Aspects Of Language Research Articles

Can Artificial Intelligence "Hold" a Dermoscope?-The Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot to Translate the Dermoscopic Language.

This survey represents the first endeavor to assess the clarity of the dermoscopic language by a chatbot, unveiling insights into the interplay between dermatologists and AI systems within the complexity of the dermoscopic language. Given the complex, descriptive, and metaphorical aspects of the dermoscopic language, subjective interpretations often emerge. The survey evaluated the completeness and diagnostic efficacy of chatbot-generated reports, focusing on their role in facilitating accurate diagnoses and educational opportunities for novice dermatologists. A total of 30 participants were presented with hypothetical dermoscopic descriptions of skin lesions, including dermoscopic descriptions of skin cancers such as BCC, SCC, and melanoma, skin cancer mimickers such as actinic and seborrheic keratosis, dermatofibroma, and atypical nevus, and inflammatory dermatosis such as psoriasis and alopecia areata. Each description was accompanied by specific clinical information, and the participants were tasked with assessing the differential diagnosis list generated by the AI chatbot in its initial response. In each scenario, the chatbot generated an extensive list of potential differential diagnoses, exhibiting lower performance in cases of SCC and inflammatory dermatoses, albeit without statistical significance, suggesting that the participants were equally satisfied with the responses provided. Scores decreased notably when practical descriptions of dermoscopic signs were provided. Answers to BCC scenario scores in the diagnosis category (2.9 ± 0.4) were higher than those with SCC (2.6 ± 0.66, p = 0.005) and inflammatory dermatoses (2.6 ± 0.67, p = 0). Similarly, in the teaching tool usefulness category, BCC-based chatbot differential diagnosis received higher scores (2.9 ± 0.4) compared to SCC (2.6 ± 0.67, p = 0.001) and inflammatory dermatoses (2.4 ± 0.81, p = 0). The abovementioned results underscore dermatologists' familiarity with BCC dermoscopic images while highlighting the challenges associated with interpreting rigorous dermoscopic images. Moreover, by incorporating patient characteristics such as age, phototype, or immune state, the differential diagnosis list in each case was customized to include lesion types appropriate for each category, illustrating the AI's flexibility in evaluating diagnoses and highlighting its value as a resource for dermatologists.

The “The benefits of wordwall games for teaching and learning Mandarin language

This article aims to discuss the application of the benefits of the worldwall game as an innovative learning alternative for Mandarin language subjects. In the digital era, the integration of technology in learning is becoming increasingly important to increase student engagement and learning outcomes. One tool that stands out in the context of learning Mandarin is wordwall, a game-based learning platform that provides various interactive activities. This article aims to explain and evaluate the benefits of using wordwalls in the context of Chinese language teaching and learning. The implementation of online learning is still experiencing problems, especially students' enthusiasm for learning has decreased. To overcome this obstacle, one interesting way to increase student enthusiasm for learning is to use the wordwall game. This wordwall game is an online learning media (E-Learning) which has game, quiz, discussion and survey features. This research examines the wordwall game which has the benefit of being an effective learning medium to increase students' mastery and motivation in learning Mandarin online. Quantitative research with an experimental approach, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and an experimental group. Population took 60 students taking MKU Mandarin courses, divided into 2 groups, namely the control group and the experimental group. Data collection for this research used a language mastery test instrument to measure the ability of four aspects of language, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. To measure the level of student motivation, a questionnaire technique using Google Forms was used. The independent variable is the use of the wordwall game as a learning medium. Mastery of Mandarin and student motivation are the dependent variables. The results of research on learning with wordwall make the learning process easy, fun and can help students understand Mandarin. Apart from that, learning by applying playing techniques using wordwall games is very appropriate for beginner Mandarin learners.

(WHETHER) WHAT IS WORTH KNOWING ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE WHILE LEARNING IT AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (THE END OF THE X – XVIII CENT.)

As the interest to the Ukrainian language is currently growing it is worth deepening the lingual and country study aspect of the Ukrainian language as a foreign language by involving the history – key stages of the Ukrainian language formation and development as a literary language. The war has made people get to know the Ukrainian language mainly as the language of resistance to the russian invasion and, therefore, become interested in its history. It became necessary to briefly outline the main stages of the historical formation of the Ukrainian language as a written and literary one, starting from the earliest times, and at the same time to emphasize its identity and self-sufficiency, which didn’t depend on ‘’ruskii mir’’. The ancient Ukrainian and middle Ukrainian periods of the formation of the Ukrainian literary language have been considered. The main language creation tendencies have been determined in each context. The initial ancient Ukrainian period, at the end of the X – the middle of the XIV centuries, lay the basis for the language creation tendency, penetrating of live conversational features into written texts at different extent (depending on a subject,a genre, a purpose) and at different linguistic levels. It became the foundation for the language development, affirmation and resistance to the future social and historical challenges. From the middle of the XIV century business literature represented the Ukrainian language as the official one in the ethnically foreign country, thus pushing forward the implementation of folk colloquial features and asserting this language for the future. The period between the XVI and the first half of the XVII centuries showed the ability of the Ruthenian-Ukrainian language to provide a new sphere to itself – a religious one, displacing Church Slavonic. It determined a high social status and prestige of the Ukrainian language as the internal and external identifying factor in the contemporary society. Different social and political conditions of Naddnipriavshchyna under russian rulership, Galychyna as a part of Poland, and later of the Austrian empire, determined unequal intensity and social severity of language creation processes in the second half of the XVII- XVIII centuries, which were, yet, aimed at the common direction of the literary language on a live colloquial basis. Key words: the history of the Ukrainian language, periodization, language creation tendencies, written records.

DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO PRONOUNCE NUMBER SYMBOLS IN ENGLISH USING PATTERN MODEL IN GROUP B

The problem in this research is motivated by the low activity and results of the development of language aspects in prounounce English numeral symbols. The causes of the problems are one-way learning, lack of child response and lack of variations in learning models. The solution is to use Pattern Model (Problem based learning model, mAke a match model, and Think, Talk, write and mEdia numbeR box). This study used a qualitative approach using Classroom Action Research (CAR) with 3 meetings, research settings in group B children at TK Aisyiyah Busthanul Athfal 36 Banjarmasin, totaling 18 children. The data collection technique is observation. Data analysis used descriptive analysis using tables and graphs. The results of this study concluded that the teacher's activities at meetings I and II achieved good criteria and at meeting III achieved very good criteria. The child's activity at meeting I reached the criteria of being inactive, meetings II and III reached the criteria of being very active. Classical completeness of child development results at meeting I reached 11%, meeting II reached 78% and meeting III reached 100%. It is recommended that teachers, school principals and further researchers be able to provide input and information for selecting learning models.

Invariant representations in abstract concept grounding - the physical world in grounded cognition.

Grounded cognition states that mental representations of concepts consist of experiential aspects. For example, the concept "cup" consists of the sensorimotor experiences from interactions with cups. Typical modalities in which concepts are grounded are: The sensorimotor system (including interoception), emotion, action, language, and social aspects. Here, we argue that this list should be expanded to include physical invariants (unchanging features of physical motion; e.g., gravity, momentum, friction). Research on physical reasoning consistently demonstrates that physical invariants are represented as fundamentally as other grounding substrates, and therefore should qualify. We assess several theories of concept representation (simulation, conceptual metaphor, conceptual spaces, predictive processing) and their positions on physical invariants. We find that the classic grounded cognition theories, simulation and conceptual metaphor theory, have not considered physical invariants, while conceptual spaces and predictive processing have. We conclude that physical invariants should be included into grounded cognition theories, and that the core mechanisms of simulation and conceptual metaphor theory are well suited to do this. Furthermore, conceptual spaces and predictive processing are very promising and should also be integrated with grounded cognition in the future.

An Analysis of Affixation Found in Sasak Language in Kelayu Dialect: A Descriptive Study

In the development of language, there are many variations of language in society, this is because language is changing continuously, and it is changing in different places. One aspect of language that is interesting to research is affixation. Affixation is a morphological process in linguistics where affixes are added to the root of a word to form a new word. The study aimed at describing prefixes and suffixes that are exist in Kelayu dialect. This is research was descriptive qualitative research. It concerned in the uses of affixation found in Sasak language used by Kelayu villagers. There were three domains chosen. The first was family, second was friendship and third was neighborhood. The data were collected based on five instruments, namely: observation, recording, documentation study/documentation, word list, and note taking. The result of the study showed that there are 7 kinds of prefixes and 4 kinds of suffixes that are exist in Kelayu dialect. The prefixes are {be-}, {ke-}, {me-}, {ng-}, {nge-}, {pe-}, and {te-}. The suffixes were found are {-an}, {-ang}, {-in}, and {-ye}. There was also no indication of infix, it happened because there are no words influenced by infix.

Analisis kemampuan representasi matematis peserta didik sekolah dasar ditinjau dari resiliensi matematis

<p class="Abstract">This research aims to describe the mathematical representation abilities of students with high, medium and low mathematical resilience. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires, tests, and interviews. The data analysis technique in this research used the Miles and Huberman model which consists of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research concluded that: 1) Students with high mathematical resilience fulfill all indicators of mathematical representation ability in both linguistic, visual and symbolic aspects; 2) Students with moderate mathematical representation abilities meet both indicators in visual representation and do not meet indicators in language and symbolic aspects; 3) Students with low mathematical resilience, one of whom does not meet the indicators for language, visual or verbal. One of the students met one indicator, namely the verbal indicator aspect.</p>

Using Deep Learning and Swarm Intelligence to Achieve Personalized English-Speaking Education

This paper presents a pioneering approach to personalized English oral education through the integration of deep learning and swarm intelligence algorithms. Leveraging deep learning techniques, our system offers precise evaluation of various aspects of spoken language, including pronunciation, fluency, and grammatical accuracy. Furthermore, we combine swarm intelligence algorithms to optimize model parameters to achieve optimal performance. We compare the proposed optimization algorithm based on swarm intelligence and its corresponding original algorithm for training comparison to test the effect of the proposed optimizer. Experimental results show that in most cases, the accuracy of the test set using the optimization algorithm based on the swarm intelligence algorithm is better than the corresponding original version, and the training results are more stable. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in enhancing personalized English oral education, paving the way for transformative advancements in language learning technologies.

Speech-to-text intervention to support text production among students with writing difficulties: a single-case study in nordic countries

Studies report that speech-to-text applications (STT) may support students with writing difficulties in text production. However, existing research is sparse, shows mixed results, and lacks information on STT interventions and their applicability in schools. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether a systematic and intensive assistive technology intervention focusing on STT can improve text production. A modified multiple-baseline across-subject design was used involving eight middle school students, four Norwegian and four Swedish. Their STT-produced narrative texts were collected during and after the intervention and the productivity, accuracy, and text quality were analysed. Keyboarding was the baseline control condition. The results demonstrated that seven of the eight students increased text productivity and that the proportion of word-level accuracy was maintained or improved. The use of punctuation progressed in participants with poor baseline skills. Most students’ STT-produced texts had at least a similar ratio of meaningfulness and text quality as keyboarding. However, the magnitude of the changes and development patterns varied, with three students showing the most notable impacts. In conclusion, this study’s intervention seemed beneficial in initially instructing STT, and the progress monitoring guided individually adapted future interventions such as balancing productivity and formal language aspects. Removing the spelling barrier with STT provided an opportunity for students to improve their higher-order skills, such as vocabulary diversity and overall text quality. Furthermore, visible progress, such as the ability to produce longer texts, might motivate continued STT usage. However, such development may not always be immediate.

An Enquiry into the Nigerianism in Nigerian English

This study seeks to examine the Nigerianism in Nigerian English in order to gain a better understanding of the English language in Nigeria. Specifically, it will investigate how Nigerian English has developed and what aspects of Nigerian language and culture have influenced it. In doing so, it will provide insight on the role of Nigerian English in the larger Nigerian context, as well as the broader international context. It will also review the sociolinguistic features of the Nigerian varieties of English in the area of phonology. The findings of this research are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the English language in Nigeria and its functionality within the Nigerian context. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used to inform and guide the development of future language policies in Nigeria. This study will also provide a valuable contribution to the existing body of research into the development of English and language in general.

The influence of Psychology on linguistics

Language is not a dry physical Phenomenon, but has a mental basis. Any Phonemes that come out of the mouth have meaning and the meaning is in the mind. If there was no mental aspect of language, then the sounds would only be a physical Phenomenon, like other sounds that we hear, which only enter our brains through the ears as a physical Phenomenon, but have no meaning and in the mind. It does not create any image or concept, such as the sounds of airplanes, cars and thunder. That language has meaning, meaning is related to Psychology, thus language and Psychology are connected and both enter into each other, so linguistics and Psychology merge into each other and create a branch called Psycholinguistics. Language is a representative of the psychological movements and actions of a person from the beginning to the end. It starts when the vocal organs of the little one become capable of producing sounds and sending their emotional requests to others through sounds (Phonemes). If we come to the background of ideas about different aspects of life in civil history, then these ideas are very new, which connect linguistics and psychology.

Development of E-Worksheet Based on Flipped-Guided Inquiry Learning (FGIL) in Thermochemistry for Phase F

Thermochemistry has abstract and mathematical material which makes it difficult for students to understand this material. Students are required to discuss this material in depth so teaching materials are needed that support student learning flexibly. Thus, the research purpose is to develop a thermochemistry e-worksheet based on FGIL for high school students in phase F. The research type is R&D with the ADDIE model which is limited to the Development stage. Content validity was carried out with four validators and practicality was obtained from 36 phases F high school students. The research instruments were validation sheets and student response questionnaires. The validity value is determined by Aiken's V test, if the V value is > 0.40 then an aspect is declared valid. The research findings demonstrated that the average assessment on the material aspect was 0.92 (very valid); the media aspect 0.96 (very valid); and the language aspect was 0.83 (very valid), while the average percentage of student responses was 96% (very practical). So, it can be said that the developed thermochemistry e-worksheet based on FGIL is valid and practical to use.

Conceptualization of French Foreign Language Aspects, Devoid in Learners’ Prior Language (Kiswahili): The Case of Past Tense Learning

Conceptualization of French Foreign Language Aspects, Devoid in Learners’ Prior Language (Kiswahili): The Case of Past Tense Learning

Lexis and Grammar Specifics of the English Language in Africa

This research work deals with the lexical and grammatical features of the English language variant widely used in Africa. The importance of the use of British English is also taken into account, as well as its transformational processes due to the interaction and mutual influence of local dialects on its structure. Examples of neologisms and modified lexical units are given, based on the influence of local culture and the lack of an equivalent in the recipient language. The article pays attention to the grammatical aspects of language in the functioning of phrasal, modal and prepositional verbs, and also reveals the peculiarities of articles and pronouns use due to the influence of autochthonous languages. The aim of the research work is to identify the specifics of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the English language in Africa and systematize the lexical and grammatical aspects of the English language as the territorial variant type. The choice of working methods is determined by the goals and objectives of the study. In the research work the method of metalinguistic analysis, methods of contextual and definitional analysis, methods of systematization and classification of linguistic material are used. As a result of the work the high productivity of the realities functioning in autochthonous languages in the lexical structure of the English variant in African countries and the lexical borrowings of terms from autochthonous languages are revealed. This trend is also emphasized in the borrowing of entire lexical phrases from the thesaurus of native languages. With regard to the grammatical part, a significant deviation from British English is emphasized. The research work results in such grammatical changes as: the use of auxiliary verbs together with semantic ones; the functioning of a simplified form of modern forms of the verb; the productive use of uncountable nouns in speech in the form of a countable nouns; significant deviations from British English in the process of using articles, personal and possessive pronouns.

A Contrastive Analysis of the Morphological and Syntactic Aspects of Urhobo and Ijaw Languages

The study undertakes a contrastive analysis of the morphological and syntactic aspects of Urhobo language and the Izon language, which are two indigenous languages spoken in the Niger Delta area in Nigeria. Contrastive analysis is used as the theory of preference to explore these languages, to show their similarity and points of divergence. The findings from the study attest to the similarity of these languages predictably as a result of their shared origin as they both are from the same Niger-Congo language family. There are cases of exact translations and linguistic interconnectedness between both languages in the morphological level. The study also confirms that there is noticeable difference in all levels of linguistics that makes both languages not mutually intelligible. The research’s implications include recommendations for language teaching and preservation as both languages are highly relevant for intercultural communication. The study also recommends that further research should be done in Nigeria’s indigenous languages as a way to respect and maintain unique linguistic identities. Scholars from different Nigerian languages should encourage the development and the growth of the indigenous languages to stop them from going into extinction. English language is the official language in Nigeria, it is the language of government, commerce, education, law, mass media and other areas of communication at the official level. The Nigerian language learner encounters so many problems in learning English. This paper reveals the importance of our indigenous languages.

Development Model of Augmented Reality: A Need Analysis of Vocabulary Book for ESP Students

Abstract. The real challenge in 5.0 society requires meeting the needs of future generations who can use foreign languages and master technology. This study investigated the need for specific learning sources or materials for vocational students specifically majoring in Informatics Engineering in vocabulary learning. Since vocabulary is a fundamental language aspect of using English in reciprocal communications, this study is a type of survey research that uses quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. The instruments used to obtain the data were developed referring to the principal notion of a need assessment proposed by Hutchinson and Waters, validated by a language expert, and served through a questionnaire. The setting of this study involved 48 students of Vocational Students of Informatics Engineering at a private vocational school in Jakarta, Indonesia. The results showed that students of Informatics Engineering at vocational schools must be able to communicate in English, both written and spoken, using the specific term related to their department. Besides studying ESP to work, some students planned to continue to higher education with expertise in linear education. Therefore, they need to learn vocabulary with the integration of technology as they are supposed to deal with it in their field of work in informatics engineering to join the 5.0 society with the advancement of augmented reality-based media. Keywords: Technology, Augmented Reality, Vocabulary, English for Specific Purposes, Vocational School

“Confucius Institute” at Novosibirsk State University: Teaching Chinese Today

In 2023, the number of native Chinese language teachers at Novosibirsk State University and its partner universities in the Confucius Institute project returned to pre-pandemic levels, and the scale of educational activities and related projects such as a summer language camp in China were restored. The article discusses issues of staffing and measures in the field of improving the professional level of teachers, features of teaching Chinese language (ways of involving Chinese teachers in vocational, secondary and additional education programs, models of interaction between Chinese and Russian teachers such as joint classes, independent classes with separate presentation of different types of educational material within one course or teaching certain aspects of the Chinese language). The activities of the Confucius Institute in the field of holding competitions in the Chinese language and the results of students’ participation in competitions of various levels are also shown. Stimulating the competitive activity of students, according to the authors, is an important additional condition for the development of their language skills and achievements in competitions which indicate a high level of language training provided by the Confucius Institute centre.

Content Analysis of Learning Videos on Indonesian Language Material in Elementary Schools on the Rumah Belajar Portal

Learning videos are already widely present around us, because they have helped students learn and teach teachers today. Learning video content must be in accordance with the needs of the teaching and learning process. This research was motivated by researchers' concerns about the appropriateness of learning video content in accordance with basic competencies, learning objectives and integrated learning themes, one of which is the presentation of Indonesian language material in elementary schools. The aim of this research is to determine the feasibility of aspects of material composition, presentation structure and language in Indonesian language materials in elementary schools in the construction of learning videos on the Rumah Belajar Portal platform. In this case, the researcher tested the feasibility based on 3 aspects, namely the material composition aspect, the presentation structure aspect and the language aspect of the learning video. The content of elementary school Indonesian language material learning videos needs to be researched because this is to determine the appropriateness of the content for presenting Indonesian language material in elementary schools in learning videos which have contributed to the world of Indonesian education by producing many learning videos. This research uses a content analysis method through a qualitative approach.

Development of interactive learning multimedia based on Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual (SAVI) approach assisted by Articulate Storyline 3 on circular motion material

There are limited learning approaches and laboratory facilities regarding developing interactive learning multimedia for circular motion material. Therefore, this research aims to develop interactive multimedia learning based on the Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual (SAVI) approach assisted by Articulate Storyline 3 on circular motion material. This research is a type of research and development of the ADDIE model. The respondents involved were 31 students in class XI MIPA B and XI MIPA C. Experts validated the product from media, material, and language aspects. Product validity was analyzed using the Aiken V technique. The Aiken V index scores were 0.89, 0.92, and 0.89 for assessing media, material, and language aspects. The practicality assessment resulted in an average of 96%, which shows high practicality in the learning context. In conclusion, this SAVI-based interactive multimedia has been validated by experts and is well received by students. So, it has proven to be very suitable for effective learning at Darussalam Rajapolah Integrated High School, Tasikmalaya. This research implies that the development of interactive learning multimedia based on the Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual (SAVI) approach assisted by Articulate Storyline 3 on circular motion material can be a solution to overcome the limitations of traditional learning approaches and laboratory facilities in teaching the concept of circular motion.

Development of Multimedia-Based Sex Education Media in Efforts to Educate Parents in Betung Village, Abab District

This study aims to develop multimedia-based sex education media as a valid and practical parental education effort using the Research and development (RnD) research method, with the Borg and Gall development model implemented in Betung Village, Abab District. There were 21 subjects in the study, with the following stages: initial data collection, product design, product validation, product revision, and product testing. The data collection technique used in this study was a questionnaire which produced a product in the form of animas Sex Education video media. The implementation of animated video media was carried out in two stages, namely one-to-one trials and small group trials. The results of this study are sex education media in the form of animated videos which have a validity level on the language aspect getting a total score of 28 with a percentage of 77%, material aspects getting a total score of 34 with a percentage of 94%, and the media aspect getting a total score of 35 with a percentage of 97%. . Based on the validation results, it can be concluded that the development of sex education media in an effort to educate parents is categorized as very valid or very practical