Implementation Of Language Research Articles

Ring: A Lightweight and Versatile Cross-Platform Dynamic Programming Language Developed Using Visual Programming

New programming languages are often designed to keep up with technological advancements and project requirements while also learning from previous attempts and introducing more powerful expression mechanisms. However, most existing dynamic programming languages rely on English keywords and lack features that facilitate easy translation of language syntax. Additionally, maintaining multiple implementations of the same language for different platforms, such as desktops and microcontrollers, can lead to inconsistencies and fragmented features. Furthermore, they usually do not use visual programming to fully implement the compiler and virtual machine. In this research paper, we introduce Ring—a dynamically-typed language with a lightweight implementation. However, it boasts several advantages, including a rich and versatile standard library and direct support for classes and object-oriented programming. The Ring language offers customization features. For instance, it allows easy modification of the language syntax multiple times, enabling programming by writing code using Arabic, English, or other keywords. Additionally, the language permits the creation of domain-specific languages through new features that extend object-oriented programming, allowing for specialized languages resembling CSS or Supernova. In the era of the Internet of Things, instead of creating another language implementation to support microcontrollers, the same Ring implementation allows us to create projects and applications for desktops, the web, WebAssembly, Android, or Raspberry Pi Pico. The Ring Compiler and Virtual Machine are designed using the PWCT Visual Programming language based on ANSI C. The visual implementation is composed of 18,945 components that generate 24,743 lines of code, which increases the abstraction level by approximately 23.5% and hides unnecessary details.

FHIR-Based Arden Syntax Compiler for Clinical Decision Support.

The Arden Syntax is a language designed for the encoding of medical knowledge into clinical decision support systems. Its evolution is overseen by Health Level 7. A significant enhancement in its new version 3.0 is the incorporation of FHIR for data retrieval, which addresses the long-standing curly braces problem. We introduce a newly developed compiler for Arden Syntax 3.0, which employs modern tools such as ANTLR for lexical and parsing analysis and GraalVM with the Truffle Language Implementation Framework for semantic processing, optimization, and language execution. Comprehensive testing against a legacy compiler revealed substantial improvements in execution speed, memory efficiency, and code quality. These advancements, coupled with superior maintainability and extensibility, position the Truffle compiler as a robust replacement, supporting future development and enhancing the user experience with Arden-Syntax-based clinical decision support.

Оптимізація обробки великих даних за допомогою «лінивих обчислень»: систематичний огляд технологій та застосування

The article examines the concept of lazy operations and its application for efficient processing of large volumes of data. The main principles of lazy computations, their implementation in various programming languages, and strategies for effective use in Big Data processing are analyzed. The advantages and limitations of the lazy approach are investigated, particularly regarding memory savings, performance improvement, and the ability to work with infinite data streams. A concept for selecting computation strategies based on data size and computational complexity is proposed.

Strengthening the Language of Love as a Prevention Measure School Bullying Prevention

Bullying in schools is a complex problem that requires serious attention. This study aims to examine the potential for strengthening love language as one of the effective prevention efforts in bullying cases in schools. The study focuses on literature that discusses the relationship between love language, positive social bonds, and prosocial behavior. The methodological procedure of this article uses a literature review approach. The results of the study show that love language with indicators of affirmative words, acts of service, gifts, quality time, and physical touch has great potential in creating an inclusive and supportive school climate. This study also identifies several factors that can affect the success of the implementation of love language in efforts to prevent bullying in schools, namely; training for educators, parent involvement, and support from the school environment. The practical implications of this study are the importance of integrating love language in school curricula and counseling programs to prevent and overcome bullying in schools.

Integrating Task-Based Language Teaching with Islamic Values: A Case Study in an Indonesian Islamic Junior High School

The current research is a case study of Task-based English Language Teaching in an Islamic Junior High School (MTs) in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to explore the implementation of Task-based English Language Teaching at an Indonesian Islamic Junior High School, MTs Negeri 3 Demak. The study was conducted on an English teacher and 32 students of MTs Negeri 3 Demak. To gather data, questionnaires, observation, and interviews were used. The researcher used qualitative data analysis to analyze the results of this study. The collected data showed that the implementation of the lesson was well-implemented and conducted in three phases. They were the opening activity, main activity and closing activity. The findings reveal that TBLT was implemented effectively across three phases: pre-task, task cycle, and language focus, with Islamic principles interwoven throughout each stage of the instructional process. This approach enhanced students’ engagement and language proficiency, promoting meaningful communication while reinforcing cultural and moral values. The study underscores the potential of TBLT to serve as a pedagogical tool in religious educational contexts, offering valuable insights for educators and policymakers on integrating language instruction with cultural and ethical dimensions.

Exploring $\<i>beta$</i>-Basic Rough Sets and Their Applications in Medicine

Advancements in the rough set theory of Pawlak have opened new avenues for enhancing decision-making processes, particularly in identifying disease risk factors in medical diagnoses. While traditional rough set methodologies have provided a solid foundation, there is a continuous need for improvements to increase accuracy and reliability. This study introduces mathematical techniques grounded in basic rough sets, incorporating $\beta$-open concepts to enhance precision. We present nearly basic rough sets and $\beta$-basic-approximations ($\beta _b$-approximations), examining their core properties and interrelationships. Our findings reveal that these novel constructs offer superior accuracy compared to traditional methods. Both theoretical analysis and practical examples support this, with our approach achieving a 100% accuracy rate in the medical diagnosis of COVID-19. This significant improvement highlights the potential of the methods of us to outperform existing ones in terms of precision and reliability. The introduction of $\beta _b$-approximations represents a significant advancement in rough set theory, offering enhanced accuracy in decision-making applications. Our results indicate that these methods can substantially outperform traditional techniques, especially in critical areas such as medical diagnosis. Additionally, we provide a mathematical algorithm suitable for implementation in programming languages, facilitating future research and applications across various theoretical and applied fields. This work lays the groundwork for further exploration and utilization of advanced rough set methodologies in diverse domains.

Implementation of Early Language, Literacy and Numeracy (ELLN) Program: Through the Lens of the Supervisors

The qualitative – case study aimed to unveil the supportive leadership practices of supervisors in the implementation of Early Language, Literacy, and Numeracy (ELLN) in terms of fostering learner-centered pedagogical practices; providing conducive learning environment; ensuring a balanced curriculum; capacity building; fostering multi-cultural awareness; and building connections, anchored on DepEd vision, mission and core values. There were five (5) supervisors who participated in the study. Of the five (5), three (3) were Education Program Supervisors and two (2) were Public Schools District Supervisors. As to the supportive leadership of supervisors in terms of fostering learner-centered pedagogical practices, four (4) themes emerged: advocating developmentally appropriate techniques; conducting trainings; doing monitoring and evaluation; and encouraging coaching and mentoring. As to providing conducive learning environment, two (2) themes emerged: providing instructional materials; and ensuring an enabling environment. In terms of ensuring a balanced curriculum, two (2) themes emerged: adhering to standards; and contextualizing the curriculum. As to capacity building, one (1) theme emerged, which was conducting professional development activities. In terms of fostering multi-cultural awareness, one (1) theme emerged, which was promoting inclusive education. In terms of building connections, one (1) theme emerged, which was advocating stakeholder engagement. The DepEd vision, mission and core values served as guide to the supervisors.

Language and Literacy Education in Austria: Teachers’ Perspectives

This study examines the critical role of language and literacy in educational contexts, emphasizing their significance in human development and social inclusion. Drawing on a diverse range of literature and research, this study explores the interconnectedness of language acquisition, literacy development, and educational practices. Highlighting language and literacy as fundamental human rights, this study underscores the importance of inclusive and equitable education. Through qualitative methods, including online questionnaires (n=18) and interviews (n=8) with teachers, this study investigates the implementation of language and literacy education in Austrian primary schools as well as the challenges faced by educators in this domain. The findings reveal diverse teaching methodologies employed by teachers, ranging from shared book reading to digital tools, while also identifying obstacles, such as multilingualism, professional training deficiencies, and student engagement issues. The study’s findings strongly support the need for targeted interventions to improve educational outcomes. Specifically, the challenges identified—particularly multilingualism and training gaps—underscore the necessity of ongoing professional development tailored to teachers’ specific needs. Enhancing teacher training programs with a focus on multilingual pedagogy and culturally responsive teaching can directly address these obstacles. Furthermore, the findings suggest that improving student engagement requires innovative and adaptable teaching methodologies, such as integrating digital literacy tools more effectively into the curriculum.

Realistic Realizability: Specifying ABIs You Can Count On

The Application Binary Interface (ABI) for a language defines the interoperability rules for its target platforms, including data layout and calling conventions, such that compliance with the rules ensures “safe” execution and perhaps certain resource usage guarantees. These rules are relied upon by compilers, libraries, and foreign-function interfaces. Unfortunately, ABIs are typically specified in prose, and while type systems for source languages have evolved, ABIs have comparatively stalled, lacking advancements in expressivity and safety. We propose a vision for richer, semantic ABIs to improve interoperability and library integration, supported by a methodology for formally specifying ABIs using realizability models. These semantic ABIs connect abstract, high-level types to unwieldy, but well-behaved, low-level code. We illustrate our approach with a case study formalizing the ABI of a functional source language in terms of a reference-counting implementation in a C-like target language. A key contribution supporting this case study is a graph-based model of separation logic that captures the ownership and accessibility of reference-counted resources using modalities inspired by hybrid logic. To highlight the flexibility of our methodology, we show how various design decisions can be interpreted into the semantic ABI. Finally, we provide the first formalization of library evolution, a distinguishing feature of Swift’s ABI.

Applying Pattern Language to Enhance IIoT System Design and Integration: From Theory to Practice

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is pivotal in advancing industrial automation, offering significant improvements in connectivity and efficiency. However, the integration of heterogeneous devices within IIoT systems presents substantial challenges, primarily due to the diversity in device hardware, protocols, and functionalities. In this paper, we propose a new pattern language specifically designed to enhance interoperability and operational efficiency across industrial settings. Drawing from a case study of the State Company for Automotive Industry (S.C.A.I.) in Iraq, this study details the development and integration of eleven interrelated patterns. These patterns were carefully combined based on identified relationships, forming a comprehensive pattern language that addresses key aspects of system heterogeneity, including device communication, data security, and system scalability. The pattern language was validated using the Delphi process theory, engaging industry experts to refine and optimize the framework for practical application. The implementation of this pattern language led to significant improvements in system integration, enabling seamless communication between diverse devices and enhancing operational workflows. The case study demonstrates the practical viability of the proposed pattern language in enhancing interoperability within real-world Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. Furthermore, the replicable nature of this framework makes it a valuable resource for other industrial environments seeking to harness the power of IIoT technologies.

Integrated Framework for the Implementation of Visual Programming Language in Science Experiment for Secondary School

Integrated Framework for the Implementation of Visual Programming Language in Science Experiment for Secondary School

Proving Correctness of Parallel Implementations of Transition System Models

This article addresses the long-standing problem of program correctness for programs that describe systems of parallel executing processes. We propose a new method for proving correctness of parallel implementations of high-level models expressed as transition systems. The implementation language underlying the method is based on the concurrency model of actors and active objects. The method defines program correctness in terms of a simulation relation between the transition system that specifies the program semantics of the parallel program and the transition system that is described by the correctness specification. The simulation relation itself abstracts from the fine-grained interleaving of parallel processes by exploiting a global confluence property of the concurrency model of the implementation language considered in this article. As a proof of concept, we apply our method to the correctness of a parallel simulator of multicore memory systems.

Implementasi Bahasa Indonesia dalam Pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani untuk Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pembelajaran

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Indonesian language in teaching Physical Education and its impact on the effectiveness of learning in students of the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation Study Program. The use of Indonesian language as a medium of instruction is expected to improve students' understanding of concepts, involvement, and active participation in academic activities. This study collected data through observations and questionnaires distributed to third-semester students. The results of the study indicate that the effective use of Indonesian language in teaching physical education, health, and recreation contributes positively to students' understanding of the material, increases involvement in class discussions, and facilitates better communication between lecturers and students. These findings provide important insights for the development of teaching strategies at the higher education level, especially to improve the quality of learning in the field of Physical Education.

Abstract IA013: Increasing Diversity in Pediatric Cancer Clinical Trials: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract Although childhood cancer is the leading cause of death by disease past infancy in the US, with 17,000 children younger than 21 years being diagnosed annually, survival has improved dramatically, and is now greater than 80% overall. Because of unequal access to services and adverse Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) affecting underserved populations, disparities in survival exist among minoritized youth with cancer. For example, Hispanic children have higher incidence of certain cancers and poorer survival rates than non-Hispanic White children. Minorities are severely under-represented in research. This means that cancer outcomes data are largely based on data from non-Hispanic White participants, and there is incomplete information to adequately assess treatment benefits for minorities. We showed that 53% of Latino parents declined research participation, compared to 20% of non-Hispanic White parents, in our institution. There are several barriers to informed consent for clinical trials. First, there are no mandates to ensure comprehension, and informed consent forms are complex, long, and difficult to understand. This leaves parents of children with cancer with an incomplete understanding of risks, procedures, randomization, alternative treatments, and the voluntary nature of clinical trial participation. Furthermore, pediatric cancer often requires urgent treatment, leaving little time for decision-making. We developed COMPRENDO (ChildhOod Malignancy Peer REsearch NavigatiOn), a peer-navigation intervention to improve research literacy and diversity in pediatric cancer clinical trials. In this intervention, trained peer-navigators, who have the lived experience of having a child diagnosed with cancer, provide in-hospital support. The goals of COMPRENDO are to improve parents’ informed consent experience and comprehension of informed consent for cancer treatment, to explain to parents terms to be discussed by the oncologist during the treatment conference, to introduce to parents concepts of clinical trials and research, and to facilitate and empower shared decision-making. In a pilot study at Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, this intervention showed a significant increase in comprehension of therapeutic trials, particularly in Hispanic and Spanish-speaking parents. The demographics of children with cancer enrolled in clinical trials should be comparable to the US population, and approaches to improve enrollment must also be tailored to specific settings. Structural barriers for participation of minorities should be considered during study and informed consent design and planning. Strategies to increase clinical trial enrollment of minority individuals include: Provider-level training on patient-provider communication, development of linguistically appropriate tools, and promotion of culturally aware staff. Key strategies at the patient-level include building trust; education and awareness of clinical trials; implementation of culture, language, and health literacy-concordant interventions; and initiatives to address adverse SDOH. Citation Format: Paula Aristizabal. Increasing Diversity in Pediatric Cancer Clinical Trials: Challenges and Opportunities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2024 Sep 5-8; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA013.

Empowering Diversity in Education: A Web-Based Tool for Real-Time Sign Language Detection

People worldwide have severe hearing loss and there is little to no technological involvement to empower diversity and inclusion in the education system. This study aims to provide an understanding of the needs of the community of such individuals and a possible solution to the problem using current advances in artificial intelligence technologies. In particular, we will present a solution to the problem through a real-time sign language detection web application. First, the structural and functional aspects of the application are described, followed by the software architecture needs. The technological aspect of the application is entirely defined by expressing all the significant implementations of each programming language contained behind the software diagrams and architecture. This study will provide the latest technologies in the market combined with a well-planned and developed image detection application that is scalable, portable, maintainable, and efficient in empowering diversity in education. This technologically up-to-date application is delivered as a full-stack web application. The application produces results that waver between 85%-95% quality off detection; it consists of a bi-partite backend, one for creating and compiling models, namely Python, TensorFlow, and Jupyter Notebooks, and the other part held by Node.JS to power the front-end built with React and TensorFlow's JS. This study presents a fully developed web-based application that has the potential to impact and improve diversity in education significantly.

Software modernization powered by dynamic language product lines

Legacy software poses a critical challenge for organizations due to the costs of maintaining and modernizing outdated systems, as well as the scarcity of experts in aging programming languages. The issue extends beyond commercial applications, affecting public administration, as exemplified by the urgent need for COBOL programmers during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, this work introduces a modernization approach based on dynamic language product lines, a subset of dynamic software product lines. This approach leverages open language implementations and dynamically generated micro-languages for the incremental migration of legacy systems to modern technologies. The language can be reconfigured at runtime to adapt to the execution of either legacy or modern code, and to generate a compatibility layer between the data types handled by the two languages. Through this process, the costs of modernizing legacy systems can be spread across several iterations, as developers can replace legacy code incrementally, with legacy and modern code coexisting until a complete refactoring is possible. By moving the overhead of making legacy and modern features work together in a hybrid system from the system implementation to the language implementation, the quality of the system itself does not degrade due to the introduction of glue code. To demonstrate the practical applicability of this approach, we present a case study on a COBOL system migration to Java. Using the Neverlang language workbench to create modular and reconfigurable language implementations, both the COBOL interpreter and the application evolve to spread the development effort across several iterations. Through this study, this work presents a viable solution for organizations dealing with the complexity of modernizing legacy software to contemporary technologies. The contributions of this work are (i) a language-oriented, incremental refactoring process for legacy systems, (ii) a concrete application of open language implementations, and (iii) a general template for the implementation of interoperability between languages in hybrid systems.

Synchronous Programming with Refinement Types

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) consist of software interacting with the physical world, such as robots, vehicles, and industrial processes. CPS are frequently responsible for the safety of lives, property, or the environment, and so software correctness must be determined with a high degree of certainty. To that end, simply testing a CPS is insufficient, as its interactions with the physical world may be difficult to predict, and unsafe conditions may not be immediately obvious. Formal verification can provide stronger safety guarantees but relies on the accuracy of the verified system in representing the real system. Bringing together verification and implementation can be challenging, as languages that are typically used to implement CPS are not easy to formally verify, and languages that lend themselves well to verification often abstract away low-level implementation details. Translation between verification and implementation languages is possible, but requires additional assurances in the translation process and increases software complexity; having both in a single language is desirable. This paper presents a formalization of MARVeLus, a CPS language which combines verification and implementation. We develop a metatheory for its synchronous refinement type system and demonstrate verified synchronous programs executing on real systems.

SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE MASS SERVICE SYSTEMS MODELING TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN GO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The subject of the article is the methods and approaches to organizing the architecture of software implementation designed for modeling the behavior of mass service systems. The goal of the work is to design a software architecture for implementation in Go language, intended to replicate the behavior of various types of mass service systems, without considering the failure of individual service channels, using parallel computing. The article addresses the following tasks: consider the basis for designing the architecture and conclude its appropriateness; develop requirements for the future software product for more effective resource use and clear definition of successful completion; analyze the approaches to organizing software architecture and make a justified decision on the application of one of them; design a general algorithm scheme taking into account all requirements; identify the components of the modeled system and their interactions; build process diagrams considering the specifics of the Go programming language; define the method and contracts of interaction with the software. The research will utilize the following methods: Go programming language, concurrency, architectural UML diagrams, C4 diagrams, process diagrams. The following results were obtained: the requirements for the software for modeling mass service operations (SMO) were defined; common approaches to organizing architecture were considered and a comparative analysis was conducted; the structure of the future program was developed at the necessary levels of abstraction; for the first time, an architecture of the software product for modeling various mass service systems using parallel computing and the concurrency approach under the implementation in the Go programming language was proposed.

Digital morphology network for effective teaching of cytology, histology and histopathology for medical and biology curriculum. VM3.0 Erasmus+ project.

Digital microscopy transformation, the basis for the virtual microscopy applications, is a challenge but also a requirement in modern Medical Education. This paper presents the scope, background, methods, and results of the project "Digital Transformation of Histology and Histopathology by Virtual Microscopy (VM) for an Innovative Medical School Curriculum", VM3.0, funded by the European Union under the Erasmus+ framework (ref.no.2022-1- RO01-KA220-HED-000089017). The project was initiated at Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania, with the support of Euroed Foundation, Iași, and cooperation of University partners from Gdansk (Poland), Plovdiv (Bulgaria), Alicante (Spain), and Patras (Greece) aimed to implement digital histology and histopathology teaching in a common network. The backbone of the project was the development of a Digital Slide Platform based on the scans of histological slides collected from all the partners of the participating universities and the creation of a simple and fast digital/internet communication tool that could be used to improve histology and histopathology teaching of medical and natural sciences students. The construction of a Virtual Microscopy Library (VML) has been based on the acquisition of whole scans of high-quality histological slides stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and other classical staining methods and description of various organs' details in English as well as respective languages of the project's partners. The VML can be used for different approches, both for students' instruction in classes as well as for individual students' work and self-testing. Universities from other countries could use the modal structure of the developed VML system on the condition that more slides are provided and the implementation of national language(s) is implemented. The combined efforts of all university partners allowed to establish the dynamic low-cost virtual microscopy educational system. The VM system could help unify the standards of cytology, histology, and histopathology teaching in a quest for the digital transformation of the European educational system.

Exploring the Teaching Assistance Program Implementation and Value Conversion of Language and Social Science Education Students

Exploring the Teaching Assistance Program Implementation and Value Conversion of Language and Social Science Education Students