Language Of Scientific Communication Research Articles

Principles of creating an electronic dictionary of grammatical terms

The development of science and technology, the activation of scientific communication, and the sharp increase in the volume of scientific and technical information have focused the attention of scientists on conducting theoretical, practical and analytical researches on the language of scientific communication, and as a first step in this, creating field terminological dictionaries, improving and automating existing dictionaries. The growing role of science in the world civilization, the increase in the amount of collected, processed and disseminated knowledge showed the necessity of conducting new researches in the field of terminology and terminography. It is known that the creation, systematization, automation of the base of field terms, their reflection in a compatible corpus, which is considered one of the core issues of modern and applied linguistics, and the determination of the position of the terms of their own layer in it, will serve as a source for further research in this direction.

Undergraduates’ Perception on their English Learning Process: Preliminary Step toward “Foundations of Social Studies” CLIL-Based Material Development

Abstract: English has emerged as the language of scientific communication (Björkman, 2011; Jenkins, 2006). Given the significance of English, in addition to ESP courses that have been incorporated in university curriculum, the CLIL method can be one of the choices for improving students' English mastery. Before implementing CLIL and creating the necessary resources, a comprehensive investigation is required to determine the ‘what' and ‘how' the content, curriculum, assessment, and evaluation will be produced (Flowerdew, 2013). Prior to developing “Fundamental of Social Studies” CLIL-based content, this research intends to analyse several aspects. It investigates: (1) the significance students place on grammar, vocabulary, and language skills in the English learning process; (2) the students' preferences in English learning activities; and (3) the language components that students improved the most. Students in the Social Studies Program were given a survey. The implication based on the findings is that future material developments are recommended to include audio-materials, pay more attention to speaking activities, and incorporate more diverse grammar activities. Moreover, the type of activities involved are suggested to include group work as it is favoured by the students; especially for speaking performance. Group speaking performance is preferred then the individual one for it lessen the anxiety.
 
 
 Keywords: CLIL, Need Analysis, Material Development, ESP, Social Studies

El valor del idioma español en ciencia y tecnología

We analyse the specific weight of the Spanish as a primary language in scientific journals published in Spain and Latin American countries, as well as through the global scientific output covered by the main bibliographic databases of international coverage. The study highlights the importance of the Spanish as a language of scientific communication in certain disciplinary areas linked on the one hand to socio-economic regional interests of Spanish-speaking countries, as it is the case of Clinical medicine, Geology and Environment, and, on the other, to certain scientific fields of the Social sciences and Humanities, as it is the case of the Regional economy, the Literature, the History of Ibero-American countries, etc. This study aims to contribute to the better knowledge and understanding of the real and potential value of the Spanish in the scientific world, with regard to the appropriate use of this resource for the development of our societies, and its cultural and economic projection at the international level.

Spanish: A Language for Scientific and Technical Communication

Spanish:A Language for Scientific and Technical Communication Oscar A. Pérez Keywords curriculum/currículo, Spanish for the Professions/español para profesiones, Spanish for Science and Technology/español para ciencias y tecnología, Spanish for Specific Purposes/español para fines específicos, technical Spanish/español técnico Response 1 to "Spanish for the Professions and Specific Purposes: Curricular Mainstay" In the last two decades, the demand for a curriculum that reflects the diverse needs of language learners has furthered the growth of SSP (Spanish for Specific Purposes) programs and courses across the United States, especially in areas such as law, business, and medicine (Sánchez-López 2010). And, as suggested in the article at hand, "collaborative curricular opportunities with STEM" are expected to grow in upcoming years, in fact, the expansion to scientific and technological fields was proposed to be the next natural step of SSP curricular offerings almost two decades ago (Branan 1998: 5). However, the question of what form will these collaborations take is critical, in a time where it has been stated that "English is not only the dominant form of international scientific publication and oral communication at conferences and in multinational laboratories—it is almost always the only language of such communication" (Gordin 2015: 293). Although overly generalizing, such a declaration highlights the perception that languages other than English have a peripheral role when it comes to scientific applications, raising questions about the future of Spanish for Science and Technology (SST) education. In this respect, two volumes are key to understand the challenges and prospects of Spanish as a language of scientific communication: El español, lengua para la ciencia y la tecnología (Arias-Salgado Rosby et al. 2009), and the more recent El español, lengua de comunicación científica (García Delgado, Alonso, and Jiménez 2013). Both collections describe the state of the language in contemporary science, drawing attention to the significant number of publications in Spanish, especially in the health sciences and other experimental fields. Furthermore, many authors seem to agree on the important role that Spanish plays, and will continue to play, in the dissemination of scientific and technological knowledge. In addition, it soon becomes clear that when most scholars talk about ciencia, they are discussing a broader domain than that defined by the term "science," which often refers to the physical sciences exclusively (Gordin 2015: 3). As a result, and taking the evolution of Spanish for the Health Professions (SHP) as a model (Hardin 2015), SST offerings in the United States will most likely focus on one or more of the following areas: 1). Technical translation and interpretation, to address the specialized needs of such professionals in an era of digital globalization. 2). Technical communication among peers, to facilitate the flow of knowledge across linguistic borders. 3). Communication of science and technology, to foster scientific literacy and the public dissemination of scientific and technological knowledge. [End Page 102] In terms of pedagogical models that could support such offerings, possible approaches include content-based instruction and languages across the curriculum (Klee and Barnes-Karol 2006), along with project-based (García González and Veiga Díaz 2015) and service-based learning (Sánchez-López 2013), either as part of stand-alone SSP certificates, as proposed in Doyle (2017), or within more general programs. And although colleges and universities are natural settings for this SSP development, one can also expect private-sector initiatives, as more and more scientists, engineers, communicators, and policy makers see the value of SST education. If we are to truly embrace cultural competence in a globalized world, the science and technology domain of language learning cannot be ignored. Oscar A. Pérez Skidmore College WORKS CITED Arias-Salgado Rosby, María José, Montaña Cámara Hurtado, Begoña Granadino Goenechea, José Antonio López Cerezo, Daniel Martín Mayorga, Luis Plaza Gómez, Verónica Vivanco Cervero, eds. (2009). El español, lengua para la ciencia y la tecnología: Presente y perspectivas de futuro. Alcalá de Henares: Instituto Cervantes, Santillana. Print. Google Scholar Branan, A. G. (1998). "Preface: Part I." Spanish and Portuguese for Business and...

English as "Lingua Franca" and the Internationalization of Academe

English has become the major language of scientific communication, and to a lesser extent, teaching worldwide. Using data from a international study of the academic profession, this article discusses some of the themes, positive and negative, of the role of "global English.

Communicating science in international English: scholarly journals, publication praxis, language domain loss and benefits

The leading role of English as the international language of scientific communication has been extensively studied. Available data show that English exerts powerful effects in publication praxis since the use of a common idiom, or Lingua Franca, serves two main assets: to gain international visibility, funding and career advancement and to cater for the worldwide communication of ideas among subjects with different linguistic backgrounds. Aim of this paper is to discuss contemporary publication praxis following specific datasets: the growth of scholarly journals, the publication output in English compared to other national languages, how this situation affects communication in writing and in reading for scholarly research.

Jezik znanstvene komunikacije

Cilj je rada istražiti i predstaviti najčešće konceptualizacijske mehanizme u opažanju i opisivanju znanstvenih fenomena koji omogućuju uspješnu i učinkovitu razmjenu informacija na razini komunikacije između znanstvene zajednice i 'publike', ali i na razini komunikacije unutar same znanstvene zajednice u području informacijskih znanosti. Primjena konceptualizacijskih mehanizama u jeziku informacijskih znanosti predstavljena je na čestim, gotovo svakodnevno korištenim pojmovima, kao što su baza podataka, gadget-utrka, informacijska arhitektura, intelektualno vlasništvo, revolucija tiska, računalni virus, umjetni život i sl. Praćeno je opažanje i opisivanje takvih pojmova kako u popularnom diskursu (primjerice na različitim mrežnim stranicama) tako i u dostupnoj znanstvenoj i stručnoj literaturi. Rad se sastoji od četiri dijela. Nakon općenitog uvodnog dijela o jeziku znanstvene komunikacije, redom se predstavljaju teorija konceptualne metafore, teorija konceptualne integracije i znanstveni model. Svaki je konceptualizacijski mehanizam popraćen analizom konkretnih primjera iz jezika informacijskih znanosti. Budući da je područje informacijskih znanosti pod stalnim utjecajem tehnoloških promjena i razvoja suvremene informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije, često se uočavaju novi i različiti fenomeni koji traže novi misaoni okvir u procesu opažanja te nove načine jezične artikulacije u procesu njihova opisivanja i komuniciranja znanstvenoj i neznanstvenoj publici. Temeljni je doprinos rada upravo prikaz i analiza nekolicine primjera uočenih novih misaonih okvira i novih načina jezične artikulacije u popularnom i znanstvenom diskursu jezika informacijske znanosti.

Science through Sepedi: Is Terminologisation a Worthwhile Venture?

The terminologisation of the African languages has been hotly debated for more than a decade, yet little progress has been made in devising strategies to guide this process. The following are among the indicators that the time is ripe to realise the ideal of terminologisation: the lack of success thus far achieved in facilitating scientific knowledge through non-mother-tongue education; the existence of a noteworthy stock of technical terms in the African languages; and the positive attitudes of educators towards the use of the mother tongue, especially in rural areas. These indicators are backed up by statistics on pass rates for Physical Science in the Northern Province; the results of an attitude/opinion survey among teachers of Science in this region; lexical data obtained from an empirical survey as well as from an independent source. The results of the research seem to validate terminologisation of Sepedi from an educational point of view. It is, however, realised that the attitudes and perceptions of other stakeholders such as pupils and parents need to be taken into account when recommendations are made with regard to sensitive issues such as terminologisation and the language of scientific communication.

Changes in publication languages and citation practices and their effect on the scientific impact of Russian science (1993–2010)

This article analyzes the effects of publication language on the international scientific visibility of Russia using the Web of Science (WoS). Like other developing and transition countries, it is subject to a growing pressure to “internationalize” its scientific activities, which primarily means a shift to English as a language of scientific communication. But to what extent does the transition to English improve the impact of research? The case of Russia is of interest in this respect as the existence of many combinations of national journals and languages of publications (namely, Russian and English, including translated journals) provide a kind of natural I experiment to test the effects of language and publisher's country on the international visibility of research through citations as well as on the referencing practices of authors. Our analysis points to the conclusion that the production of original English‐language papers in foreign journals is a more efficient strategy of internationalization than the mere translation of domestic journals. If the objective of a country is to maximize the international visibility of its scientific work, then the efforts should go into the promotion of publication in reputed English‐language journals to profit from the added effect provided by the Matthew effect of these venues.

The declining status of Italian as a language of scientific communication and the issue of diglossia in scientific communities

Like other European national languages, Italian is rapidly losing prestige in favor of English, both in national and international scientific communication. Clear signs of this declining status can be noted in particular in national and international scientific literature (research papers, editorials, etc.) in terms of language policy and usage. This paper will discuss: i) the growing impact of written texts and active biliteracy in science; ii) the meaning and the general implications of the changing language policies of Italian scientific journals; iii) diglossia in scientific communication. This particular type of diglossia has already been mentioned by many researchers and it will be compared here to the classical and the broader meaning of the notion of diglossia. Such a comparison aims to understand whether it is appropriate to apply the label of “diglossia” also to this specific type of functional compartmentalization of codes. The crucial role of biliteracy will be examined within the Italian context, which will also be compared to the Swedish one. This study concludes that, despite significant differences in the progress rate of their status loss, national languages such as Italian (and the languages of other European scientific communities) seem to witness major language displacements in favor of English in science, higher education and other élite domains.

Scholarly Publishing in Western Europe and Great Britain

Postwar Europe has produced a phenomenon of special interest to scholars and scientists: the use of English as the universal language of scientific communication. In the Netherlands, Scandinavia and Germany, scholarly books and journals are published in English. Huge publishing conglomerates have proliferated, all based on the English language. This medium for presenting knowledge and ideas to a world market has been an essential element of the unprecedented growth of scientific knowledge in our generation. Two other modern elements, the computer and the photocopying machine, have contributed to this growth. Now the computer and the photocopier threaten to destroy copyright—the essential basis for successful publishing— and are forcing traditional scholarly media such as monographs, proceedings publications and specialized journals out of business. Consideration is given to the possible end result that the computer and the photocopier may stifle the traditional forms of communication upon which the scientific community depends. Europe is the first arena in which an accommodation will be reached if the results of scholarship are to be unimpeded.