Landscape Facilities Research Articles

Adding Green to Architectures: Empirical Research Based on Indoor Vertical Greening of the Emotional Promotion on Adolescents

Good architectural space design can bring positive emotional stimulation and relaxation to users, but few studies have investigated the quantitative indicators in architectural space design and their impact on user emotions. This study takes the right-angle sandwich interface system in architecture as an example to guide the next vertical greening simulation experiment by comparing the spatial quantitative differences in connection value, integration degree, and population agglomeration. Eighty adolescent volunteers were recruited into a control (artificial decorative wall) and experimental (green wall) group based on wall type. We compared their physiological and psychological indicators, including blood pressure and blood oxygen, and psychological indicators, including POMS and SIAI-S scales. Then, we made predictive factor judgements on vertical green elements. The quantification of the interior space of the building showed consistency in parameter changes, with the central area being the area of connectivity, integration, and crowd aggregation values. After the experiment, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate (p = 0.00) and a significant decrease in tension, anger, fatigue, depression, and panic (p = 0.00). The quantitative relationship between vertical greening elements and emotional promotion using stepwise linear exploration shows that the “vine” element is a significant predictive factor for diastolic blood pressure, T-A emotion, and SIAI-S values. The results enrich the indoor optimization and creation expansion paths of interface systems for various spatial experiences and further provide guidance for urban indoor green construction plans and green landscape facility planning via the emotional influence of indoor vertical space greening on young people.

Assessment of Recreational Activities and Greening of Urban-Parks in Kharkiv

Abstract Urban-parks, as sports and gaming locations, are a new type of landscape facilities in Ukraine, the first of which were created in Kharkiv. The three urban-parks in Kharkiv have been studied: Molodizhnyi, Saltivskyi and urban-park on Yuriyeva Bulevard. Recreational studies and plant inventories have been conducted to determine the popularity of the parks in 2021. The recreation surveys considered two indicators: the degree of recreation and the length of time visitors spent in the park. Field surveys were conducted in August and October. Saltivskyi urban-park was the most visited, and Molodizhnyi park was the least visited. The presence of playgrounds for pre-school children and children with disabilities makes Saltivskyy more attractive. The calculation of the average length of stay of the visitors on the territory showed that the visitors spend from 1,3 h/day to 1,77 h/day in the urban-parks. It is possible to identify shortcomings in the design of urban parks and make suggestions for their improvement based on the results of recreational load and greenery inventory assessment in urban-parks. The inventory showed that the area of green spaces in the urban-parks has decreased as a result of reconstruction. The level of greenery in Saltivskyi and Molodizhnyi urban parks is rather low and does not meet national regulatory requirements. There are 28 plant taxa of 11 families used in landscaping of the urban-parks, the greatest diversity in Molodizhnyi has been observed. It is necessary to optimize the existing assortment of plants. Some of them are not in a good sanitary condition, which has a negative impact on the overall decorative appearance of the plants and the parks in general.

A Study of Environmental Education Requirements in Urban Theme Parks from the Perspective of Adolescents

Starting from the perspective of adolescents, this study selects the Maritime Silk Road Art Park in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, as the focal point for investigating environmental education requirements for urban theme parks. It comprehensively reviews existing literature and research findings, establishes evaluation indices for environmental education requirements, and systematically analyzes collected data through questionnaires and interviews. The study employs the Kano model to initiate a survey focusing on requirement types and importance ranking at the Maritime Silk Road Art Park. It aims to identify improvement factors and key factors, subsequently conducting a detailed analysis, summary, and explanation of the environmental education requirements for the youth. The results indicate that 11 out of the 25 requirement factors, categorized into five groups, significantly impact youth satisfaction. Based on the sensitivity ranking of improvement factors, these include the following: environmental education game, landscape facility, leisure and recreation facility, plant landscape planning, “five senses experience” activity, trail route design, guided signage facility, public sanitation facility, facility maintenance management, park functional zoning, and consultancy services platform. Through an in-depth analysis of the five prevalent factors influencing environmental education requirements in urban theme parks for adolescents, this study establishes a scientific evaluation system centered on the construction of urban theme parks. It integrates with the development and construction of the parks, proposing innovative and constructive suggestions based on a summary of the analysis results. The aim is to provide references and insights for similar requirements in other theme parks.

Improvement of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) Properties Using a Heat Treatment Process for Landscaping Materials and Evaluation of Its Durability against Biotic/Abiotic Factors

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of large-scale heat treatment on Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) grown in South Korea. The process involved multiple stages, including pretreatment, boiling, steaming, heating, and cooling. Heat treatment successfully reduced the water content to below 3% and increased the specific gravity from 0.62 to 1.12, thereby enhancing dimensional stability and strength. Following an ultraviolet-accelerated weathering test, the heated Moso bamboo exhibited improved color stability (ΔE 5.84) compared to untreated bamboo (ΔE 9.92). Furthermore, the heat-treated bamboo demonstrated high resistance against wood-rot fungi (weight loss < 10%) and termites (weight loss approximately 2%). In contrast to small lab-scale drying processes, this study employed a pilot-scale kiln for mass production, resulting in large-sized Moso bamboo with enhanced properties. This study revealed that distinct results, including extractives and lignin-degraded compounds, persisted in heated Moso bamboo cells after the heat treatment. The overall improvement in deterioration resistance, achieved through heat treatment, significantly contributes to the durability and longevity of bamboo materials in outdoor settings, such as landscape facilities.

The Communion of Digital Media Art and the Aesthetics of Smart City Public Art in an Interdisciplinary Context

Abstract The integration of digital media art into the public art design of the smart city can enhance people’s participation and sense of identity in the art design of public space and maximize the attractiveness and cultural connotation of the city itself. Based on this, this paper builds a fusion technology framework mainly based on digital projection technology and digital interaction technology, proposes an interactive projection technology integrating digital projection and Kinect, and combines the dynamic scene image splicing and alignment fusion technology to realize the interaction between the user and the digital scene. In the case analysis of Qianjiang New City, the number of visitors reached 31.55 million in 2022. The evaluation score of landscape facilities in the public evaluation of architectural landscape is under 3.5. The overall evaluation grade is only “general,” and the evaluation mean value of the degree of intelligence of landscape facilities is only 3.089. The comprehensive evaluation satisfaction of the digital landscape includes multimedia landscape, architectural landscape, and landscape facilities, and the average value of the evaluation of the degree of intelligence of the landscape facilities is only 3.089. The satisfaction value of the multimedia landscape, landscape of buildings and structures, and water landscape in the evaluation of satisfaction is 4.36, 4.159, and 4.027, respectively, which reaches the level of “good” satisfaction, while the satisfaction value of landscape facilities is 3.479, which is less than 3.5. The satisfaction level only reaches the level of “general.” The satisfaction value of landscape facilities is 3.479, which is less than 3.5, and the satisfaction level is only “fair.”

Evaluation method of rationality of urban landscape facility design based on neural network

Evaluation method of rationality of urban landscape facility design based on neural network

국내 관광·레저 시설의 사고 발생 특징 분석

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status and change trends of tourism·leisure facilities in South Korea, and to identify factors (types and causes) of accidents in each facility by collecting accident cases (from 2011 to 2023) and conducting chi-square test. As a result, the tourism and leisure facilities have rapidly increased throughout the country within the last 10 years. Some facilities have become deteriorated, operated in unmanned systems, longer and higher, and more unique and combined. In tramway facilities (cableway, monorail), stationary facility mainly occurred due to mechanical defects compared with other facilities. In landscape facilities (pedestrian suspension bridge, sky-walk), fall accidents mostly caused by individual negligence and operating system problem. Finally, in adventure facilities (zip-line), collision (including rear-end) accidents significantly resulted from mechanical and operating system factors. Therefore, it should be required more intensive safety management for accident prevention of tourism and leisure by improving legal and institution, and developing safety education and training programs.

Recycled Waste Materials in Landscape Design for Sustainable Development (Al-Ahsa as a Model)

When we think about sustainability, the most common understanding relates to the environment, economy, and social issues. Environmental art is increasingly becoming a medium to address environmental challenges that offer many opportunities when included in the work of sustainable development. The research methodology explores the relevance of art and design projects using recycled or waste materials in landscape park architecture for sustainability, helping to preserve natural resources and protect the environment. Additionally, designing a landscape park in Al-Ahsa Governorate using recycled waste materials will educate society about sustainability via artistic creativity. The applied side, designing a group of artworks, was completed using computer graphic programs and AI systems to improve the visual landscape’s architectural aesthetics through sculpture parks, public sets, etc. The result provides evidence that parks in Al-Ahsa lack artwork, color, and the application of recycled materials in landscape facilities which make a negative contribution to the quality of life of society. Using recycled and waste materials in artwork will contribute to a healthy ecological system and preserve natural resources. Urban landscape designers should consider the addition of parks, land formation, growing plants, artwork, and cheerfully colored furniture with other landscape architecture facilities, which will improve people’s moods and the appearance of cities.

Relevance between Tourist Behavior and the Spatial Environment in Huizhou Traditional Villages—A Case Study of Pingshan Village, Yi County, China

In recent years, the tourism industry in traditional villages has been developing rapidly due to the national call to vigorously advocate for and promote traditional culture, but there are plenty of problems and challenges facing the protection and development of traditional villages. The GPS action tracking method was adopted in this study to investigate the trajectory of tourists in typical traditional villages of Huizhou and to screen out different spatial sites with different characteristics based on the kernel density analysis. Thereby, people’s behavior in different spatial sites were analyzed in depth using the method of behavior observation, and ultimately, the relevance between the spatial environment of traditional villages, the characteristics of tourists’ actions, and their staying preferences were discussed, and hence an improvement strategy of spatial optimization was put forward accordingly. The research shows that, in Huizhou traditional villages, different scales and forms of space will affect tourists’ tour paths; the unreasonable distribution of commercial formats leads to the uneven distribution of village vitality; and traditional elements and landscape facilities are more likely to cause tourists to demonstrate a variety of behaviors. These findings provide (1) a basis for further understanding the spatial characteristics of traditional villages in Huizhou; (2) a basis for the spatial optimization of traditional villages; and (3) a new research perspective and feasible technical route for the protection, renewal, and sustainable development of traditional villages in other regions.

Post-Disaster Restoration and Reconstruction Assessment of the Jiuzhaigou Lake Landscape and a Resilience Development Pathway.

The essence of post-disaster reconstruction is the restoration and rebirth of the affected areas. The earthquake hitting Jiuzhaigou was the first earthquake that had its epicenter in the World Natural Heritage located in China. Ecological restoration and landscape reconstruction are essential for the sustainable development of tourism. This study uses high-resolution remote sensing images to monitor and evaluate the post-disaster restoration and reconstruction process of the leading lakes in Jiuzhaigou. It was found that the lake water quality, vegetation, and road facilities have undergone moderate reconstruction. However, the restoration and reconstruction still faced severe challenges. The ecological environment's stability and balance are prerequisites for the sustainable development of the World Natural Heritage sites. This paper combines the "Build Back Better" concept that advocates risk reduction, scenic spot restoration, and efficient implementation to ensure Jiuzhaigou's restoration and sustainable development. It comes up with specific measures for the resilience development of Jiuzhaigou from the eight principles of overall planning, structural resilience, disaster prevention and mitigation, landscape facilities, social psychology, management mechanisms, policies and regulations, and monitoring and evaluation to provide a reference for the sustainable development of tourism.

Research on air pollution characteristics and planning strategy of urban street environment

Dense buildings in modern cities make street pollutants more and more difficult to disperse, and the exposure level of urban residents to pollutants has increased significantly. This study focuses on the spatial and temporal distribution of ambient air pollution in urban streets and the relationship between street morphology and pollutant dispersion, and explores ways to reduce ambient air pollution in streets through spatial design. The study used the CityGrid urban grid data monitoring station to conduct an empirical study on an urban trunk road in Wuhan during the winter of 2020 to 2021, monitoring pollutants including NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10. The results showed that pollutant concentration changes in the near-road environment are affected by a combination of meteorological elements and traffic flow characteristics. The wind parallel to the road is more favorable to evacuate pollutants inside the street canyon, and the ambient wind above the canyon perpendicular to the road causes vortices in the canyon that cause gaseous pollutants to accumulate on the leeward side of the canyon. The distribution of particulate pollutants is mainly related to the distance of road pollutant sources. Building access ventilation can effectively evacuate street pollutants, and NO2 and O3 decay to stable levels in shorter distance from the road than PM2.5 and PM10 in downwind direction. The future urban street planning can effectively alleviate street pollution levels through strategies such as street canyon morphology control, green landscape facilities arrangement, increasing the building interface opening, and building bottom overhead.

A Preliminary Study on the Landscape Design of the External Space of Commercial Complexes: Taking Happy Harbor as an Example

With the development of urban construction in China and the improvement of living standards among urban residents, people today have higher requirements for space quality, and the development of urban commercial complexes has also become an important part of urban development. In this process, the functions of urban commercial complexes, in terms of culture, leisure, commerce, tourism, and office work, are gradually compounded. The integration of the commercial complex landscape with the urban environment shapes a place that provides more humanized services to the urban population. The landscape facilities in the commercial complex square are no longer just a foil, but they are constantly improved and optimized for the benefit of the crowd. Beginning from the exterior space of commercial complexes, this study investigates and analyzes the landscape design, and based on the external landscape distribution of Happy Harbor and the environment created by the landscape, this paper expounds the commercial landscape design and development of a more comprehensive and humanized commercial urban complex space landscape.

The built environment and mental health among older adults in Dalian: The mediating role of perceived environmental attributes

The basic attributes of the urban built environment are an important factor affecting mental health. However, research has rarely distinguished objective and perceived built environment characteristics to explore the associations with older adults' mental health. Based on data of 879 respondents aged 60 or older in Dalian, China, we explored the mediating roles of perceived built environmental attributes in the relationship between objective built environmental characteristics and mental wellbeing by structural equation modelling. Furthermore, to control for residential self-selection, the model was further tested by excluding the participants who self-selected their residences. The results showed that accessibility to daily living service facilities was positively associated with older adults' mental wellbeing through an indirect role of perceived built environmental attributes. The positive direct effect of aggregation of daily living service facilities on mental wellbeing was offset by the negative indirect effects of perceived built environmental attributes. In addition, the street interface density was negatively related to mental wellbeing through indirect effects. The diverse leisure, exercise and landscape facilities, underground parking and presence of elevators within neighborhoods were all positively associated with older adults’ mental wellbeing through direct and/or indirect effects. The results were verified after excluding residential self-selection samples. These findings are helpful for evidence-based planning strategies and can provide guidelines on designing neighborhood landscapes and facilities which can further contribute to aging in place policies.

INTEGRATION WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING PROCESS

The article deals with an attempt to consider integration cooperation in the field of landscape architecture needs when providing it with an engineering infrastructure and capabilities of the available park for work in the urban environment.
 The historical aspect of the importance of integration relations between the urban environment and the development of technical support in cooperation in the construction of landscape facilities is analyzed. A substantiated proposal for creating a passport of compliance with the needs of landscape objects and machines and mechanisms as a system of minimization of costs of economic, term of implementation, avoiding negative impact on the creation of the preservation of architecture and the natural environment.
 The article formed technological processes and proposed complexes of mechanisms for their implementation, as a rule, with minimization indicators under execution of works, the distance of movement, according to the physical characteristics, by the number of necessary staff to maintain the process.
 As an option, the article proposes to create a clear program of interaction with the necessary needs of engineering works and the conformity of typological technical support.

The spatial cognition of a forest landscape and its relationship with tourist viewing intention in different walking passage stages

BackgroundUnderstanding which types of landscapes are attractive to tourists during forest walking and which factors affect tourists' viewing intentions, plays a significant role in the drafts by forest landscape planners and designers. Main purposeTo clarify the spatial cognition characteristics and differences when tourists appreciation the forest landscape and explore the factors that affect tourists' viewing intentions at different walking passage stages. MethodsThis study used one-way ANOVA and Spearman's rho correlation analysis to statistically analyze the data and performed a multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS 23.0 to establish a model of tourists' viewing intention for each walking passage. Main results1. There are differences, at different walking passage stages, in the spatial cognition of forest landscapes and the spatial cognition of different types of forest landscapes by tourists gradually changes. 2. There are differences in the factors that affect tourists' viewing intentions of forest landscapes in different walking passage stages. Even with the same spatial cognition parameters, the contribution of tourists' viewing intention differs in different walking passage. In different walking passages, visitors' viewing intentions of broad-leaved forest space are significantly lower than those of other landscape spaces, especially in the early and middle walking passages. 3. As the forest walking experience unfolds, tourists' experience in the "middle passage" and "late passage" stages of the forest landscape have a greater impact on their overall viewing intention.Through the above analysis, we suggest that in the planning and design of forest walking spaces, landscape elements or landscape facilities should be properly matched according to the spatial cognitive characteristics of the scenes in the different walking passages. The above suggestions will improve tourists' viewing intentions of scenes, especially in-forest landscape spaces with a background of forest elements.

Upravljanje slatinskim ekosistemima u Republici Srbiji - da li su pogodni za turizam zasnovan na prirodnim resursima?

Continental saline habitats represent unique, authentic and rare ecosystems. These ecosystems are typically distributed in arid and semi-arid regions; however, they are also found in inland areas in temperate climate zones. Usually, the general public is not familiar with this particular type of ecosystem. In order to present saline habitats to tourists, a broadly applied method of ecosystem suitability assessment (ESI-ecosystem suitability index) was used and adjusted to the purposes of this research. The research aims to estimate the nature-based tourism potentials of selected sites. Thus, six representative halophytic habitats distributed along the geographic gradient, from the Pannonian Plain to the south of Serbia, were chosen. In terms of each site, seven indicators (e.g., flora and vegetation, bird fauna, landscape, protection status, accessibility, and ecotourism facilities), important for nature-based tourism, were analyzed. The results show that the Pannonian saline habitats have greater opportunities for development of this type of tourism in almost all categories compared to southern sites.

Research on ecological compensation of urban residual space to promote social integration

The continuous urbanization leads to a large number of land lost farmers pouring into the city, and the social integration of these people has become an important research topic of urban renewal. By means of field exploration and in-depth visit, this paper investigates and collates the data of some typical urban residual spaces where new industrial workers live, and finds that these spaces have common spatial characteristics, such as single spatial level, poor ecological environment and lack of landscape facilities. Then, by using statistical analysis and structural model, the comparative analysis of different types of space, and finds that the use of ecological compensation regulation can form a reasonable spatial layout, high-quality ecological effects and rich service facilities, so as to improve the spatial quality of urban residual space and provide highquality space environment for new industrial workers, Promote social integration, social integration of workers in new industries.

The 3dp – three-dimensional printing – is it a real prospect of automating the building processes

The construction industry is particularly well-suited to take the advantages of the 3DP technology however it still seems to be a distant perspective. The method itself, allows to manufacture prefabricated elements, small landscape facilities and detached houses, pedestrian bridges (of relatively little span lengths) etc. On that field, the considered technology is already prospering. Furthermore, the technology is a great solution for scale models used by architects. The 3-Dimensional print turned out to be a quick and an almost unbeatable way of presenting a concept to the potential investors. The visualization of the project became easier, giving an exact mapping of the surroundings and the structure itself, which helps to eliminate the risk of possible architectural or constructional mistakes. The technology facilitates the implementation of any needed amendments, whereas the scale models became one of the verification ways of the project’s documentation and the building’s proportions. However, more research and law regulations are needed to state the final applicability and limitations of the presented technology. Ensuring the mechanical properties along with the quality control work together to provide us with safe elements for the use of large-scale engineering. The article presents the application of 3D printing technology in construction and bridge engineering. Available technologies and methods of printing objects were presented. Examples of structures made of various materials are presented: concrete, steel and synthetics. The features of an emerging 3-dimensional monolithic objects are conditioned upon the used software advancement, printing technology, the printer used and the material applied. In the mentioned construction industry, where the labour workload becomes an increasingly significant component in the final cost of the construction project, the 3DP could revolutionise the whole process of the execution methodology. The „complexity and universality” of a facility and its execution method is being understood as an increased number of openings, irregular and complex shapes, the precision of the formed elements, fragments or segments and efficiency of the technology used. (Review article)

Research on landscape color of residential district in Shenyang

The color of a residential area landscape not only provides an intuitive reflection of the city image but also significantly influences residential experience. Based on the Munsell Color System, this study uses color card comparison quantification and a questionnaire to conduct a sample survey and quantitative analysis of the color of residential landscape areas in Shenyang. The results indicate the following: (1) Buildings are dominated by a warm color of middle–high value and middle–low chroma. The pavement has a predominantly neutral color or warm color of middle value and middle–low chroma. Landscape facilities mainly has a warm color of middle value and middle–low chroma. The dominant hues of landscape plants in spring, summer, and autumn are purple–red, green–yellow, and red–yellow, respectively; (2) Residents are more satisfied with landscape facilities and plant colors than with buildings and pavements. They expect artificial landscape colors to create a warm, bright, soft, pleasant, and intimate ambience; (3) Cool or neutral colors are avoided in large-scale Shenyang residential areas. Colors with a value of 4–9 and chroma of 1–5 are recommended; simultaneously, embellishment with other hues and an appropriate increase in colored plants may be applied in garden landscaping.

Evaluation of implementation and operation mode of conservation planning of historic villages in the Pearl River Delta

ABSTRACT The renovation of ancient buildings and roadways as well as the improvement of green landscape and sanitation facilities of historic villages are mainly based on the conservation planning in the Pearl River Delta. The implementation mode of conservation planning is divided into the government leading type, the village committee leading type, the government and the tourism developers combined type, the village committee and the tourism developers combined type as well as the villagers’ self-government type. It finds that the historic villages of government and tourism developers combined type and the village committee and the tourism developers combined type achieve better results including the ancient buildings better repaired and reused and the public infrastructures perfect and the residents have higher satisfaction through field reconnaissance and survey statistics. By comparing the actual effect of the conservation and renewal of the historic villages and the evaluation of the residents’ satisfaction under different conservation plannings implementation it hopes to provide a reference for choosing a suitable conservation mode for historic villages in China and even in the world.