In recent years, increasing efforts have been made to predict the time, location, and magnitude of future landslides. This study explores the potential application of four state-of-the-art data mining models (logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and Naive Bayes tree) for the spatially explicit prediction of landslide susceptibility across a landslide-prone landscape in the Zagros Mountains, Iran. Fifteen conditioning factors and 272 historical landslide events were used to develop a geospatial database for the study area. A two-step factor analysis procedure based on the multicollinearity analysis and the Gain Ratio technique was performed to measure the predictive utility of the factors and to quantify their contribution to landslide occurrences across the study region. Once the models were successfully trained and validated using several performance metrics (i.e., ROC-AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, RMSE, and Kappa), they were applied to the entire study region to generate distribution maps of landslide susceptibilities. Overall, the random forest model demonstrated the highest training performance (AUC = 0.971; accuracy = 99%; RMSE = 0.120) and ability to predict future landslides (AUC = 0.942; accuracy =87%; RMSE = 0.312), followed by the support vector machine, Naive Bayes tree, and logistic regression models. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test further proved the superiority of the random forest model for mapping landslide susceptibility in the Zagros region. The insights obtained from this research could be useful for the spatially explicit assessment of landslide-prone landscapes and obtaining a better understanding of the capability of different predictive models.