professionalism according to the language they use. Nevertheless, this study presents different perspectives that might allow the development of different and teaching and assessments methods.

Modellierung sprachlicher Anforderungen in Testaufgaben verschiedener Unterrichtsfächer: Theoretische und empirische Grundlagen

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a growing interest in the relationship between academic language registers and school success in the German-speaking education system. However, we still know very little about the actual effects that academic language has on the academic performance of students, for instance, in how far the extent to which academic language is used in subject tasks actually makes these tasks more difficult. It is therefore highly vital that any operationalization of difficulty-inducing linguistic features of tasks is made on solid theoretical and empirical grounds. The purpose of this article is thus to present the linguistic foundation used in an interdisciplinary empirical study in which 1.346 7thand 8thgraders solved a set of subject-oriented tasks from Maths, Physics, German, PE and Music, while the degree of linguistic demands in the tasks was systematically varied. First, the theoretical and empirical research on linguistic difficulty from a range of research discourses is discussed. The findings are merged into a model of linguistic demands. Its operationalization is then illustrated in three linguistically varied versions of the subject-specific tasks. Finally, an outlook on preliminary results of the empirical study is given, which indicate that the categories used in the model actually do produce differences in subject-task difficulty, even though there are a number of effects that need further investigation.

Legitimate bilingual competence in the making: Bilingual performance and investment of Korean-English bilinguals

Because global migration and mobility have increasingly blurred boundaries, questions of authenticity have become more complex than ever, and the issue of what constitutes “real” versus “fake” language practices and language users has become increasingly important. The newly emerging images of imposters associated with bilingualism and transnationalism have put bilingual and multilingual language users in a fragile position, where bilingual displays can summon the damaging image of inauthentic bilingualism and frame them as imposters who try to articulate their alleged modernity by mimicking other “reals.” Focusing on the issue of authenticity, this ethnographic study explores how Korean-English bilinguals navigate and respond to the newly emerging images of imposters associated with bilingualism and transnationalism. In particular, I examine the case of 20 South Korean graduate students in the USA who have both advanced English language proficiency and native Korean language proficiency. Because they are in a relatively advantageous position in being able to flexibly use both the Korean and English languages and to employ a variety of linguistic resources, their bilingual practices and performance provide an excellent example of the ways in which bilingual language users locate their social positioning through the selective production of ideological representations or language registers associated with images of inauthentic bilingualism. The findings highlight the agentive role of bilingual and multilingual language users in participating in the reconfiguration of what counts as legitimate bilingual competence and performance, and in making a very calculative investment in distancing themselves from particular types of language registers, language competences, and models of personhoods associated with inauthentic Korean-English bilinguals. These findings present a challenge to traditional research in the fields of second language studies, and applied linguistics, and urges researchers to look at the actual language practice of bilingual users who actively participate in the process of developing sense-making discourses.

About the Stylistic Adaptation of Turkish Loanwords in Macedonian

In a long period of their developmental paths, the Balkan languages have been in continuous contact with each other and have had mutual interference, by which their linguistic structures in a large extent have approximated with the aim of a better intelligibility among the speakers of those languages. Within the lexis, the Turkish language played a dominant role primarily because of the 500-year reign of the Ottoman Empire. All the Balkan languages, especially the Macedonian language, enriched their lexical fund with a large number of Turkish loanwords from all domains of human life. Some of the words made one's way into the domain of archaic and dialectical lexis, however one group of words remained functional in contemporary expressions. Within this text, several Turkish lexical loanwords in the Macedonian language are scrutinized, as well as by analyzing examples, their shift in the stylistic register and increased expressiveness within the contemporary Macedonian language are analyzed. The analyzed examples are from author's personal corpora and are collected through the oral communication, print and digital media. Selected examples will serve to analyze and to prove semantic and stylistic shift in the spoken register of the contemporary Macedonian language.

The Effect of Language on Political Appeal: Results from a Survey Experiment in Thailand

Politicians have long engaged in marketing themselves by employing distinct speaking styles to signal social standing, competence, or a shared background with their audience. What effect does this use of different language appeals have on voter opinion? Utilizing a survey experiment in Thailand, I test a set of hypotheses about the effect of language on respondent opinions. Relying on three distinct treatments, a formal language register, an informal language register, and an ethnic language, I demonstrate the multiple effects of language on political appeal. The use of a formal register has mixed effects, signaling both high education as well as preparation for national office while also creating social distance between the speaker and audience. An informal register and the ethnic tongue both signal kinship ties to listeners, with the ethnic tongue having a much more profound effect. The results also show that an ethnic overture has greater electoral appeal than formal speech. These findings highlight the causal effect language has in shaping political opinions and illustrate the varied impacts of linguistic hierarchies on political appeal.

HOW TO PROMOTE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING

Promoting students’ critical thinking in Armenian universities is not an easy task and this can be explained historically. In the past it was not a usual practice for students to challenge the views of professors, lectures being usually taken without retorting or questioning. Though some radical changes have taken place in the Armenian educational system during the last two or three decades, the old tradition is still preserved in some national universities. The aim of the present paper is to show what strategies can be applied to promote university students’ critical thinking, particularly in theoretical classes. The strategies chosen for this purpose include: psychological preparation, stimulating interest, identifying the problem, suggesting related sources, evaluating the problem indirectly, solving the problem independently, making cross-linguistic references, mastering scientific language register. A survey was conducted to assess the level of the students’ critical thinking during Theoretical English Grammar Course. The results show that out of 34 students involved in the survey only 35 % could actually display critical thinking ability, the rest making tentative, probing steps only.

언어사용역을 활용한 공학 텍스트의 탐색과 분석

This research aims to explore characteristics of ‘engineering writing’(often called, ‘technical writing for engineers’) as well as analyze texts written in the related field based on language register. Three main components utilized in this study are concerned with ‘field of discourse’, ‘mode of discourse’ and ‘tenor of discourse’. It is generally known that ‘engineering writing’ is related to two key competencies. The first is the ability to understand technical language in related fields and the second is being able to express their knowledge in a clear, concise, and coherent way. Even though engineers are a great of technical knowledge and technical people, that does not necessarily mean they are good enough technical writers to convey important outcomes. Recently, domestic and overseas studies regarding engineering writing and related texts have focused on WAC or WID. However, there is still a lack of systematic researches on education contents, teaching methods, and case studies about lecture practice in the field of engineering writing. Therefore, various studies and discussions are still needed. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, various textuals related to ‘field of discourse’ could be extracted as the IMRAD format, discourse purpose and technical terms, etc. and their more sophisticated analysis is required. Secondly, according to ‘mode of discourse’, engineering writing and texts belongs to the text type with literacy, opposed to orality. Third, regarding ‘tenor of discourse’, engineering texts made use of the relationship between the addresser and the addressee, in terms of ‘formal’ and ‘impersonal’ distinctions. Through the results of this study, it is recommended that extended engineering texts should be analyzed in more detail.

Parental discourses of language ideology and linguistic identity in multilingual Finland

ABSTRACTFinland is officially a bilingual country but it is in practice multilingual. In the current study, we examined how mothers and fathers of mixed-language families linguistically identified themselves and others, and how ideological discourses and concepts historically and socially situated in Finland circulated through the parents’ talk. The parents of three families in which at least Finnish, Swedish and English were used on a daily basis were interviewed. A discourse nexus approach showed that the concept of ‘mother tongue(s)’ played a central role and that although all family members were in practice multilingual, there was a strong tendency across the couples to identify themselves and others as monolingual. Bilingualism was identified with Finnish-Swedish rather than other languages and a native discourse expressed bilingual identity as granted by birth rather than acquired later. The discourses could be traced back to official language registration procedures, the educational system in Finland, as well as to parents’ own lived experiences. The study illustrates the intricate relationships between language ideologies and how linguistic identities are created and performed among parents, and it pinpoints the need for further studies on how linguistic identities are passed on to and experienced by children along their life trajectories.

Register dalam Interaksi Waria di Kabupaten Lombok Timur

This study aimed to describe the transgender language registers in East Lombok regency, in accordance with the problems: (a) the form of the language registers used by ransgender, (b) the meaning of the transgender language register, (c) the function of the use of the transgender language register. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research. Techniques of data collection is done by tapping technique, consider involve ably, and record. While the data analysis technique is done by reviewing data, classifying data, analysis and drawing conclusions. Data validity is obtained by triangulation of data. Based on the results of the analysis of the registers in the interaction of transgender language in East Lombok regency, can be drawn conclusion that is: first, the form of transgender language registers can be classified into two that is besed on source and relationship. Second, the meaning of the transgender language registers include between words interpreted with meaningful words. The word is interpreted as a word used to express the intention, while the word meaning is the word that became the intent. as in the word Dendong><Dandan word grooming and dangled with the word dendong and dendong word meaning word grooming. Third, the function of the use of transgender language registers are self and group identity, attitude change, pride and confidence. Keywords : form, meaning, and function, transgender language register.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОНЕТИЧНОЇ НОРМИ СУЧАСНОЇ ФРАНЦУЗЬКОЇ МОВИ

This article deals with the tendencies of choosing suitable pronunciation model within the limits of the functioning of the French phonetic norm. Studies the sound composition of the language on the base of the research of the accent and the intonation of the territorial and the social dialects and functional varieties of the language. Analyzes works devoted to the study of dialect peculiarities of the intonation. Generalizes the theoretical information about the sound composition of the language and the intonation that are discussed in the special French scientific literature. Determinate the modifications of phonetic norm of modern French language, dialect intonation peculiarities in a particular register of language and certain social groups. Follows functional changes of the intonation. Explains the relation between the accent and the intonational peculiarities of regional dialects. Attention is drawn to the rhythm, accent distribution, tempo and length variations, to the dependence of rhythmic groups of semantic and syntactic combinability phrase parts, speech tempo, the degree of preparedness and the text maturity of extra-linguistic situation, the degree of the emotional expression color. Studies the dependence of the rhythmic groups length of the type of speech, of pauses impact on the speech tempo. Analyzes the spontaneous dialogue in different linguistic registers.

From English learner to Spanish learner: raciolinguistic beliefs that influence heritage Spanish speaking teacher candidates

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study explored Spanish-speaking teacher credential students’ beliefs about academic language that might promote or inhibit their decision to become bilingual teachers. Data includes interviews with 11 bilingual teacher candidates who were heritage Spanish speakers. Findings show that most were only aware of English-only educational contexts and did not know that bilingual teaching and the bilingual authorization pathway were options. Their schooling experience fostered English hegemony; even their Spanish classes were pervaded by linguistic purism and elitism. Schools taught them that their registers of Spanish, which they learned at home, were insufficient, inappropriate or incorrect. Consequently, they questioned their ability to become bilingual teachers. Language register and social class were intimately connected in the data. Participants viewed bilingual education as a pathway toward more equitable educational opportunities for Latinx students. Implications include the need for bilingual teacher preparation to address critical sociolinguistics concepts that explore the relationships between language, race and ethnicity in education. Future research is needed to explore how heritage Spanish speaking bilingual teachers enact their beliefs about equity through bilingual education, the challenges they face, and the ways that teacher education programs and professional development providers could support their work.

Learning the languages of technology: Multilingualism in Indonesian vocational secondary education

In Indonesia, we can consider vocational secondary education as being in the front lines of global contact, in which youth as students directly face the demands of globalized industries and labor markets. Within vocational high schools, the use of multiple languages often plays an important yet unrecognized part of vocational training. This paper will discuss, based on ethnographic data collected in 2013 from two vocational schools in Semarang, the way in which students use multiple languages, mainly English, Indonesian, and Javanese, as part of their process of learning vocational skills. The main argument of the paper is that vocational schools teach students a specific technical variety or register of language, which combines parts or sometimes fragments of multiple languages, often for the purpose of technical vocational competence and not necessarily for the development of linguistic competence. This results in a form of “segmented competence” (Blommaert and Omoniyi 2006). However, youth as students can use this technical register to not only localize global forms of technological practice in their learning processes but also to participate, albeit marginally, in the global or transnational technology-based communities of practice of their vocational program.Keywords: multilingualism; globalization; youth; vocational high school

Who is the authority? The study of language registers and ideologies in two mother tongue classes in Copenhagen

Abstract This article investigates encounters between the two overall language resources – standard vs. non-standard and regional varieties – in two linguistic minority communities in Denmark. Concentrating on Turkish and Farsi mother tongue classes, the study departs from two interviews with the parents of mother tongue students. Additional ethnographic evidence from the respective mother tongue classes show when and how the two overall varieties of the respective languages are reacted to and valorized among the study participants. Two main issues are explored in this context: first, language ideological paradigms of dominance – anonymity and authenticity – and, second, the extension and expansion of language users’ ideologies regarding registers of language. The article concludes that during the encounters and discussions concerning ideological views supporting either of the overall language resources, a form for authority exists and becomes oriented to in line with the history of language policy of the countries of origin.

MAJAS SARKASME DALAM PENULISAN KOMENTAR PADA “WARTAWAN SENIOR BONGKAR KEBUSUKAN ANTASARI, NASRUDIN DAN PERMAINAN JAHAT PDIP”

EdyA Effendi is a senior journalist who wrote comment about AntasariAzhar, Nasrudin and PDIP’s engage in some evils. Antasari Azhar is a former head of Corruption Fight Commission who was arrested and sentenced for 18 years punishment. The ex of KPK has been free from prison in debating program of couple of candidate of Jakarta Province Governor election on January 2, 2017. Antasari’s chatter got responses from social media users. Many of the written comments about AntasariAzhar are negative. This article aims at describing the form of figurative and language registers language register that used in expressing sarcasm metaphor in the comments of article “Wartawan Senior Bongkar Kebusukan Antasari, Nasrudin dan Permainan Jahat PDIP (Senior Journalist Reveals Antasari’s Evil, Nasrudin And PDIP’s Engage In Some Evils)” (www.idnusa.com).This study was carried out from January to April 2017. The method used is qualitative descriptive method.The data was analyzed by using discourse analysis technique.The result of the study shows that sarcasm metaphor that used in article to be data in the form of words and phrase. The type of words that used is adjectives, nouns and verbs. Besides, the language register used is based on the meaning and the language used. Language register based on meaning can be differed to be metaphor such as hoping, cursing, appealing and expressing. The language registers used are regional languages and foreign languages

Die privilegienurkunden Kaiser Alexios’ III. Angelos fur das Chilandar-Kloster (1198, 1199): Palaographisch-diplomatisches resumee im kontext der urkunden der Angeloi-Kaiser

The Serbian history of the monastery Chilandariu starts with two preserved privileges, addressed to the monks Symeon and Sabas, the former Great Župan of Serbia Stefan Nemanja and his son Rusticus. The texts have undergone their historical analysis and are basic for the history of the Serbian influence on Mount Athos. A critical edition of both documents with black-white photos is published in the collection of the Archives de l’Athos. Still missing is a mere diplomatic analysis of the documents, how the Byzantine Emperor and his chancery judged the value and importance of these documents. Indicators are the language register (and rhetorisation) and the script. To elaborate this aspect, the two privileges are examined in comparison of the other documents of the imperial chancery under the dynasty of the Angeloi.

II. Xenophon's Thought and Style

This chapter places Xenophon's systematic and comprehensive thought about the ordering of self and society in the context of his lived experience. Xenophon lived through the turbulent reordering of the Greek world as its greatest city, Athens, adjusted to its defeat in the Peloponnesian War and to the continuing contest for hegemony. In the past, he has been criticized for failings in his method, for falling short of modern disciplinary norms of historiography and philosophy. But where the scientific turn of historiography in the nineteenth century and the analytic turn of philosophy in the twentieth century caused scholars to treat Xenophon as a lesser author and thinker than Thucydides and Plato respectively, more recent scholarly developments, from the close readings of Straussians to the deployment of literary theoretical approaches such as historicism and narratology, have led to a better understanding of his distinctive achievement. The second section of this chapter uses new critical approaches to examine key features of Xenophon's prose style, ranging from its display in narrative set-piece scenes to his artful deployment of elevated rhetorical registers of language and dramatic irony. It explores his use of exemplarity to inform and educate the elite, the kaloi kagathoi, ‘gentlemen of quality’, who appear to have been his primary intended audience.

Positive and negative politeness in spoken Lithuanian

The aim of the research is to discuss the means of expression of positive and negative politeness in prepared and spontaneous spoken language. The research is based on the speech-act theory by Searle (1976) and the theory of positive and negative politeness by Brown and Levinson (1978, 2009). The research data are conversations from the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian, which comprise semi-formal and formal communication in the media, academic discourse, and spontaneous communication in service domains. In total, the research data consist of 144,893 words. The research demonstrates that different politeness strategies are employed in different spoken language registers.

A Study on the Usage of Tense for teaching Korean Langauge - Focusing on analysis of the distribution and discourse function by language register -

A Study on the Usage of Tense for teaching Korean Langauge - Focusing on analysis of the distribution and discourse function by language register -