Language Interoperability Research Articles

Thetis-SWAN: A Python-interfaced wave–current interactions coupled system

Wave–Current Interactions (WCI) emerge in nearshore coastal areas, prompting the development of coupled modelling systems to simulate these phenomena. We present a new multi-scale parallelised Python-interfaced WCI coupled system adopting a component-based approach enabling model-component integration without inhibiting their respective development. The underlying principles emphasise model equitability, flexibility and language interoperability. The hybrid model comprises the spectral wave model SWAN and the 2-D shallow-water equation model, Thetis. The coupling is performed through the Basic Model Interface. The coupled WCI model is the first to employ a Python interface, while maintaining the efficiency of different lower-level compiled programming languages, Fortran for SWAN and C for Thetis. We discuss the system implementation, architecture, and underlying physics considered. The coastal waters of Duck, NC, serve as a practical demonstration in simulating WCI. We then elaborate on the rationale for the coupled system design to inform the development of coupled modelling frameworks for environmental systems.

Modular Denotational Semantics for Effects with Guarded Interaction Trees

We present guarded interaction trees — a structure and a fully formalized framework for representing higher-order computations with higher-order effects in Coq, inspired by domain theory and the recently proposed interaction trees. We also present an accompanying separation logic for reasoning about guarded interaction trees. To demonstrate that guarded interaction trees provide a convenient domain for interpreting higher-order languages with effects, we define an interpretation of a PCF-like language with effects and show that this interpretation is sound and computationally adequate; we prove the latter using a logical relation defined using the separation logic. Guarded interaction trees also allow us to combine different effects and reason about them modularly. To illustrate this point, we give a modular proof of type soundness of cross-language interactions for safe interoperability of different higher-order languages with different effects. All results in the paper are formalized in Coq using the Iris logic over guarded type theory.

Implementation of Python Interoperability in Java through TCP Socket Communication

Programming language interoperability is highly desirable for a variety of reasons, such as the fact that if a programmer implements specific functionality that has previously been implemented in another language, the software component can simply be reused. Because they are particularly well-suited and efficient at implementing features, certain languages regularly arise to handle issue areas. There are numerous third-party programs available for a variety of languages. When programmers have experience with and preferences for several programming languages, collaboration on complex projects is easier. A range of techniques and methods have been used to handle various cross-language communication challenges. The importance of interoperability and cross-language communication between Java and Python via socket programming is examined in this research article through an empirical model of different execution environment paradigms that can help guide the development of improved approaches for integrating Python libraries with Java without the need for extra libraries or third-party libraries. The interoperability strategy benefits from the quality and availability of Python libraries in Java by cutting down on development time, maintenance needs, general usability, upkeep, and system integration without incurring additional costs. It is versatile to use this interoperability strategy since identical scripts are run in Java client contexts in the same way that they were used in Python. There are different Python modules used in the research article to exemplify and evaluate the expressions, built-in functions, strings, collections, data exploration, statistical data analysis using NumPy, SciPy, and Pandas, and Scikit-Learn for machine learning with linear regression.

The CLARIN infrastructure as an interoperable language technology platform for SSH and beyond

AbstractCLARIN is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium developing and providing a federated and interoperable platform to support scientists in the field of the Social Sciences and Humanities in carrying-out language-related research. This contribution provides an overview of the entire infrastructure with a particular focus on tool interoperability, ease of access to research data, tools and services, the importance of sharing knowledge within and across (national) communities, and community building. By taking into account FAIR principles from the very beginning, CLARIN succeeded in becoming a successful example of a research infrastructure that is actively used by its members. The benefits CLARIN members reap from their infrastructure secure a future for their common good that is both sustainable and attractive to partners beyond the original target groups.

Assessment of Statewide Communication Interoperability Plans (SCIP) Across the United States Using the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Interoperability Markers

Introduction:The complexity of disaster management is rising because of rapidly advancing technological changes and the challenges associated with coordinating responses among multi-organizational contexts. One of the common problems with multi-organizational disaster management is the need for an interoperability language. Therefore, by maintaining effective communication, risk can be reduced, and lives can be saved in times of crisis. The United States SCIPs represent one of the solutions used to achieve a culture of better interoperability. In 2019, The National Council of Statewide Interoperability Coordinators (NCSWIC) and CISA collaborated to create a tool that identified 25 Interoperability Markers. This tool is integrated with SCIPs to increase interoperability and serves as a national framework to describe interoperability maturity at the state levels.Method:This is a descriptive study documenting each state's 25 interoperability markers and analyzing common gaps and successes. Two methods were used for collecting data. First, an online search for each state's SCIP. Then, an email was sent to all state's Statewide Interoperability Coordinators (SWIC) to request the most recent update of that state’s SCIP. Data were collected from October 1-31, 2022 and exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp; Redmond, Washington, USA) for descriptive statistics and analysis.Results:The level of interoperability maturity across the United States is 66%. The governance level in the interoperability continuum scored the highest across states with 76.4%. While the other levels of the interoperability continuum like technology, training and exercise, and interstate emergency communication scored 63.5%, 64%, and 60% respectively.Conclusion:This study identifies a high level of interoperability maturity across the United States at the governance level. It is essential to continue to improve interstate interoperability through compatible technological solutions and multi-agency training. Finally, further research on interoperability markers is needed to enhance multi-agency emergency response.

Knowledge and Digitalization: a way to improve safety of Road and Highway Infrastructures

This paper, with reference to the activity of the National Agency for the Safety of Rails and Road and Highway Infrastructures (ANSFISA), describes the application of digital methods and tools (BIM modeling; collaboration platforms, Machine Learning / Artificial Intelligence, Digital Twin, etc.) for the management of existing road infrastructure networks, on the basis of the principles contained in the current Italian Guidelines for risk classification and management, safety assessment and monitoring of existing bridges.The safety of infrastructures passes through the digitization of processes and tools aimed primarily at the knowledge of the assets, the evaluation of the risks (structural-foundational, seismic, hydrogeological) and the conscious optimal decisions. The optimal decision making have to be based on structured, quantitative and reliable information. The Agency's objective is to improve the digital information management of road infrastructure assets, in order to enhance the information, making it more accessible and with interoperable languages and consequently also provide a monitoring platform, as well as structuring the bases for subsequent modeling also, possibly, to support the training activities of inspectors using both information models and VR simulations in order to create an educational environment in which to train inspectors. The first step to be taken concerns the identification and insertion of data, by the managers, in the IT Archive of Public Works (AINOP).In this work, the Guidelines of the existing bridges have been imagined in an overall framework of digital information management of infrastructures, where BIM, understood as "multi-BIM" according to a multi-level approach, is one of the main tools, with a view to conscious risk mitigation.

Governing teachers through datafication: Physical–virtual hybridity and language interoperability in teacher accountability

In this paper, we draw on Foucault's and Deleuze's theorisations of discipline and control, respectively, to understand a teacher accountability system in the US state of Texas: the Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System (hereafter, T-TESS). Specifically, we focus on the interplay of physical and virtual modes of governance – which we develop here as physical– virtual hybridity – and the techniques that make these physical and virtual domains compatible via language interoperability, with T-TESS deployed as a representative empirical case to show how such technologies work to govern teacher subjectivity. First, in-person appraiser meetings and observations re-code teachers’ linguistic behaviours, so their physical bodies and practices can become legible to and interoperable with the hybrid T-TESS system. This avoids any possible syntax errors between the linguistic expression of physical teacher speech and the digital coding language of T-TESS. Second, these digital bodies of data can now be viewed as proxies for the physical teacher body in the classroom, allowing the constant modulation in physical space (teacher bodies) and digital space (bodies of data). This is the physical–virtual hybridity of T-TESS, whereby discipline and control work symbiotically to govern both the physical and the digital expressions of teachers and their teaching. In this way, the disciplining of teachers’ language has profound effects on teachers’ bodies, both corporeal and digital.

From catch to plate

From catch to plate

Health Care Organizations' Interoperability during Multi-Organizational Disaster Management: A Scoping Review.

Disaster management (DM) is becoming increasingly complex because of technological advancement and the multi-organization and international contexts. Effective interoperability and adequate collaboration in DM have the potential to spare the human life and to control the economic burden. For those reasons, it's becoming important to find a way for systems and organizations that exploit, at the same time, the technological interoperability and team's interoperability.This study aims to provide an overview of the multi-organizational problems and solutions reflecting on achieving interoperability in multi-organizational DM. The article is structured as a scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist was used to report the results. The selected papers were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklists to screen their methodological quality.The scoping review was conducted systematically searching the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The search algorithm was developed using the three key concepts "interoperability; multi-organizational; disaster medicine" translated into different possible search and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Studies of all research design types were considered. The included literature is reporting experiences on interoperability and how it has been applied to health care systems and organizations interacting during a disaster event. Twelve articles were included. Specific problems and solutions were identified regarding the technological and personnel interoperability, such as ineffective integration, technical problems, lack of an interoperability language, and data filtering network. The suggested approach might involve a focus on both the technological as well the human and personnel interoperability with the aim to create a culture of interoperability through compatible technological solutions and joint trainings. This study identified two main approaches during disasters: technology versus personnel interoperability. The suggested approach is to develop a hybrid culture of interoperability through compatible technological solutions combined to joint and multi-disciplinary trainings to achieve the development of a common language.Further research will need a solution-focused approach on the culture and language of interoperability as thematic gathering training, socio-technical networks, and policies/procedural guidelines.

DeepGOWeb: fast and accurate protein function prediction on the (Semantic) Web.

Understanding the functions of proteins is crucial to understand biological processes on a molecular level. Many more protein sequences are available than can be investigated experimentally. DeepGOPlus is a protein function prediction method based on deep learning and sequence similarity. DeepGOWeb makes the prediction model available through a website, an API, and through the SPARQL query language for interoperability with databases that rely on Semantic Web technologies. DeepGOWeb provides accurate and fast predictions and ensures that predicted functions are consistent with the Gene Ontology; it can provide predictions for any protein and any function in Gene Ontology. DeepGOWeb is freely available at https://deepgo.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/.

Equational Logic and Categorical Semantics for Multi-Languages

Programming language interoperability is the capability of two programming languages to interact as parts of a single system. Each language may be optimized for specific tasks, and a programmer can take advantage of this. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript yield a form of interoperability, working in conjunction to render webpages. Some object oriented languages have interoperability via a virtual machine host (.NET CLI compliant languages in the Common Language Runtime, and JVM compliant languages in the Java Virtual Machine). A high-level language can interact with a lower level one (Apple's Swift and Objective-C). While there has been some research exploring the interoperability mechanisms (Section 1) there is little development of theoretical foundations. This paper presents an approach to interoperability based around theories of equational logic, and categorical semantics.We give ways in which two languages can be blended, and interoperability reasoned about using equations over the blended language. Formally, multi-language equational logic is defined within which one may deduce valid equations starting from a collection of axioms that postulate properties of the combined language. Thus we have the notion of a multi-language theory and much of the paper is devoted to exploring the properties of these theories. This is accomplished by way of category theory, giving us a very general and flexible semantics, and hence a nice collection of models. Classifying categories are constructed, and hence equational theories furnish each categorical model with an internal language; from this we can also establish soundness and completeness. A set-theoretic semantics follows as an instance, itself sound and complete. The categorical semantics is based on some pre-existing research, but we give a presentation that we feel is easier and simpler to work with, improves and mildly extends current research, and in particular is well suited to computer scientists. Throughout the paper we prove some interesting properties of the new semantic machinery. We provide a small running example throughout the paper to illustrate our ideas, and a more complex example in conclusion.

GEdIL—Gamified Education Interoperability Language

The paper introduces Gamified Education Interoperability Language (GEdIL), designed as a means to represent the set of gamification concepts and rules applied to courses and exercises separately from their actual educational content. This way, GEdIL allows not only for an easy yet effective specification of gamification schemes for educational purposes, but also sharing them among instructors and reusing in various courses. GEdIL is published as an open format, independent from any commercial vendor, and supported with dedicated open-source software.

Predicting Fork Visibility Performance on Programming Language Interoperability in Open Source Projects

Despite a variety of programming languages adopted in open source (OS) projects, fork variation on some languages has been minimal and slow to be adopted, and there is little research as to why this is so. We therefore employed a K-nearest neighbours (KNN) technique to predict the fork visibility performance of a productive language from a pool of programming languages adopted in projects. In total, 38 showcase OS projects from 2012 to 2016 were downloaded from the GitHub website and categorized into different levels of programming language adoption clusters. Among 33 languages, JavaScript is one of the popular languages that adopted by community. It has been predicted the language chosen when fork visibility is high can increase project longevity as a highly visible language is likely to occur more often in projects with a significant number of interoperable programming languages and high language fork count. Conversely, a low fork language reduces longevity in projects with an insignificant number of interoperable programming languages and low fork count. Our results reveal the survival of a productive language is in response to high language visibility (large fork number) and high interoperability of multiple programming languages.

Recommendation System on Knowledge Management System via OAI-PMH

Knowledge Management System (KMS) might be a transformation from Library Management System (LMS). This transformation is possible when we add several knowledge processes from KMS not available in LMS. When a KMS is a transformation from a LMS, functionalities derived from librarian system will be also available in KMS. One of this functionality is recommendation system, where patron may receive related and recommended reading, usually based on subject similarity between knowledge documents. However, recommendation is delivered from system directly to patron. There is no recommendation from one system directly to another. This research proposes a communication model to provide recommendation from one KMS to another using LMS interoperability language, OAI-PMH. Although there is no real implementation, authors hope that this model may become a basic reference for a better one. The novelty of this research is how to accommodate recommendation system between KMSs if the interaction is via knowledge sharing protocol, which in this research is OAI-PMH.

PharmML in Action: an Interoperable Language for Modeling and Simulation.

PharmML1 is an XML‐based exchange format2, 3, 4 created with a focus on nonlinear mixed‐effect (NLME) models used in pharmacometrics,5, 6 but providing a very general framework that also allows describing mathematical and statistical models such as single‐subject or nonlinear and multivariate regression models. This tutorial provides an overview of the structure of this language, brief suggestions on how to work with it, and use cases demonstrating its power and flexibility.

프로그래밍 언어의 다원성과 상호운영성의 실증적 분석

프로그래밍 언어의 다원성과 상호운영성의 실증적 분석

Studies in using a universal exchange and inference language for evidence based medicine. Semi-automated learning and reasoning for PICO methodology, systematic review, and environmental epidemiology

The Q-UEL language of XML-like tags and the associated software applications are providing a valuable toolkit for Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). In this paper the already existing applications, data bases, and tags are brought together with new ones. The particular Q-UEL embodiment used here is the BioIngine. The main challenge is one of bringing together the methods of symbolic reasoning and calculative probabilistic inference that underlie EBM and medical decision making. Some space is taken to review this background. The unification is greatly facilitated by Q-UEL’s roots in the notation and algebra of Dirac, and by extending Q-UEL into the Wolfram programming environment. Further, the overall problem of integration is also a relatively simple one because of the nature of Q-UEL as a language for interoperability in healthcare and biomedicine, while the notion of workflow is facilitated because of the EBM best practice known as PICO. What remains difficult is achieving a high degree of overall automation because of a well-known difficulty in capturing human expertise in computers: the Feigenbaum bottleneck.

Substitute infinitives and Oberfeld placement of auxiliaries in German subordinate clauses: A synchronic and diachronic corpus study using the CLARIN research infrastructure

The historical development and the linguistic triggering environments for Oberfeld formation in German subordinate clauses represent long-standing research questions in Germanic Linguistics, dating at least as far back as Jacob Grimm's famous Deutsche Grammatik. The present corpus study traces this historical development back to the 17th century. The study is based on three text corpora. For contemporary German, two syntactically annotated newspaper corpora were consulted: the TüBa-D/Z and TüPP-D/Z treebanks,11TüBa-D/Z: http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1778-0000-0005-896C-F; TüPP-D/Z: http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1778-0000-0007-5E99-D which provide linguistic annotations for articles published in the daily newspaper die tageszeitung (taz). For diachronic data, the corpus collection Deutsches Textarchiv (DTA)22http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/ was utilized. The DTA contains texts ranging from 1610 to 1900. All three corpus collections are part of the Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure (CLARIN) initiative33http://www.clarin.eu/ and will be developed further as part of the CLARIN research infrastructure. The study demonstrates the added value that annotated corpora can provide for in-depth studies in historical syntax. At the same time it showcases the added value of interoperable language resources for linguistic investigations that require access to and analysis of multiple linguistic resources.

Implementation of a web based universal exchange and inference language for medicine: Sparse data, probabilities and inference in data mining of clinical data repositories

We extend Q-UEL, our universal exchange language for interoperability and inference in healthcare and biomedicine, to the more traditional fields of public health surveys. These are the type associated with screening, epidemiological and cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies in some cases similar to clinical trials. There is the challenge that there is some degree of split between frequentist notions of probability as (a) classical measures based only on the idea of counting and proportion and on classical biostatistics as used in the above conservative disciplines, and (b) more subjectivist notions of uncertainty, belief, reliability, or confidence often used in automated inference and decision support systems. Samples in the above kind of public health survey are typically small compared with our earlier “Big Data” mining efforts. An issue addressed here is how much impact on decisions should sparse data have. We describe a new Q-UEL compatible toolkit including a data analytics application DiracMiner that also delivers more standard biostatistical results, DiracBuilder that uses its output to build Hyperbolic Dirac Nets (HDN) for decision support, and HDNcoherer that ensures that probabilities are mutually consistent. Use is exemplified by participating in a real word health-screening project, and also by deployment in a industrial platform called the BioIngine, a cognitive computing platform for health management.

The CLARIN-NL Data Curation Service: Bringing Data to the Foreground

After decades in which a great deal of effort was spent on the creation of resources, there are currently several initiatives worldwide that aim to create an interoperable, sustainable research infrastructure. An integral part of such an infrastructure constitutes the resources (data and tools) which researchers in the various disciplines employ. Whether the infrastructure will be successful in supporting the needs of the research communities it intends to cater for depends on a number of factors. One factor is that resources that are or could be relevant to the wider research community are made visible through this infrastructure and, to the greatest extent possible, accessible and usable. In practice, the durable availability of resources is often not properly regulated within research projects.CLARIN-NL is directed at creating an interoperable language resources infrastructure for the humanities in the Netherlands. The Data Curation Service was established in order to salvage language resources in this field that are threatened to be lost. In the CLARIN context, a great deal of attention is given to standards, formats and intellectual property rights. Consequently, the Data Curation Service (DCS) has a role as mediator in bringing researchers in the field of humanities and existing data centres closer together.This article consists of two parts: the first part provides the background to the work of the DCS while the second part illustrates the work of the DCS by describing the actual curation of a collection of language learner data.