Lane-changing Rules Research Articles

Analysis of traffic congestion induced by the work zone

Based on the cellular automata model, a meticulous two-lane cellular automata model is proposed, in which the driving behavior difference and the difference of vehicles’ accelerations between the moving state and the starting state are taken into account. Furthermore the vehicles’ motion is refined by using the small cell of one meter long. Then accompanied by coming up with a traffic management measure, a two-lane highway traffic model containing a work zone is presented, in which the road is divided into normal area, merging area and work zone. The vehicles in different areas move forward according to different lane changing rules and position updating rules. After simulation it is found that when the density is small the cluster length in front of the work zone increases with the decrease of the merging probability. Then the suitable merging length and the appropriate speed limit value are recommended. The simulation result in the form of the speed–flow diagram is in good agreement with the empirical data. It indicates that the presented model is efficient and can partially reflect the real traffic. The results may be meaningful for traffic optimization and road construction management.

Study of highway lane-changing model under rain weather

Rainfall decreases road adhesion coefficient and sight distance of drivers, these can easily lead to traffic accidents which affect the road traffic efficiency. To study the vehicle lane-changing behavior under rainfall conditions, the adhesion coefficient parameter and drivers' reaction delay time parameter are introduced into the safety distance model. Based on the relationship between rainfall intensity and the water film thickness as well as the relationship among the road adhesion coefficient, water film thickness, and vehicle speed, the influence of rainfall on the road adhesion coefficient is quantified. And based on the relationship between visibility distance under rainfall condition and safe distance upon stopping sight distance, the influence of rainfall on drivers' reaction delay time is quantified. Therefore, the safety distance is different under different rainfall conditions and vehicle speed, it no longer is a fixed value like in other lane-changing models by quantifying the two parameters. The improved lane-changing model is established by considering the influence of the speed difference on vehicle lane-changing behavior; the speed difference is not only existing between the research vehicle and the adjacent lane vehicle ahead, but also between the research vehicle and the adjacent lane after the car. And the safety distance model including the two parameters is embedded in the improved lane-changing model by the lane-changing rules. For the three-lane traffic, the lane-changing rules which take into consideration the safety distance and the speed difference are established respectively for each lane, and the simulation analysis is conducted using cellular automata based on the above mentioned rules. Simulation results show that in the medium density the lane-changing rates in the rain condition are significantly lower compared with sunny days, the biggest drop is about 25%. Through comparison and analysis of the space-time diagrams and the speed-time curve of one vehicle at different traffic density on rain days and sunny days, the improved model redisplays the phenomenon of free flow, free flow into dynamic blocking flow in the absence of external cause, and the phenomenon of vehicles stopping and going under blocking flow. In the medium and high densities, the rain causes more traffic congestion, and the frequency and duration of traffic congestion in space-time diagram increase accordingly; the low speed and the speed of zero state increase gradually in the speed-time curve.

Lane-changing behavior and its effect on energy dissipation using full velocity difference model

In real urban traffic, roadways are usually multilane with lane-specific velocity limits. Most previous researches are derived from single-lane car-following theory which in the past years has been extensively investigated and applied. In this paper, we extend the continuous single-lane car-following model (full velocity difference model) to simulate the three-lane-changing behavior on an urban roadway which consists of three lanes. To meet incentive and security requirements, a comprehensive lane-changing rule set is constructed, taking safety distance and velocity difference into consideration and setting lane-specific speed restriction for each lane. We also investigate the effect of lane-changing behavior on distribution of cars, velocity, headway, fundamental diagram of traffic and energy dissipation. Simulation results have demonstrated asymmetric lane-changing “attraction” on changeable lane-specific speed-limited roadway, which leads to dramatically increasing energy dissipation.

Feedback control scheme for traffic jam and energy consumption based on two-lane traffic flow model

In this paper, a coupled map car-following model is extended to two-lane traffic system. Based on it, the numerical simulations for one stop and series stops situations are performed respectively under the open boundary condition. The evolution of traffic jam and corresponding energy consumption are then explored and compared each other. Additionally, the influences of the lane changing rule and control scheme on traffic jam and energy consumption are investigated separately. The results show that lane changing rule and control scheme are found not only to suppress the traffic jam but also to reduce the energy consumption. The control scheme exhibit better behavior than lane changing rule does in suppressing traffic jam and reducing energy consumption in two-lane traffic system. The outputs of these findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed model to be applicable to evaluate the control schemes for suppressing traffic jam and reducing energy consumption in real traffic condition.

Ship interaction in narrow water channels: A two-lane cellular automata approach

In narrow waterways, closed ships might interact due to hydrodynamic forces. To avoid clashes, different lane-changing rules are required. In this paper, a two-lane cellular automata model is proposed to investigate the traffic flow patterns in narrow water channels. Numerical experiments show that ship interaction can form “lumps” in traffic flow which will significantly depress the flux. We suggest that the lane-changing frequency of fast ships should be limited.

Cellular Automaton-Based Traffic Flow Simulation Model for Traffic Incidents

AbstractTraffic incidents decrease the capacity of road segments and disturb normal traffic flow. Analyzing the evolution of traffic incident effects by building a simulation model for traffic incidents not only helps in better understanding traffic flow characteristics in abnormal conditions, but also provides a theoretical basis for traffic control strategies. Considering the characteristics of driver behavior, this study proposes an improved model of traditional symmetric two-lane cellular automaton (STCA) based on lane-changing rules. Velocity is used to build a traffic simulation cellular automaton model for traffic incident conditions. The improved model simulated traffic flow better than the traditional STCA model.

A modified two-lane traffic model considering drivers’ personality

Based on the two-lane traffic model proposed by Chowdhury et al., a modified traffic model (R-STCA model, for short) is presented, in which the new symmetric lane changing rules are introduced by considering driving behavioral difference and dynamic headway. After the numerical simulation, a broad scattering of simulated points is exhibited in the moderate density region on the flow-density plane. The synchronized flow phase accompanied with the wide moving jam phase is reproduced. The spatial–temporal profiles indicate that the vehicles move according to the R-STCA model can change lane more easily and more realistically. Then vehicles are convenient to get rid of the slow vehicles that turn into plugs ahead, and hence the capacity increases. Furthermore the phenomenon of the high speed car-following is discovered by using the R-STCA model, which has been already observed in the traffic measured data. All these results indicate that the presented model is reasonable and more realistic.

Video traffic analysis using scene and vehicle models

This paper presents a complete system for analyzing a vehicle׳s behavior in the context of real-time traffic video surveillance applications. To obtain the best possible results, it is fundamental to exploit the scene characteristics and the predefined traffic rules. For that purpose, an initial training step is performed that involves estimating the geometrical structure of the road, i.e., the depth relative to the camera, the vanishing points, the road areas itself, the road decomposition (into normal and forbidden traffic lanes or areas), the traffic rules, the typical vehicle trajectories and speeds, and the lane-changing rules. This process leads to a scene model, which is used together with a simple vehicle geometrical model during the vehicle detection, tracking and trajectory estimation phases to improve the robustness against the perspective and occlusion effects. Shadow effects are also accounted for during the moving object detection phase. Finally, this spatio-temporal analysis is used to obtain information that concerns the vehicles׳ behaviors. Experiments show that the information obtained is reliable and can be computed in real time.

A Cellular Automaton Model for Highway: Considering Multi-Lane Traffic Rules

Vehicular flow in highway is inherently complex and development of microscopic models of vehicular flow has been a daunting task for researchers. This paper presents the use of Cellular automata (CA) micro simulation for modeling multi-lane traffic characteristics in highway, as well as considering the average speed difference (ASD) and lane-changing rules (LCR) in the CA model. Firstly, on the base of the Symmetric Two-Lane Cellular Automata (STCA) model, we analyzed the impact on traffic characteristics, through adjusting the maximum speed and lane-changing rules. Secondly, by the micro simulation, the relationships between speed and density in traffic flow were given considering the ASD and the LCR. The simulation results showed that, (a) the more obvious of speed dispersion, the more serious about speed declining, (b) the speed of overall traffic flow slowed down by 163% under extreme conditions, (c) the more reckless of lane-changing rule drivers used, the higher speed of traffic flow can reach.

Mutil-Conditions Impress Nonsingular Dimensional Cellular Automaton on Traffic Flow

This paper is based on Nagel-Schreckenberg cellular automata model as the foundation, in the open boundary conditions, the traffic vehicle redirecting probability and before lane changing rules get to intersection will produce certain effect to interference with intersection , and so as to builds up the nonsingular cellular automata model. Through the research to redirecting probability, lane changing rules and the settings of traffic lights play a part in traffic flow characteristics, and points out the influence of phase change point position ,and at the same time, traffic lights timing differences can reduce vehicle interference to increase traffic flow, at the same time, play a analysis the critical redirecting probability of traffic flow in controlling significance, and points out the relationship between the critical point of Lane changing probability and traffic flow influence ,and lane-changing rules is correspond to the basic line of vehicles running.

Study on the Traffic Behavior of On-Ramp System Considering Driver Behavior

based on the main road into a two lane entrance ramp system the open boundary conditions, using the asymmetric lane changing rules, considering driver behavior characteristics, from standpoint of safety driving ,simulate the entrance ramp system. We get a basic road map different entrance probability of flow, velocity, and analyze the driving safety.compared with reference, and the reference results show that after considering driver behavior, in the ramp at the interface, reduce the interaction with the main ramp,not only the system traffic flow in each section is improved, and but also improve the driving safety.Considering the entrance ramp system driver behavior can be simulated more in line with the running state of the vehicle in real life.

Asymmetric coupling in two-lane simple exclusion processes with Langmuir kinetics: phase diagrams and boundary layers.

We use boundary layer analysis for an open system consisting of two parallel totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes with Langmuir kinetics under a biased lane-changing rule. The two kinds of phase transitions--bulk transitions and surface transitions--have been examined. The dynamics of shock and their dependence on the system parameters have been investigated. We find a reduction in the number of steady-state phases with increase in lane-changing rate.

Optimization of the design of pre-signal system using improved cellular automaton.

The pre-signal system can improve the efficiency of intersection approach under rational design. One of the main obstacles in optimizing the design of pre-signal system is that driving behaviors in the sorting area cannot be well evaluated. The NaSch model was modified by considering slow probability, turning-deceleration rules, and lane changing rules. It was calibrated with field observed data to explore the interactions among design parameters. The simulation results of the proposed model indicate that the length of sorting area, traffic demand, signal timing, and lane allocation are the most important influence factors. The recommendations of these design parameters are demonstrated. The findings of this paper can be foundations for the design of pre-signal system and show promising improvement in traffic mobility.

Effects of Car Accidents on Three-Lane Traffic Flow

A three-lane traffic flow model is proposed to investigate the effect of car accidents on the traffic flow. The model is an extension of the full velocity difference (FVD) model by taking into account the lane changing. The extended lane-changing rules are presented to model the lane-changing behaviour. The cases that the car accidents occupy the exterior or interior lane, the medium lane, and two lanes are studied by numerical simulations. The time-space diagrams and the current diagrams are presented, and the traffic jams are investigated. The results show that the car accident has a different effect on the traffic flow when it occupies different lanes. The car accidents have a more serious effect on the whole road when they occupy two lanes. The larger the density is, the greater the influence on the traffic flow becomes.

The Vehicle’s Lane-Changing Rules of On-Ramp System

In order to observe the feather of traffice of on-ramp system in simulation experiments more truly, four different lane changing rules are presented based on the point of safe-distance. Experiment results show that the lane changing rules do have an important impact on the traffic flow of on-ramp system. The rule without safe-distance could make the capacity of the on-ramp section get its biggest value, while the capacity of upstream and downstream of main road both gets brought down; the rule considering forward and backward safe-distance could make the upstream section, downstream section and the whole system get their biggest value.

The effect of moving bottlenecks on a two-lane traffic flow

In this paper, we study the effect of moving bottlenecks on traffic flow. The full velocity difference (FVD) model is extended to the traffic flow on a two-lane highway, and new lane changing rule is proposed to reproduce the vehicular lane changing behavior. Using this model, we derive the fundamental current—density diagrams for the traffic flow with the effect of moving bottleneck. Moreover, typical time—space diagram for a two-lane highway shows the formation and dissipation of a moving bottleneck. Results demonstrate that the effect of moving bottleneck enlarges with the increase of traffic density, but the effect can be reduced by increasing the maximum velocity of heavy truck. The effects of multiple moving bottlenecks under different conditions are investigated. The effect becomes more remarkable when the coupling effect of multiple moving bottlenecks occurs.

Impact of stretching-segment on saturated flow rate of signalized intersection using cellular automation

In order to analyze the impact of stretching-segment on the saturated flow rate of signalized intersection approach, an improved cellular automation model was proposed to estimate its saturated flow rate. The NaSch model was improved by adding different slow probabilities, turning deceleration rules and modified lane changing rules. The relationship between the saturated flow rate of stretching-segments and adjacent lanes was tested in numerical simulation. The length of stretching-segment, cycle length and green time were selected as impact factors of the cellular automation model. The simulation result indicates that the geometrics design of stretching-segment and the traffic signal timing scenario have major effects on the saturated flow rate of the intersection approach. The saturated flow rate will continually increase with increasing stretching-segment length until it reaches a threshold. After reaching the threshold, the stretching-segment can be treated as a separate lane. The green time is approximately linearly related to the threshold length of the stretching-segment. An optimum cycle length exists when the length of the stretching-segment is not long enough, and it is approximately linearly related to the length of stretching-segment.

Studying on the Bidirection Two-lane Mixed Cars Traffic Flow Model

Because the pre-existing model of bidirection two-lane mixed cars traffic flow has something doesn’t accord with the actual factors, and unreasonable lane-changing rules may result that the lane-changing vehicles are not able to return to its course so that causes jamming. we consider canceling the restrictions on the queue of low-speed car, combine with FI model, and think when the car is changing lane, the behind vehicles from its adjacent lane have effects on it. The concept about the rear security gap from adjacent channel, the deceleration avoid mechanism and the proportional parameters of mixed car are all introduced, we proposed a new bidirectional two-lane traffic flow model. The fundamental diagrams of the new model are acquired by carrying out numerical simulation, and compares it with the pre-existing model. Furthermore, we studied the system characters of the new model from free flow to the maximum flow, or the blocking phase, as well as the coupling effect of the two lanes. The results show that the new model is more conducive to improve traffic jam, and enhances the utilization of the road; Under different injection and vanishing probability, the critical point of system is different, the system characteristics also had a significant changing; Meanwhile, for the different vehicles mixing ratio, the basic characteristics of the traffic flow is consistent but critical value is different; The emergence of low-speed cars in the mixed traffic flow play a dominant role, and influence on the entire traffic condition.

Simulation Research on On-ramp Traffic Flow Based on Cellular Automata

In order to analyze characteristic of on-ramp traffic flow, a new traffic model of on-ramp system based on the cellular automaton traffic model have been built according to the behavior of changing lane form point of safe distance, and on that basis, four different lane changing rules were put forward, and Affection of four kinds of lane changing rules on-ramp system were analyzed, in the meanwhile, the complex behavior of traffic flow of on-ramp system were discuss. Finally, characteristic of on-ramp traffic flow based on the cellular automaton traffic have been carried out to simulate in order to testify validity, objectivity and applicability by using calculating and comparing analysis. The simulation results show that the lane-changing behavior has a huge effect on the flow of ramp model, and the behavior without considering safe-distance could make the flow of on-ramp section reach the highest point, while the flow of upstream and downstream sections of main road could be obviously suppressed.

Mathematical model of transportation flow dynamics on a multilane highway

We present a microscopic model for the dynamics of a transportation flow based on cellular automata with improved lane changing rules. With this model, we study the influence of crossing transportation flows on the throughput of a multilane highway. For a two-lane highway with an exit, we obtain space-time density diagrams for different distributions of exiting cars along the lanes. Our results indicate how important traffic control is for the throughput of automobile roads.