Landscape Recreation Research Articles

Changes in gross ecosystem product and its response to land use changes in forest resource dominant regions: A case study of Zixi County, Jiangxi Province, China.

Forests are one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems and play a crucial role in the construction of ecological civilization. Understanding the changes in gross ecosystem product (GEP) and its response to land use change in areas with unique advantages in forest resources is of great significance for promoting sustainable development. We examined the GEP of Zixi County of Jiangxi Province. Based on the theory and method of ecosystem value accounting, and on the basis of the general indicator system for regulating services (water source conservation, soil conservation, oxygen supply, carbon fixation, climate control, flood regulation, water purification, air cleaning, species conservation) and the general indicator system for cultural services (landscape recreation, education), we added negative oxygen ions and health care indicators and introduced forest ecosystem service correction coefficients to construct a GEP indicator system and method with unique advantages in forest resources. We evaluated the spatio-temporal variations of GEP in 2010, 2017 and 2020, and quantified the impact of land use/land cover change on GEP by means of elasticity index and value profit and loss analysis. The results showed that the GEP of Zixi County in 2010, 2017 and 2020 was 16.788 billion, 26.817 billion, and 38.407 billion yuan, respectively. Forests contri-buted the largest amount of GEP, followed by wetland, farmland, grassland, and town. During the study period, the added value of GEP mainly came from forest ecosystems. Land use change had an important impact on GEP. From 2010 to 2020, the total land use change area in the study area was 8501.88 hm2. The amplitude of land use change was grassland (-2811.17 hm2)>town (1428.06 hm2)>forest (1357.67 hm2)>wetland (1031.05 hm2)> farmland (-1005.01 hm2). The absolute changes of various land use types were mainly occurred from 2017 to 2020. The elasticity index of each indicator on forest ecosystems was significantly higher than that of other ecosystems, indicating that GEP had the highest sensitivity to changes in forest area. The results of value profit and loss analysis showed that urban development had reduced GEP to some extent, while the protection of forest and wetland had increased GEP. From 2010 to 2020, the conversion of land use types in Zixi County led to an increase of 1.865 billion yuan in GEP, indicating that land use change in Zixi County had a positive ecological impact on the whole. Our results reflect the green development effect of Zixi County after becoming a national ecological civilization construction demonstration county, which could provide decision-making support for high-quality development, high-level protection and sustainable development and utilization of land resources in the future, and provide reference for other similar areas of GEP accounting.

The Assessment of Green Poverty Reduction Strategies in Ecologically Fragile Areas: A Case Study of Southern Xinjiang in China

Green poverty reduction is a strategic choice for China to bring ecological benefits as well as economic and social benefits. This study examines three typical models of green poverty reduction strategies in Southern Xinjiang, which is an ecologically fragile region. The data for calculating the comprehensive benefits of the three models were derived from satellite remote sensing data, regional forestry bureau statistics, and survey data from 2021. The economic benefits are calculated to measure the net profit of a certain type of cover such as the supply of timber, forest products, and crops. The ecological benefits are calculated to measure the improvement in water resource regulation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, windbreak and sand fixation, biodiversity conservation, and landscape recreation. The social benefits include providing employment opportunities and government subsidy. The comprehensive benefits are a weighted average over individual benefit categories. We found that the comprehensive benefits of the composite forest model, the drought-resistant crop model, and the industrial transformation model are CNY 288 million, CNY 50 million, and CNY 545 million, respectively. The composite forest model and the industrial transformation model have greater ecological benefits, while the drought-resistant crop model has greater economic benefits.

Integrating ecosystem service supply–demand and ecological risk assessment for urban planning: A case study in Beijing, China

The balance between ecosystem service supply–demand and landscape ecological risk are two crucial aspects influencing the sustainable development of regional ecosystems. Current evaluations ignore these aspects and lead to partial landscape planning in urban areas. As a result, a framework was built for regional planning in urban areas based on multidimensional evaluations of ecosystems for high-efficiency land use planning. First, to determine the ecosystem service balance in regional scale, the supply and demand of five ecosystem services were quantified—biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, water conservation, food production, and landscape recreation. Second, landscape ecological risks were identified using the “natural–social–landscape” research framework combined with spatial principal component analysis. Third, spatial clustering analysis of ecosystem service supply–demand ratios and landscape ecological risks was then performed through spatial autocorrelation, which aimed to identify areas for protection and restoration priority. Finally, GeoDetector was used to determine the main factors influencing ecosystem service balance and landscape ecological risks and develop targeted planning measures. The results revealed an imbalance in total ecosystem service supply–demand in Beijing's plain area, coupled with a high level of landscape ecological risk. The combined ecosystem service supply–demand ratios exhibited a significant negative correlation and aggregation with landscape ecological risk, and the significant area accounted for approximately 31.9% of the total area. Priority areas for protection and restoration accounted for 10.39% and 19.94%, respectively, of the total regional area. Land use, distance to settlements, and vegetation cover were the primary environmental variables influencing the distributions of the combined ecosystem service supply–demand ratios and landscape ecological risk. So, this study emphasizes the need to strengthen intensive land use and prevent the uncontrolled expansion of urban land and settlements. It is crucial to enhance urban green infrastructure construction, promote the development of biodiversity-friendly agriculture, and implement measures such as afforestation restoration to increase regional vegetation cover. Overall, by integrating a framework of ecosystem services and landscape ecological risk, a comprehensive scientific reference can be provided for the efficient land use and sustainable development planning in urban areas.

The Construction of Place Meaning of Historic Parks – A Case Study of People’s Park in Guangzhou, China

Historical parks carry the memories and emotions of local people, and have a historical status and research value that cannot be ignored. This paper introduces the concept of place significance, and based on systematically sorting out related literature, selects Guangzhou People’s Park as the case study, and empirically explores the construction of place significance of it by using the Q method. It is found that the value perception of the place meaning of the People’s Park includes five dimensions: historical display, cultural identity, landscape recreation, physical and mental health, and leisure experience. The study on the perceived value of users of historical parks can provide a reference and some suggestions for historical parks to highlight the city’s image and historical culture as well as to meet the needs of urban leisure life in the context of urban construction.

A study on the influencing factors of river governance effectiveness in the metropolitan area: a case study on the Dali River Basin in Taiwan

Abstract Improving the governance effectiveness of river basin units (RBUs) is often the focus of academic studies. However, the literature on measuring the influencing factors of the river basin governance effectiveness in urban areas is relatively scarce. Therefore, this study employed the theory of governance across boundaries and adopted an exploratory research approach to discover influencing factors, namely Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SPSS questionnaire survey. Resulting from the analysis of in-depth interviews, the top three attention-getting influencing factors in descending order are organizational structure, overall plan, and landscape recreation. In comparison, resulting from the quantitative analysis of the AHP questionnaire, the top three attention-getting influencing factors in descending order are flood protection, overall plan, and ecological conservation. These two findings are significantly different. This study's findings also indicate that the public's satisfaction with the individual governance effectiveness reaches a score of 80.06. The analysis results provide a feedback to RBUs, which can be a policy for revising the plan–do–check–act (PDCA) cycle in order to improve the governance effectiveness.

Analysis of Forest Landscape Preferences and Emotional Features of Chinese Forest Recreationists Based on Deep Learning of Geotagged Photos

Forest landscape preference studies have an important role and significance for forest landscape conservation, quality improvement and utilization. However, there are few studies on objective forest landscape preferences from the perspective of plants and using photos. This study relies on Deep Learning technology to select six case sites in China and uses geotagged photos of forest landscapes posted by the forest recreationists on the “2BULU” app as research objects. The preferences of eight forest landscape scenes, including look down landscape, look forward landscape, look up landscape, single-tree-composed landscape, detailed landscape, overall landscape, forest trail landscape and intra-forest landscape, were explored. It also uses Deepsentibank to perform sentiment analysis on forest landscape photos to better understand Chinese forest recreationists’ forest landscape preferences. The research results show that: (1) From the aesthetic spatial angle, people prefer the flat view, while the attention of the elevated view is relatively low. (2) From the perspective of forest scale and level, forest trail landscape has a high preference, implying that trail landscape plays an important role in forest landscape recreation. The landscape within the forest has a certain preference, while the preference of individual, detailed and overall landscape is low. (3) Although forest landscape photographs are extremely high in positive emotions and emotional states, there are also negative emotions, thus, illustrating that people’s preferences can be both positive and negative.

Spatial correlation between the changes of ecosystem service supply and demand: An ecological zoning approach

Clarifying the spatial and temporal changes in the ecosystem services (ES) supply and demand helps in providing comprehensive supporting information for ecological governance decisions. However, spatial mismatches of the ES supply and demand changes are often overlooked, thereby resulting in the lack of targeted decision-making. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations of ES supply and demand in Guangdong Province during 2000-2015 were quantitatively analyzed at watershed scale. Ecological zoning was conducted on the basis of the temporal changes of ES supply and demand. Spatial correlation of ES supply and demand changes in different zones was further explored. The results showed that, the changes of ES supply and demand showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. The changes in the Pearl River Delta were significant, with ES supply decreasing and ES demand increasing. The ES supply changes were significantly affected by the ES demand changes. All of the ES supply would be significantly affected in the “high supply change–high demand change” zone; grain production, tropical cyclone mitigation, flood mitigation and habitat quality have been significantly affected in the “low supply change–middle demand change” zone; carbon sequestration, landscape recreation, grain production, flood mitigation and habitat quality have been significantly affected in the “low supply change–low demand change” zone. The increase in the land use change may promote the impact of the ES demand changes on the ES supply changes. This study helped in integrating the change of ES supply and demand and its correlation into the ecological protection and restoration system, thus providing a new perspective and approach for a regional sustainable management.

Evaluation of urban forest landscape health: a case study of the Nanguo Peach Garden, China

Abstract: Urban forests are important as they provide recreation areas and offer ecological services. Both functions determine the status of an urban forest and reflect contradictory aspects of forest tourism development and environment conservation. However, assessment of urban forest health status at a landscape scale remains scarce. Here, we selected the Nanguo Peach Garden, China, as the study area. Urban forest health status at the landscape scale were classified into recreation and eco-conservation services. Sustainability was quantified using the principal component analysis and the Kriging method to map the landscape classification in the study area. With regard to landscape recreation sustainability, some 18.9% of the total study region was classified as “very good”. They were mainly distributed in the north, southwest, and southeast parts of the study area. The central and southeast regions, accounting for 9.5% of the total area, were classified as “very good” for eco-conservation sustainability. Regarding landscape health, the region classified as “very good” accounted for 11.1% of the total study area, and it was mainly distributed in the southern part of the area; the region classified as “very poor” accounted for 16.4% of the total area, and it was located in the northwestern and eastern parts of the study area. With improved landscape health status, the forest/non-forest patch area ratio was increased and the patch number ratio was decreased. A landscape was considered the healthiest when the forest/ non-forest area ratio was 0.65 and the patch number was 0.48. The spatial distribution of landscape recreation sustainability and eco-conservation sustainability differed in the Nanguo Peach Garden, and a close relationship was observed between the landscape health and forest landscape internal structure. Forest/non-forest patch area ratios and patch number ratios were relatively stable and constant, suggesting the urban forest landscapes were healthy. The healthiest forest landscapes were mainly distributed in the forest/non-forest transition zone and the unhealthiest forest landscape was mainly located in a single natural forest.

Пространственная организация побережья Ладожского озера с приоритетом развития экологического туризма

The article is devoted to the issue of ecological tourism that is regarded as a priority for the development of the territorial recreational system at Lake Ladoga shore, while the role of landscape-route corridors forming recreational axes is performed by ecological routes. The organization of landscape recreation is considered as a way to solve the problem of conservation of natural complexes, the formation of the ecological framework of the territory. The article presents the results of studying the experience of planning the territories of natural parks, including the Vodlozersky National Park and offers a set of planning methods and technique for their implementation for the development of ecological tourism on the shores of Lake Ladoga. The result of the study is the proposal to create a unified spatial scheme for organizing the territory, covering the entire coastline of Lake Ladoga and combining territorial planning schemes of the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Karelia.

Understanding Tourists’ Willingness-to-Pay for Rural Landscape Improvement and Preference Heterogeneity

With the vigorous development of urbanization and rural tourism, the landscape of villages and towns has undergone tremendous changes under the influence of policies and industries. In order to avoid irreversible changes in the local heritage landscape and promote local sustainable development, it is necessary to strengthen the attention and research on the rural recreation landscape. This research examines the value of rural landscape recreation by applying the choice experiment method (CEM) to a suburban area in Sichuan, China. Mixed logit models were adopted in examining tourists’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for rural landscape improvement and preference heterogeneity. An assessment of the rural landscape’s recreational value was made using the compensating surplus calculation method. Results reported are of four important landscape elements: ecological environment, rural life and associated productive landscape, rural housing, and service landscape, ranked by tourists from high-to-low. A major finding of the research is that an increase in rural tourism is dependent upon improvements to landscape elements. The results of this research can provide policymakers with valuable information necessary to develop a successful plan to attract and increase tourism in rural areas of China.

GEOMEDICAL TOURISM – OUTDOOR HEALTH CARE FACILITIES ANTI-GEOPATHIC STRESS TREATMENT

Geopathic stress and electrosmog affect on the human health in different ways. The list of symptoms is varied and very impressive, but the real problems posed for the study require a specialized approach to diagnosing the main causes of its occurrence and determines the presence of a new type of disease which described by the WHO in 2002 as "Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity Syndrome - EHS". Our attention as researchers focuses on the capabilities of geopathology (geobiology) to identify the causes of geopathic stress and to describe solutions for its neutralization. The aim of presented study was to create specialized tourism destination in pure nature for wellbeing and prevention of geopathic stress and electrosmog impact. The goal is to test the geomedical tourism as a special approach and problem solving. Objects of research: 16 famous Wellness and SPA destinations from 4 countries: Bansko, Sunny Beach, Pomorie (Bulgaria), Sulzberg- Bregenz (Austria), Ochrid (N Macedonia), Bad Griesbach (Germany) which were examined in 2010-2017. Methods: Test of differentiated self-assessment of the functional state (SAN), Applied Kinesiology Test, Geopathic stress Sequences (GSAS) and geomedical assessment of environment. Results: the core of Geomedical tourism destination management is a geomedical environment assessment of Climate recreation potential, Forest recreation potential- herbs, woods, lichens, Landscape recreation assessment, Environment assessment, Geopathic stress evaluation, Geological places assessment, Biomedical assessment of natural resources and Wellbeing effect. Some outlined benefits of outdoor recreation including post treatment geopathic stress analysis and Applied Kinesiology test-AK. Their positive results we can apply as an additional key for Geomedical tourism destination’s modelling. Our results from SAN test before and after treatment are very motivated to go over it. Conslusion. Geomedical tourism as a live style coaching including outdoor physical exercises, anti-stress massages, special nutrition menu, breathing treatment, forest meditation and geotherapy. Obviously, all forms of proactive and reactive healthcare including geomedical practices are part of health prevention tourism. Outcomes of Geomedical tourism: Creation and promotion of Individual Well Fare Guidelines for sustainability ecological and social life.

Integrating Biophysical and Sociocultural Methods for Identifying the Relationships between Ecosystem Services and Land Use Change: Insights from an Oasis Area

Identifying the relationships between ecosystem services (ESs) and land use change is crucial for ES management and sustainable regional development. The Manas region in China has witnessed dramatic reclamation activities in its desert areas that resulted in ecological problems. The changes in eight ESs, including crop production (CP), livestock production (LP), soil conservation (SC), water yield (WY), sand fixation (SF), carbon sequestration (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and nature landscape recreation (NLR), were investigated by using biophysical and questionnaire methods. At the regional scale, provisioning services (i.e., CP and LP) showed some performance improvements, whereas most of the regulating services (i.e., WY, CS, and HQ) along with NLR showed a performance decline. Five ES bundles—Upper Mountain, Foothill, Oasis, Oasis–Desert Transition, and Desert bundle—were identified at the township scale via k-means clustering. From 2000 to 2015, the Oasis bundle sprawled as a result of oasisization, whereas the Oasis–Desert Transition and Foothill bundles decreased. We performed a questionnaire survey and a statistical analysis to identify the causes behind the performance improvement/decline of these ESs and found that the land use changes in the Manas region had a significant impact on these services. More than 50% of the survey respondents identified land use changes as the primary driver of the changes in some ESs (i.e., CP, CS, HQ, and NLR). In the correlation and partial correlation analyses, oasisization was significantly and positively correlated with CP but was negatively correlated with WY, CS, HQ, and NLR. We enhanced the reliability of our conclusions by integrating biophysical and sociocultural methods into our investigation of ES and land use change. In view of the huge losses in regulating and cultural services, the Manas region should limit its desert reclamation activities to control the expansion of its oasis and to improve the quality of its cropland. Our results can help formulate effective ES management and land use decisions in the Manas region or similar areas.

BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PLANNING TASKS OF THE LANDSCAPE AND RECREATIONAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE LADOGA LAKE COAST ATTRIBUTABLE TO AREA FEATURES

The paper discusses natural and climatic characteristics of Ladoga Lake coastal areas and their influence on the landscape and recreational arrangement of the coast. Basic principles of spatial arrangement are provided which are based on the continuity of the natural and environmental structure and the continuity of recreation areas and points of attraction backed by transport and pedestrian connections. The rugged terrain of Ladoga Lake coastal areas can and should be used as effectively as possible for creation of a landscape and recreational space. Due to climatic characteristics, special attention should be paid not to beach recreation but to other types of recreation and health improvement based on unique and diverse natural constituents of the Ladoga Lake coast. A spatial arrangement model of recreational functions should be able to transform considering the seasonal use. By virtue of natural and climatic factors, terrain features, historical and cultural significance of the Ladoga Lake coast, nature tourism (eco-tourism) should become one of the basic directions for arranging recreation areas. Assurance of the preservation and sustainable restoration of natural resources (water resources, forest resources, etc.) through provision of an integral natural and environmental structure of the area gains paramount importance in the process of arranging the landscape recreation.

九寨沟景观游憩价值评估及空间分异研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 九寨沟景观游憩价值评估及空间分异 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201412222551 作者: 作者单位: 上海商学院,上海师范大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41271554） An assessment of the jiuzhaigou landscape recreational value and spatial variation Author: Affiliation: Shang Business School,Shanghai Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:九寨沟作为国家级自然保护区、风景名胜区和世界自然遗产地，面临在有效保护自然资源的同时最大化地满足人类游憩服务需求的挑战。学者已经采用CVM、TCM等不同方法的测算九寨沟游憩价值，并针对测算结果的有效性和信度进行探讨，但以往的研究方法无法测算不同旅游资源的游憩价值贡献。以景观服务为视角，通过景观游憩服务识别的方法，进行不同旅游资源价值评估。同类旅游资源因位置不同、个人偏好不同也会产生不同的价值贡献，以参与式制图的方法进行不同游憩服务点的感知评价，实现游憩价值的空间分异研究。采用参与式制图与条件价值法（CVM）相结合的方法，实现游客对游憩服务点的感知评价和位置制图，并完成游客对游憩服务的支付意愿调研，实现价值空间分异研究，共调研730人，有效样本614。分析发现，2012年九寨沟游憩支付意愿率为72.95%，取旅游者意愿支付平均值354.98元，测算九寨沟自然保护区2012年的游憩价值为9.4亿元，其中价值最高是高山湖泊、瀑布、滩流等观赏水体，为2.9亿元，最低的是观赏植物，为0.47亿元。从空间位置来看，单位价值高的游憩服务点主要集中在几条沟谷两侧，特别是已开发的树正沟、日则沟和则查洼沟。游憩价值的空间分异研究注重不同位置旅游资源价值贡献的强弱对比，以期为九寨沟自然保护区的具体监控管理提供依据。 Abstract:Jiuzhaigou is a national nature reserve, tourist attraction, and a natural World Heritage site, and its managers face the challenge of effectively protecting its environmental and cultural resources while meeting the needs of recreational visitors. Contingent valuation (CVM) and travel cost (TCM) methods have been used to evaluate the total recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, but such methods cannot measure the individual recreational values of various tourism resources. This study adopted a landscape services perspective to identify and evaluate the value of such tourism resources. In addition, participatory mapping of recreational service points was used to indicate personal preferences and the perceived value of individual tourism resources across the valley. A combination of participatory mapping and CVM was used to determine tourists' evaluations of service points and willingness to pay for various recreation resources. The tourists also participated in determining the location of landscape recreation points. Based on the survey results, the value of recreational resources and their spatial variation was evaluated. A total of 730 respondents were interviewed to determine their willingness to pay (WTP) for recreational resource protection, and 614 valid responses were obtained. Approximately 73% of respondents had a positive willingness to pay for recreational services. The average value a tourist was willing to pay was 354.98 yuan, and based on this figure, the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou was estimated at 0.94 billion yuan for 2012. The mountain lakes, waterfalls, and other areas of the water landscape had the highest recreational value (290 million yuan). The spatial distribution of highly valued recreation service points exhibited a high concentration on both sides of the developed valleys. Zharu valley received fewer visitors but had a higher recreational value than other areas. Contingent value assessment is an important technique used in non-market resource protection and utilization studies and has received increasing attention. Further research is needed to explore the reliability and validity of this method, and its applications to ecological landscape planning and the sustainable development of tourism. Research is also needed on spatial differentiation in the recreational value of tourism resources to provide the basis for specific monitoring and management of Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Agriculture, research and tourism in the landscape of Lake Baringo, Kenya

Lake Baringo and its environs are an incongruous landscape, an archetypal example of landscape degeneration, a laboratory for scientific research and a playground for the moderately prosperous. Landscape degeneration has resulted from natural processes of drought, deluge and locusts working in concert with overgrazing induced by land use changes accompanying colonialization. Scientists have concentrated on natural history topics as well as problems associated with land abuse. The landscape's recreation component is not readily explainable. It is based on Kenya's indigenous and resident middle class now supplemented by increasing numbers of birders and package tourists. The infrastructure supporting recreation eases the difficulty of scientific research, thus tending to stimulate it. Evidence suggests that the local population, though thoroughly grounded in pastoralism, nevertheless understands the various components of its landscape and exploits them accordingly. Lake Baringo and its environs are unsuitable for designation as a national park or equivalent reserve, and landscape restoration techniques may be broadly considered. So far however the area has been regarded only as degraded pasture, a single dimension that leaves little room for hope. Viewed as a landscape of several dimensions including pasture, research and recreation, the situation, particularly in light of the residents' reaction to the complex, is considerably more hopeful.

The Re-Creation of Landscape: A Study of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Constable, and Turner

The Re-Creation of Landscape: A Study of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Constable, and Turner

The Re-Creation of Landscape: A Study of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Constable and Turner

The Re-Creation of Landscape: A Study of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Constable and Turner

The Re-Creation of Landscape: A Study of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Constable, and Turner James A. W. Heffernan

The Re-Creation of Landscape: A Study of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Constable, and Turner James A. W. Heffernan