The transformation of electromagnetic waves into Langmuir oscillations (and vice versa) is explicitly examined in the vicinity where the wave frequency matches the electron plasma frequency in an inhomogeneous plasma. For an unmagnetized plasma with a linear density profile of scale length L, closed-form, analytic expressions are derived, in terms of Airy functions, for the reflection and mode conversion coefficients of Langmuir and electromagnetic waves utilizing a source approximation that is valid when the electromagnetic field scale length is large compared to that of the electrostatic field. The technique developed to determine the energy flux coefficients and the fields is general enough to apply to a plasma with a profile other than a linear one, and should prove useful in other problems where a scale length separation is valid. The reflection coefficient for the ‘‘direct’’ problem (incident electromagnetic wave) is equal in magnitude to that of the ‘‘inverse’’ problem (incident electrostatic wave) and the corresponding mode conversion coefficients satisfy energy conservation. The mode conversion coefficient of the warm, collisionless problem is independent of electron temperature, T, in the limit of small T, and is equal in magnitude to the mode conversion coefficient of the cold, collisional problem, which is likewise independent of the collision frequency. It also depends on the angle of incidence θ and the vacuum scale length k0L, and for T/mc2≪1, agrees with earlier, numerical calculations.