Landscape Conservation Area Research Articles

Tingkat Penerapan Jurnalisme Lingkungan dalam Pemberitaan Isu Eksploitasi Kawasan Bentang Alam Karst (KBAK) Gunung Sewu di Media Daring Suara.com dan Harian Jogja (Analisis Isi Kuantitatif Pemberitaan Isu Eksploitasi Kawasan Bentang Alam Karst (KBAK) Gunu

The exploitation of the protected land of the Karst Landscape Conservation Area (KBAK) of Gunung Sewu for the construction of Raffi Ahmad's Bekizart Beach Club will have implications for the disruption of environmental sustainability and the well-being of the local community. Mass media coverage of conflicts in environmental management is closely related to the application of environmental journalism (Sudibyo, 2014). This research aims to determine the level of application of environmental journalism in online medias Suara.com and Harian Jogja in reporting on the construction of Bekizart Beach Club during the period of December 2023 to January 2024 based on four principles of environmental journalism by Sudibyo (2014): sustainability, biosentrics, environmental justice, and professionalism. The method used is quantitative content analysis by Kripendorff (2004). The results show that the level of application of the pro-sustainability principle in Suara.com is 70.84%, categorized as high, while in Harian Jogja, it is 26.67%, categorized as low. The application of the biosentrics principle in Suara.com is 56.25%, categorized as medium, while in Harian Jogja, it is 30%, categorized as low. The application of the environmental justice principle in Suara.com is 34.38%, categorized as low, while in Harian Jogja, it is 10%, categorized as very low. The application of the professionalism principle in Suara.com is 56.25%, categorized as medium, while in Harian Jogja, it is 40%, categorized as medium. Increasing supervision and journalists' understanding of the application of environmental journalism principles need to be done through training and the establishment of regulations regarding reporting on environmental issues in each mass media.

Assessing the influence of landscape conservation and protected areas on social wellbeing using random forest machine learning.

The urgency of interconnected social-ecological dilemmas such as rapid biodiversity loss, habitat loss and fragmentation, and the escalating climate crisis have led to increased calls for the protection of ecologically important areas of the planet. Protected areas (PA) are considered critical to address these dilemmas although growing divides in wellbeing can exacerbate conflict around PAs and undermine effectiveness. We investigate the influence of proximity to PAs on wellbeing outcomes. We develop a novel multi-dimensional index of wellbeing for households and across Africa and use Random Forest Machine Learning techniques to assess the importance score of households' proximity to protected areas on their wellbeing outcomes compared with the importance scores of an array of other social, environmental, and local and national governance factors. This study makes important contributions to the conservation literature, first by expanding the ways in which wellbeing is measured and operationalized, and second, by providing additional empirical support for recent evidence that proximity to PAs is an influential factor affecting observed wellbeing outcomes, albeit likely through different pathways than the current literature suggests.

Characteristics of Dieback of Pinus densiflora and Risk Assessment in the Wangpicheon Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area in Uljin, South Korea

The correlation between climate change and pine tree dieback must be understood to implement a proactive forest management system. In this study, an ensemble model combining random forest, the generalized boosting model, and the generalized linear model was used to analyze the topographical and environmental characteristics of pine trees suffering from dieback in the Wangpicheon Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area, and the areas in which pine trees are at risk of dieback were evaluated to promote efficient pine forest management. The results showed that pine trees suffering from dieback in the conservation area were mainly located on ridges, were age class 6 or older, or were in areas with a low topographic wetness index south of the conservation area. An evaluation of the risk of dieback among pine trees was performed based on the results of two ensemble models. An area of 365 ha accounting for 6.8% of the total area was identified as requiring “caution” with respect to the risk of dieback of coniferous forests and mixed forests. The developed methodology is expected to provide valuable information for the implementation of an appropriate management system for the protection of pine and mixed forests from the negative effects of climate change.

서울시 남산 신갈나무림 생태계 특성과 변화 연구

The purpose of this study is to secure objective and precise data through ecosystem monitoring, to reveal ecological characteristics through comparison and analysis with past survey data, and to accumulate basic data for diagnosing the current situation and predicting changes in the ecosystem. The target site is the ‘<italic>Quercus mongolica</italic> forest on the Buksa-myeon of Namsan’, which was designated as an Ecological Landscape Conservation Area (ELCA) of Seoul in July 2006. The research contents are analysis of soil environment change (1986~2016), change of actual vegetation (1978~2016), and change of plant community structure (1994~2016). A total of 8 fixed surveys (400∼1,200㎡) were established in 1994 and 2000. Analysis items are importance value, species and population, and Shannon’s species diversity. The soil environment of Namsan is acidic (pH 4.40 in 2016), which is expected to have a negative impact on tree growth and vegetation structure due to its low capacity for exchangeable cations. <italic>Quercus mongolica</italic> forest in Namsan is mainly distributed on the northern slopes. The actual vegetation area changed from 49.4% in 1978 → 80.7% in 1986 → 82.4% in 2000 → 88.3% in 2005 → 88.3% in 2009 → 70.3% in 2016. In 2016, the forest decreased by 18% compared to 2009. While there was increased growth of <italic>Quercus mongolica</italic> in the tree layer from 2009 to 2016, the overall decline in vegetation area was due to logging and fumigation management following the spread of oak wilt in 2012. As for the changes in the plant community structure, <italic>Quercus mongolica</italic> of the tree layer was damaged by oak wilt, and the potential vegetation that can form the next generation was ambiguous. In the subtree layer, the force of urbanization tree species such as <italic>Styrax japonicus</italic>, <italic>Sorbus alnifolia</italic>, and <italic>Acer palmatum</italic>. was maintained or increased. In the shrub layer, the number of trees and species increased significantly due to the open tree crown, and accordingly, the species diversity of Shannon for woody plants also increased. In <italic>Quercus mongolica</italic> forest of Namsan, various ecological changes are occurring due to the effects of urban environments such as air pollution and acid rain, the limitation of <italic>Quercus mongolica</italic> pure forest due to oak wilt, and the introduction of exotic species, thus, it is necessary to establish a management plan through continuous monitoring.

Landscape conservation and protected areas (case of Dena, Iran).

Inefficient management of protected areas (PAs) is often due to ignoring their surrounding matrix in the baseline studies, especially in wooded landscapes. In Iran, the application of landscape structure studies in protection policies and PA management is not prevalent. In this study, land cover changes in Dena Rural District (including parts of inside and outside Dena PA) have analyzed using the process of the Landsat images along with field survey two times (1989 and 2018). The landscape structural integrity was quantified based on the situation of oak forest land and its alteration. The composition and the configuration of oak forest land were assessed by metrics based on the moving extent of the Persian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus (which is an endangered focal endemic species completely dependent on the oak forest). Alterations of landscape structural integrity were compared for inside and outside Dena PA and at different altitudes. The results show connectivity loss and increased fragmentation of oak remnant patches, but this deforestation is more severe near areas facing direct human impacts and interventions. These are among attributes that are to be considered for zoning PA (such as controlling zone and training/participation zone). At higher altitudes, physical protection and strict control are more effective, while training local communities for stewardship is more essential at lower altitudes for conserving woodland integrity.

Diversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community in Sohan Stream in Ecological Landscape Conservation Area

Diversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community in Sohan Stream in Ecological Landscape Conservation Area

Variations in the Distribution and Genetic Relationships among Luciola unmunsana Populations in South Korea

The firefly species Luciola unmunsana was first discovered on the Unmunsan Mountain in Cheongdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea and consequently named after the mountain. The population and habitats of this once-abundant species have recently decreased significantly due to light and environmental pollution caused by industrialization and urbanization. This study investigated the distribution and density of L. unmunsana around the ecological landscape conservation area of the Unmunsan Mountain. Additionally, we conducted molecular experiments on regional variations, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among the various populations of L. unmunsana in South Korea. The genetic relationships among populations were also analyzed using mitochondrial DNA by collecting 15 male adults from each of the 10 regions across South Korea selected for analysis. Differences were observed between populations in the east, west and south of the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range. The firefly populations collected from the eastern region, which included Gyeongsang-do, showed a close genetic relationship with fireflies collected from the Unmunsan Mountain. Thus, the findings of this study can be used as baseline data for re-introducing L. unmunsana to the Unmunsan Mountain.

Vascular Plants of Wangpicheon Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area

Vascular Plants of Wangpicheon Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area

Macroplastic in soil and peat. A case study from the remote islands of Mausund and Froan landscape conservation area, Norway; implications for coastal cleanups and biodiversity

Marine plastic litter is ubiquitous and knowledge about its impact on coasts, open waters, the deep-sea, and the biota found in those habitats is increasing. However, studies of how it affects terrestrial environments such as islands are not as common. Over time, macroplastics in marine, as well as terrestrial environments, will fragment into microplastics. A toxic level of microplastic is defined by characteristics of the specific organisms and the habitat it affects, but also of the plastic itself. Plastic litter is being collected from wilderness areas through beach-cleanups by volunteers, schools and professionals. A question that needs to be addressed is whether macroplastic that is partially weathered and buried under vegetation should be taken out of the topsoil layer or left untouched to further degrade with the risk of negative impacts on soil organisms or removed from the topsoil layer. A quantification of the amount of plastic found within the topsoil layer is therefore of great interest. In this study, a survey was conducted in spring/autumn 2020 at Mausund and Froan landscape conservation area in Frøya municipality, Norway (N63°). Thirteen samples of vegetated soil from above the storm tide limit from eight remote and uninhabited islands were collected, quantified and analyzed, and the results showed high amounts of plastic. Potential future concentrations of microplastic in the samples if left untouched are estimated, based on a formula from existing literature.

The flora of land plants (bryophytes and vascular plants) in Wangpicheon Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area (ELCA), Korea

This study presents the flora of nonvascular plants (bryophytes) and vascular plants within the Wangpicheon Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area in Korea. The time of the survey was divided into four seasons. The fieldwork was conducted for a total of 18 days from November of 2016 to October of 2017. The land plants in the Wangpicheon conservation area were identified as 758 taxa with 164 families, 455 genera, 698 species, 10 subspecies, 47 varieties and 3 forms. Among them, bryophytes amounted to 122 taxa and vascular plants numbered 636 taxa. Native plant amounted to 693 taxa. In total, there are 113 floristic target species in Korea, including one level V taxon, in this case Swertia wilfordii; six level IV taxa; 31 level III taxa; 38 level II taxa; and 37 level I taxa. There are nine endemic plants, including Sillaphyton (=Peucedanum) podagraria, which is the endemic genus; two rare plants; fifteen northern plants; and one southern plant as target plants adaptable to climate change. Also, there are forty-six naturalized plants and five ecosystem-disturbance organisms. The results of this study suggest several species that should be preserved and can serve as basic information with which to establish conservation and management plans for the Wangpicheon conservation area.

Development of Land Purchase System by Ecological Evaluation - Focusing on the Donggang Basin -

With the increasing attention of the international community on climate change and biodiversity promotion programmes, the Korean government and public agencies are trying to protect and restore the ecosystem of areas protected by law, such as waterfronts, by acquiring private land. However, the inadequate purchase system has caused various problems. In this study, an efficient and systematic land purchase system was developed through ecological evaluation, focusing on the ecological and landscape conservation areas of the Donggang basin. The ecological evaluation was developed by integrating parcel-level evaluation and regional-specific evaluation, and the overall level of ecological function was established and finalized through on-site verification. As a result of verifying the purchase land of 88 parcels, it showed a relatively high agreement of more than 85.2%, and the rest of parcels (non-agreement) were considered to have had an impact on vegetation, crop harvesting, etc. due to seasonal differences in ecological evaluation and field verification. The purchasing system was ranked according to the ecological evaluation grade based on the endangered species and the distance from the core ecosystem. As a result, the purchase priority was systematically drawn up to the 5th rank for a total of 68 parcels for the private lands of Geoeun-ri, Munsan-ri, Deokcheon-ri, Unchi-ri, Gumam-ri, and Suji-ri. This study is expected to contribute to the preservation, restoration and ecological management of purchased land in the protected area in the future by establishing and proposing a systematic land purchase system based on ecological evaluation.

Characteristics of Vegetation Type and Distribution on Hasidong·Anin Coastal Dune of Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area in Gangneung, Korea

Characteristics of Vegetation Type and Distribution on Hasidong·Anin Coastal Dune of Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area in Gangneung, Korea

Evaluation of Prioritized Natural Landscape Conservation Areas for National Park Planning in China

Protecting representative natural ecosystems, rich biodiversity, and unique natural landscapes are the main considerations in China’s national park planning. Here, we mapped the distribution of China’s natural landscapes and evaluated their protection values for national park planning and construction. Grading evaluation methods combining standard comparison, inventory method, and expert consultation were used, and four levels of natural landscapes were identified. Furthermore, priority areas for national parks establishment were also proposed. Of all the landscapes evaluated, 76 were extremely important, 481 were important, 2070 were moderately important, and 1213 were slightly important. A total number of 67 priority areas for natural landscapes were identified with a total area of 1,218,000 km2. They comprised land and sea areas of 1,148,000 and 69,000 km2, respectively. We suggest strengthening natural landscape protection by establishing natural parks in priority areas. Our study will contribute to the effective protection of natural landscapes in China.

Characteristic of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data in Wangpi-cheon Basin

The aim of this study conducted to collect and produce survey data on the distribution status of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Wangpi-cheon Basin (2017), which has been designated and managed as an Ecological Landscape Conservation Area (2005). A total 153 species of benthic macroinvertebrates in 74 families, 18 orders, 8 classes and 5 phyla were collected including 8 Endemic Species of Korea and 16 Out-of-the-country Transportation Permit Required Species. The dominant species was Simulium sp. (16.1 %), and the subdominant species was Chironomus sp. (7.4 %).

Evaluation of land cover/land use development in selected landscape conservation areas in comparison to non-protected areas

Qualities of protected areas in Europe are the result of mutual collaboration, and the influence of natural conditions and historical development. Therefore, landscape protection has a wider scope. In addition to the protection of the landscape’s natural qualities, landscape protection also needs to identify human-driven impacts that support or directly affect landscape qualities. We have compared the development of land use/land cover in selected landscape conservation areas, and suitably selected referential areas in four time levels within a period of more than 150 years. The goals were to identify the types of land use that decrease, or increase the qualities of landscape, and to verify the hypothesis that landscape conservation areas, protected areas, have gone through a different land use/land cover development than the referential areas. The results of this comparison do not confirm our hypothesis. The most substantial changes in the rural areas in Czechia took place in a distant past not covered by the dataset used in this study.

A Study on Recognition of Land Acquisition for Ecology Restoration Project in Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area of Donggang River Basin.

A Study on Recognition of Land Acquisition for Ecology Restoration Project in Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area of Donggang River Basin.

Study on Vascular Plants in Mt. Jangan, Jeollabuk-do for Improving a Forest Recreation and Designating an Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area

Study on Vascular Plants in Mt. Jangan, Jeollabuk-do for Improving a Forest Recreation and Designating an Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area

생태경관보전지역 지정을 위한 일월산(경북 영양)의 관속식물상과 유형별 특성

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for management and conservation of Korean ecosystem by surveying the present conditions and characteristics of flora to select the ecological and landscape conservation area, Ilwolsan(Mt.), Korea. The numbers of flora in Mt. Ilwol were summarized as 582 taxa including 94 families, 307 genera, 508 species, 4 subspecies, 61 varieties and 9 formas. The rare plants were 15 taxa including Clematis koreana, Aristolochia contorta, Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana, Iris odaesanensis and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 14 taxa including Pseudostellaria coreana, Philadelphus schrenckii, Galium koreanum, Weigela subsessilis and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 29 taxa including Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Parasenecio firmus, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Acer mandshuricum, Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica and so forth. The naturalized plants were 22 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Rumex nipponicus, Trifolium repens, Sonchus asper, Phleum pratense and so forth. A set of important area is rare plant, Korean endemic plant, specific plant emerge a lot of areas.

Flora of Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area, Mt. Kwanak

Flora of Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area, Mt. Kwanak

동강유역 생태·경관보전지역의 지형경관 자원과 보전대책

동강유역 생태·경관보전지역의 지형경관 자원과 보전대책