Abstract Cities and towns have dotted the landscape of Taiwan for several centuries and in recent years have come to dominate as the loci of human activity. As a measure of economic development, city growth and urbanization strongly reflect Twentieth Century economic development and suggest Taiwan is converting into a modern industrial space-economy. Such intensified urban growth, especially in the larger cities and towns, brings with it new problems as well as the challenge to provide improved environments for modern Chinese urban dwellers. Despite the cloudy political future of Taiwan, continued rapid economic and city growth seem likely and raise new questions about how best to house and feed future populations. Problems and possibilities seen in urbanization and city growth in Taiwan may prove meaningful to Western teachers and students in interpreting similar developments in other third-world states.