Landmark Buildings Research Articles

Investigation into the nonuniform temperature effect of a large-span stainless steel roof system under solar radiation

Metal roof systems have been widely used in various landmark buildings. The effect of the temperature of a large-span metal roof system under solar radiation is significant. As the latest roof form, the continuous welded stainless steel roof (CWSSR) system shows many unknown behaviors under the action of temperature. The purpose of this work is to analyse the temperature field and temperature effect of the CWSSR system under solar radiation and to select the appropriate support layouts to reduce the temperature effect of the CWSSR system. First, an experimental study on the temperature field of the CWSSR system was carried out. Finite element analysis of the temperature field distribution was then performed, and the validity of the finite element method was verified by comparing the experimental results. Finally, the influence of different support layouts on the temperature effect of the CWSSR system was researched. The results show that there is an obvious nonuniform distribution of the temperature field and temperature effect of the CWSSR system under solar radiation. The maximum temperature difference between the roof panel and the ambient temperature is 39.4 °C. By using arrangements of cross-support and segmented support, the stresses of the roof panel and support can be effectively reduced, and the maximum reductions are 14.4 % and 38.9 %, respectively. The investigation results contribute the most to the safe design of metal roof systems and are expected to provide guidelines for future applications of the CWSSR system.

Research on Park Landscape Design Strategy Based on Urban Cultural Brand -- A Case Study of Xinyang City

This paper aims to explore the strategy of park landscape design based on urban cultural brand, taking Xinyang City of China as an example to conduct in-depth research. First, the paper analyzes the historical and cultural background, regional characteristics and the importance of Xinyang city brand construction. Through combing the unique natural resources and cultural landscape of Xinyang, it is proposed that the park landscape design should fully integrate the local cultural elements to enhance the cultural identity of the city. Secondly, the paper discusses the core strategy of park landscape design, mainly including the implantation of cultural symbols, and displaying Xinyang's cultural characteristics through landmark buildings and art installations; The protection and promotion of ecological environment, combined with the local natural landscape, to create a harmonious ecological space; The design method of community participation encourages residents to participate in the planning and construction of the park to enhance the sense of community belonging. Finally, through the case analysis, it shows how successful park landscape design can enhance the cultural brand of the city, promote the development of tourism and improve the quality of life of citizens. The research results show that park landscape design based on urban cultural brand can not only enrich the cultural connotation of the city, but also provide new impetus for the sustainable development of the city.

The Pritzker Architecture Prize and its potential for developing library tourism

Star architecture is becoming a popular strategy for urban solutions, and exclusive projects are being constructed to create an image and increase media attention. The term describes buildings designed by famous architects who often capitalize on their popularity for marketing purposes in tourist destinations. The visibility of these sites effectively attracts tourists and capital to specific places. It is common for landmark buildings and their leading architects to be paired with the Pritzker Architecture Prize. This paper reviews all 72 libraries designed by prize winners from the first edition in 1979 to 2023, analyzing their potential for library tourism. The research methodology includes a documentary and content analysis (internal and online desk research) of websites, newsletters, and publications. It can be concluded that these libraries have a vast collection of resources that can entice tourists, and now they are destinations for millions of visitors. On the other hand, the authority of these architects guarantees the more significant popularity of libraries as tourist destinations. However, given the financial resources needed to implement these projects, their tourism potential can mainly benefit large cities in developed countries or traditional academic centers.

Research on the Development of Creative Innovation Industry of Landmark Building and City Image

Landmark building is the external image and social card of a city, which reflects the traditional culture and spiritual connotation of a city and even a country. Landmark buildings not only refer to the large modern buildings in the city, but also include large sculptures, artworks, historical relics and so on. The innovative and creative industries of landmark buildings and urban images are often attached to the cultural tourism industry. At present, the development and research in this field are vague in definition, and the industrial development situation varies significantly in different cities and regions. Domestic first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and some tourist cities such as Hangzhou and Suzhou have advanced and comprehensive development in this field, and there are also unconscious spontaneous behaviors of the public to broaden the research content in this field. In contrast, some cities have not yet formed a good industry in this field. The development of innovative and creative industries for landmark buildings in foreign countries is earlier than that in China, and its forms are more abundant and avant-garde, which is worth learning and reference for researchers. The development of innovative and creative industries in landmark buildings will enhance the image and popularity of the city, thus boosting the development of the local tourism economy. At the same time, the industry shows the meaning and connotation of landmark buildings by means of artistic expression. In addition, innovative and creative products will also promote the popularization of arts education for all. Through a series of research and practice, the author also adds some specific cases and feasible research routes for the research and development of this field.

Building Value Assessment and Protection Model under Catastrophe Risk

In recent years, with the change in the global environment, the frequency of catastrophes has been increasing, which poses a great threat to people's property and life safety. Many landmark buildings have high historical or economic value, and it is important to assess the value of these buildings and develop conservation plans. To evaluate the value of the building, this article first established the POT model to evaluate the risk of the building location. Then, based on the EWM-AHP method, we selected the first-level indicators and the second-level indicators to establish the value evaluation model of the building and used the logic function to establish the protection model through data fitting. According to the comprehensive analysis of the risk assessment and the value assessment of the building, the building protection measures are divided into three types: unprotected, reinforced, and relocated. It is applied to the church of San Marco in Venice, and it is concluded that the area needs to be reinforced. The establishment of the model is of great significance to the evaluation and protection of buildings.

Основные направления архитектуры Японии периода Мэйдзи и Тайшо (конец XIX – начало XX вв.)

The article examines the main directions of Japanese architecture during the Meiji and Taisho periods. It was during these periods that the formation of the architectural communities of the empire took place, influencing the architecture of the entire Asia-Pacific region in the 20th and 21st centuries. The prerequisites for the formation of the Japanese giyefu style, based on a combination of Western and traditional architecture, and the invitation of a large number of foreign advisers to the country are shown. The text describes the four most important advisor personalities and their major achievements. The next step is the 4 most important Japanese architects of the Taisho period, they absorbed Western education and completely mastered the craft of an architect, in the European sense. In addition to landmark buildings for Japan, they transmitted to society their vision of architecture, which coincided with the line of the government and the emperor. The last part of the article outlines other directions of Japanese architecture, which developed from the Giyefu style to the Imperial Crown style, or which opposed themselves to Europeanized architecture – the modernists. It concludes by describing the three identified architectural trends with their antecedents and implications within the Asia-Pacific region The article examines the main directions of Japanese architecture during the Meiji and Taisho periods. It was during these periods that the formation of the architectural communities of the empire took place, influencing the architecture of the entire Asia-Pacific region in the 20th and 21st centuries. The prerequisites for the formation of the Japanese giyefu style, based on a combination of Western and traditional architecture, and the invitation of a large number of foreign advisers to the country are shown. The text describes the four most important advisor personalities and their major achievements. The next step is the 4 most important Japanese architects of the Taisho period, they absorbed Western education and completely mastered the craft of an architect, in the European sense. In addition to landmark buildings for Japan, they transmitted to society their vision of architecture, which coincided with the line of the government and the emperor. The last part of the article outlines other directions of Japanese architecture, which developed from the Giyefu style to the Imperial Crown style, or which opposed themselves to Europeanized architecture – the modernists. It concludes by describing the three identified architectural trends with their antecedents and implications within the Asia-Pacific region.

A Novel Method Based on Topological Perception Theory for 3D Landmark Building Model Retrieval

A Novel Method Based on Topological Perception Theory for 3D Landmark Building Model Retrieval

Landscape sightline analysis on height control of land around architectural heritage sites: Nanshan Temple and Nanping Academy in Zhangzhou, China

Geospatial technology has been extensively researched and applied in the urban spatial planning field. However, mountainous urban planning needs to consider not only the complex terrain but also the accessibility of the landscape to landmark buildings. Therefore, geospatial techniques and landscape sight analysis play important roles in formulating effective urban building height control measures. This article uses the Nanshan Temple and Nanping Academy of Classical Learning and its surrounding architectural planning as the research objects, constructs a digital elevation model through geospatial technology combined with Grasshopper parameterization, and calculates the visible area when viewed from different positions. To maintain the accessibility of the landscape to the landmark buildings, the layout, building height and location of the planning area are determined. The research shows that (1) through geospatial technology, landscape sightline analysis, linear projection and collision detection methods can be used to accurately calculate landscape sightline interruption points and occlusion areas around historical and cultural buildings. We concluded that the optimal viewshed protection range is a radius of 2000 m. (2) Compared with a design based on a surrounding height of 60 m, the method in this study increased the number of visible viewpoints by approximately 123.84%, while the number of invisible viewpoints decreased by approximately 21.03%. (3) Based on the sightline protection scope, the heights of the blocks in the protection zone are further calculated. Within a radius of 1000 m, a 52.78 m height limit of planned plots is recommended. Within a radius of 1500 m, a 40.87 m height limit of the planned plot is recommended. Within a radius of 2000 m, the height of the planned plot should be controlled at 24.79 m. Based on this, the specific building space arrangement can be reasonably formulated. (4) After optimizing the existing visual corridors in the reserve, the area of the viewsheds expanded from 13.0% to 19.1%. (5) Finally, this study also considered plant factors. The recommended height for plant landscapes is as follows. Woodland on hillsides should be reduced from the original 10–12 to 4.74–8.51 m. Garden land in flat areas should be reduced from the original 9 to 6.38–3.36 m. This study uses the geospatial technology landscape sight analysis method to reveal the impact of landscape sight on the spatial distribution of mountainous cities with cultural landmarks and, at the same time, provides a new method and strategy for the spatial planning of mountainous cities.

The Combination of Architectural Art and Humanization

Art is a broad term that encompasses various virtual and practical art disciplines, of which architecture is a major category. Within the broad category of art, it seems that every small category can react with each other, creating works of higher artistic quality for the world. It is precisely because art has always upheld this characteristic that it has been continuously upgraded by people in recent years. In the process of creation, many art scholars have found that both art and architecture need to be combined with people to be better accepted by society. Film art needs to be appreciated by audiences, music art needs to be listened to by people, painting art needs to be viewed by people, installation art needs to be photographed by people, and architectural art needs to be felt by users rather than a cold empty shell. Therefore, this article describes the connection between contemporary art and architecture, which can be related to human nature. Any kind of art returns to its essence in order to reflect a phenomenon that exists in mass society, and it is displayed to the public to trigger people’s resonance and reflection. Since ancient times, the relationship between architecture and people has been complementary. In the process of designing buildings, people integrate various artistic techniques to make them respond to the site and applicable people. The final design of the building also serves the users in the building, making them feel comfortable and more efficient in completing work and life. Therefore, the art of architecture is ultimately designed and thought around human nature. In recent years, tall buildings have sprung up in cities across China, and gradually every city has its own “CBD” and landmark buildings. However, what we see more often are some cold buildings, some buildings built for the purpose of volume rate and unique shape, which often only design the strange shape shell and then hand it over to the construction party, or low-level copies of master’s design works. These examples are often cold empty shells that cannot make the people living in them feel the warmth brought by the building. I think that there is a lack of artistic and user-oriented architecture in China, rather than focusing on mass production and copying. This may change the lifestyle and quality of life of the public, and realize the humanization of architecture from the perspective of architectural art.

Visibility Evaluation of Historical Landmark Building Using Photographic Survey Coupled with Isovist and Viewshed Analysis

Visibility Evaluation of Historical Landmark Building Using Photographic Survey Coupled with Isovist and Viewshed Analysis

Colonisation and Its Impacts on Melbourne: A Historical Perspective on Urban Development

Prior to the World Wars, European and American empires implemented a colonial model of urban planning in the colonies and concessions under their control. This approach to urban planning was characterised by an imperialist ideology that sought to impose Western standards and values on the territories they governed. This essay explores the manifestation and impact of colonisation on Melbourne, Australia, from its establishment as a British settlement in 1835 to the present day. The essay focuses on the citys colonial background, the manifestation of colonisation in urban development through urban planning and landmark buildings, and the impact of colonisation on living habits, social structures, and cultural traditions. Melbournes colonial history is marked by the displacement and subjugation of indigenous peoples and the exploitation of natural resources for British economic gain. The enduring influence of colonialism is evident in the urban planning, architectural landmarks, and cultural practices of Melbourne city, and has left an indelible mark on its urban, social, and economic development. The legacy of colonialism is reflected in the enduring patterns of power, inequality, and exclusion that are embedded in the citys physical and social landscape. This legacy has also contributed to the persistence of cultural and social hierarchies, which continue to shape the citys urban fabric and its social and economic relations. Furthermore, the effects of colonialism can be observed in the citys built environment, including its urban morphology, architectural styles, and land use patterns, all of which reflect the values and ideologies of the colonial era.

Towards a more complete barrier-free hospital

<p>無障礙環境之優劣代表社會對行動不便者的關懷程度，是社會文明的一項重要指標，也是幸福高齡社會的基礎。醫院提供公共服務且使用者多為病患或高齡長者，為優先考慮無障礙環境之指標性建築，但因建築物無障礙相關法令所規範之範圍僅為建築物硬體，建築完成後再建置之相關設施設備或因後續規劃設計者未盡了解或未重視，往往未能妥當設置，而影響使用之便利性。本文概述無障礙設施相關規範的內涵、緣起外，特別探討當前醫院建築中常見之問題，並提出較佳之改善及設置建議，期藉由大家一起努力，讓行動不便者及高齡者有更安全便利的就醫環境，也讓我們更有信心面對未來超高齡社會的挑戰。</p> <p> </p><p>The quality of the barrier-free environment represents the degree of society’s care for people with mobility impairments. It is an important indicator of social civilization and the foundation of a happy aging society. The hospital provides public services and is mostly used by patients or the elderly. It is a landmark building that prioritizes barrier-free environment. However, since the scope of the building accessibility-related laws and regulations is only the building hardware, construction will be completed after the construction is completed. Relevant facilities and equipment are often not properly installed because subsequent planners and designers do not fully understand or pay attention to them, thus affecting the convenience of use. This article outlines the connotation and origin of regulations related to barrier-free facilities, especially discusses common problems in current hospital buildings, and puts forward better suggestions for improvement and installation. It is hoped that through everyone’s joint efforts, people with mobility impairments and the elderly will have safer and more convenient experiences. The medical environment also gives us more confidence to face the challenges of a super-aged society in the future.</p> <p> </p>

Acoustical design of the Opera and Ballet Theatre in Astana, Kazakhstan

The paper explains the design of the new Opera House in Astana as a landmark building for the new capital of Kazakhstan, characterized by multifunctional functionalities to welcome different kinds of activities.As requested by the Kazakhstan government, the building is a semi-classical theatre with traditional country decorations. The four tiers of balconies and the upper gallery form a modest house shoe shape with a seat capacity of ca. 1300 spectators, a volume of 11.400 m3 and a Reverberation Time, with empty hall, of 1.7 s (house curtain open).The paper describes the acoustic field and the design process to achieve an acoustic quality similar to that of the most famous Baroque Opera Houses, and its ability to resemble a classical theatre whilst also harmoniously including modern facilities and equipment. The evolution of a historic theatre in a modern design concept is explained. Computer simulations were conducted throughout the design period and a 1:20 wooden model was built to test the process, followed by final measurements on site.

Modeling Multi-Rotunda Buildings at LoD3 Level from LiDAR Data

The development of autonomous navigation systems requires digital building models at the LoD3 level. Buildings with atypically shaped features, such as turrets, domes, and chimneys, should be selected as landmark objects in these systems. The aim of this study was to develop a method that automatically transforms segmented LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) point cloud to create such landmark building models. A detailed solution was developed for selected buildings that are solids of revolution. The algorithm relies on new methods for determining building axes and cross-sections. To handle the gaps in vertical cross-sections due to the absence of continuous measurement data, a new strategy for filling these gaps was proposed based on their automatic interpretation. In addition, potential points associated with building ornaments were used to improve the model. The results were presented in different stages of the modeling process in graphic models and in a matrix recording. Our work demonstrates that complicated buildings can be represented with a light and regular data structure. Further investigations are needed to estimate the constructed building model with vectorial models.

Structural Landmark Salience Computation in Compact Urban Districts with 3D Node-Landmark Grid Analysis Model: A Case Study on Two Sample Districts in Changsha, China

Mastering the relationship between urban landmarks and urban space morphology in urban planning, landscape planning, and architectural design helps maintain the intelligibility of compact urban districts. The objective of the present study was to numerically determine the structural salience of various landmarks in an urban environment and use it to interpret the intelligibility of the city. Combining the measurement method of 3D visibility and the related principles of space syntax, this study develops a new 3D Node–Landmark Grid Analysis Model (3D NL GAM) for structural salience computation of urban landmarks. In this study, a numerical approach is used to construct a 3D simulation model. Firstly, the visibility of each decision node to landmarks in an urban environment, using a 3D digital model, is measured using the 3D isovist component of Rhinoceros and Grasshopper software. Secondly, links among wayfinding decision nodes and landmarks are established to form a 3D NL GAM. The normalized angular integration of decision nodes and the normalized angular choice of landmarks are computed using the principle of space syntax. Thirdly, the structural salience of landmarks is determined with a function of landmark visibility, spatial properties of landmarks, and wayfinding decision nodes. Finally, a case study was carried out by using a 3D NL GAM to analyze three types of urban areas located in Changsha. The results indicated that large-scale natural landscapes have a higher structural salience among the types of landmarks. The structural salience of architectural landmarks in the combined spatial form of combining tall and low building groups has a clear advantage over the form dominated by high-rise building groups. Raising the height of landmark buildings can modify the structure of the grid analysis model and improve the people aggregation of urban space. The 3D NL GAM can quantify the spatial properties and landmark structural salience of a city and can effectively assist in the evaluation of the intelligibility of built or future urban environments.

Development and demonstration of concentric-type HTS power cable for distribution grid in Shenzhen urban

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable can transmit massive power with little dissipation in a limited corridor, which is an attractive solution for future power transmission. Shenzhen Power Supply energized a 400 m/10 kV/2.5 kA concentric HTS cable system on 28 September 2021 to power Ping’an Financial Centre, a Shenzhen’s landmark building, which was the debut of concentric HTS cable made of YBCO in the urban area of a megacity. For more than 1 year, the HTS cable system has been operating well and will continue to operate for a long time. This paper systematically reviews the system specification, cable and its accessories design, cryogenic cooling system design, type and exploratory test, project construction, pre-commissioning test, and operation of the demonstration cable system. Based on our R&D practice, we identify that cost, long-term reliability, and operational simplicity are the main hinders factors that need to be addressed to advance the large-scale application and we propose a set of solution ideas meanwhile.

Using SWOT Analysis to Solve the Problem of Forbidden City Brand Influence under the Background of New Media

The Palace Museum is not only comprehensive but also the largest museum of ancient Chinese culture and art. The Palace Museum brand is a cultural and creative brand derived from the landmark buildings of the Palace Museum through publicity and transformation in the new media era. The cultural and creative brand refers to the value transformation and empowerment of products by relying on personal wisdom and modern scientific and technological means this research seek to analyze the connection between consumers’ impression of the Palace Museum brand and brand loyalty in the new media background of Z era. This analysis concluded that the Palace Museum brand should not be over-commercialized or influenced by the fast-selling atmosphere of the Z era to reduce the actual value of the brand. As a state-supported transformation brand, the Palace Museum brand had a rich cultural value base and production resource support, but it abused brand IP to produce low-quality products due to the atmosphere of the times, resulting in a decline in brand image and loyalty. Therefore, in this context, due to the negative impression brought by the sub-brand and the strong internal and external competitive factors, the brand's image positioning has deviated, the value is reduced, and the brand loyalty is reduced. This paper uses SWOT analysis to split the overall factors of the Palace Museum brand to find solutions.

Design and Concept of Hengshui Cultural Poster Product for "New Hengchuan"

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 22pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">As an emerging city with a long cultural history in Hebei Province, Hengshui is constantly deepening its efforts in promoting its urban image. This paper explores and classifies the regional culture of Hengshui, and designs a series of posters based on its long history and distinctive regional characteristics. This poster design not only expresses the cultural heritage contained within the city, but also reflects the emerging regional characteristics of modern Hengshui. It comprehensively interprets and reconstructs Hengshui education, regional famous figures, Hengshui landmark buildings, and local characteristic culture. With the help of the poster design, it showcases a constantly developing and innovative charming city, promoting the new era of Hengshui style. Let more people have a deeper understanding of today's Hengshui and make efforts to promote regional economic development and improve economic efficiency in Hengshui.</span></p>

A Study of Historical Urban Landscape Layering in Luoyang Based on Historical Map Translation

China has undergone a tremendous urbanization process over the past four decades, resulting in a considerable conflict between the desire to construct contemporary urban areas and the desire to safeguard old urban structures. In addition to destroying the physical space of ancient urban sites, urban development has fragmented the natural landscape and severed its structural relationship with the historical urban landscape. In this study, we selected Luoyang as the research object and digitally translated and laminated the laminar process of Luoyang’s historical urban landscape based on historical maps and related historical documents. It is intended to establish a digital historical urban landscape information database comprising data from different periods of the city through the systematic translation of historic maps and through combining the following different landscape carriers: urban spatial patterns, roads and streets, landscape units, and landmark buildings. While reading the historical maps of the city, the spatial analysis tool, ArcGIS, was used to identify the trajectory of the spatial evolution of Luoyang’s spatial structure throughout its history. In this paper, we suggest the establishment of a Luoyang urban historical axis system to integrate the city’s fragmented historical urban landscape, thereby strengthening the social perception of such historical urban landscapes and preserving their memory.

A Dilemma of Integrity in the Implementation of Conservation Development Plans in Bursa, a World Heritage Site in Turkey

Conservation of historic areas defining the urban identity of the cities emerged in research on urban planning activities in Turkey only after the 1970s. However, the term ‘integrity’ was yet to be included in the national conservation legislation. In the historic city of Bursa, however, conservation decisions on the sustainability of traditional fabric had already been taken in 1960 with Piccinato’s plan. Accordingly, demolished landmark buildings in the Historic Trade Centre were reconstructed; so although authenticity was lost, the spatial integrity of the area was kept. Afterward, thirteen conservation plans for historic regions were prepared from 1981 to 2007, with the participation of experts from various institutions. The primary aims of these plans were to provide structural and spatial integrity of associated historic areas, improve living conditions, and avoid gentrification during the urban development of Bursa. However, it is impossible due to the lack of a holistic approach to the application process.
 This study aims to present the dilemma observed in implementing conservation decisions taken from the 1980s until the 2000s, which pose problems regarding the integrity of the historic urban fabric in Bursa. It sets off with a brief description of the significance of integrity in urban conservation while highlighting Bursa as a pioneering city, where holistic decisions on the sustainability of its historic urban identity were taken through conservation development plans –much earlier than the rest of the country. The contradictions between conservation plans and their implemented forms are subsequently discussed to understand the level of achievement in ensuring the integrity of its urban identity. Hence, it is claimed that the traditional urban fabric of Bursa could not be preserved with its natural and architectural values since the aim of holistic conservation in related plans was implemented inconsistently.