Land Situation Research Articles

Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth and Economics of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) under the Medium Land Situation of Manipur

Background: Green gram is one of the oldest and third-most significant traditional pulse crop grown in India. Green gram growthand economics are mostly hampered by weeds, however these effects can be reduced by using appropriate weed control techniques. Methods: A field experiment entitled “Growth, yield and nutrient uptake of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) as influenced by weed management practices under medium land situation on manipur” was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur during Kharif season 2023-24. The experiment was consist of Nine treatments in randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice. Result: The result revealed that T8: hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAS recorded higher growth parameters like plant height, fresh and dry weight of plant, number of nodules plant-1, fresh and dry weight of nodules plant-1 leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) which was statically at par with T4: Oxyflurofen @ 150 g/ha (PE-2DAS) + Hand weeding (35 DAS). While, maximum net return (104373.98) and B: C ratio (2.22) was found under the treatment T4 (Oxyflurofen @ 150 g ha-1 (PE- 2 DAS) + Hand weeding 35 DAS).

Decreased proprioception is associated with inferior postural control during unplanned landing in individuals with chronic ankle instability

ABSTRACT Poor postural control during jump landing may increase ankle sprain incidences among people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). The effects of anticipation on it and its relationship with proprioception need further examination. Fifteen participants with CAI and 15 healthy controls were recruited to perform single-leg jump landings when knowing the landing side before (planned) or after (unplanned) take-off respectively, along with a step-down proprioception test differentiating four inclination platforms (inverted 12°, 14°, 16° and 18°). Ground reaction force data (peak force, loading rate and time of stabilisation) during landings and proprioception scores were collected and analysed. The CAI group exhibited a higher loading rate (59.6 ± 7.6 vs 49.4 ± 6.7 N/kg*seconds, p = 0.011) and longer medial-lateral time to stabilisation (4.82 ± 0.69 vs 4.11 ± 0.47 seconds, p = 0.023) compared to the control group during an unplanned landing. Furthermore, the above variables were negatively correlated with the step-down proprioception score only in the unplanned condition but not in the planned condition. CAI participants had inferior medial-lateral time-to-stabilisation and loading attenuation during unplanned jump landing than healthy controls, which were associated with decreased proprioception, highlighting the importance of addressing proprioception to improve balance control during unpredictable landing situations.

Varietal assessment of wheat crop in sodic land situation in district Auraiya Uttar Pradesh

Varietal assessment of wheat crop in sodic land situation in district Auraiya Uttar Pradesh

Options for Intensification of Cropping System in Coastal Saline Ecosystem: Inclusion of Grain Legumes in Rice-Based Cropping System

The coastal saline zone of West Bengal in India is the home to millions of the world’s poorest and most vulnerable people. Due to a gradual increase in salt accumulation on soils of the coastal saline zone of West Bengal in India from winter to summer days, cultivation of the second crop in the winter season becomes possible in a limited area. To address these issues, field experiments was conducted in rainy and winter seasons of 2016–17 and 2017–18 at the farmer’s field of the coastal saline zone (CSZ) of West Bengal, India. The experiment was carried out to study the system productivity, nutrient uptake, and profitability vis-à-vis salinity dynamics of the crops in rice-pulse-based cropping systems under different land elevations (medium upland and medium lowland). The experiment was conducted in a strip-split plot design having horizontal factors namely, Factor A: Six dates of sowing of rice at an interval of one week (2nd week of June to 3rd week of July), Factor B: Two land situations (medium upland and medium lowland) and Two Cropping Systems (Rice-Lathyrus and Rice-Lentil) as vertical factor, replicated four times. The results suggest that irrespective of land situation, early sown rice (15 June to 21 June) produces higher dry matter and grain yield compared to late sown crops. This early sowing of rice also facilitated the better performance of subsequent lathyrus and lentil, by avoiding the worst situation of the salinity build-up and drought stress later in the winter. Moreover, significantly higher productions were obtained from medium-lowland situations for both the cropping systems. Sowing date has also significantly influenced macro-nutrient uptake (NPK) by rice and pulse grains. It may be concluded that early sowing of rice may be a potential option for intensification of rice-pulse-based cropping systems under CSZ of West Bengal, India.

Can arsenic bioavailability be predicted in soils using in vitro gastro-intestinal simulation?

Many gastrointestinal simulation methods have been used to predict bioavailability, but the suitability of different methods for the same metal(loid)s varies widely, which inevitably affects the accuracy of human health risk assessment. Arsenic is a common and important contaminant in many contaminated land situations. It can be readily absorbed and has teratogenic and mutagenic toxicity. Therefore, in this study, four the most commonly used in vitro simulation methods (the Physiologically Based Extraction Test (PBET), In Vitro Gastrointestinal Method (IVG), Soluble Bioavailability Research Consortium (SBRC), the Unified BARGE Method (UBM)) were tested against an in vivo animal live model, to evaluate their effectiveness for the prediction of soil As bioavailability in 10 industrially contaminated soils. The soil As relative bioavailability (RBA) varied between 15% and 68% in the different soils. As bioaccessibility differed between the 4 gastro-intestinal simulation methods. Gastric phase of UBM (UBMG) predicted As relative bioavailability the best of the 4 assays (R2 = 0.81). This study provides theoretical and technical support to refine human health risk assessment of As in soils from urban industrial legacy contaminated sites.

High Fidelity Crash Analysis of Ngctr-TD Composite Wing

The T-WING project is a research project aimed at designing, manufacturing, qualifying and testing the new wing of Leonardo Next Generation Civil Tilt-Rotor technical demonstrator (NGCTR-TD), as part of Clean Aviation Fast Rotorcraft activities.The methodology proposed in this paper encompasses the development of high-fidelity modelling and simulation procedures in support to virtual certification methods for crashworthiness requirements of tiltrotors. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of an aircraft drop test is a complex and detailed process that aims to simulate the structural behaviour during an impact or drop event. This type of analysis is critical for assessing the safety of an aircraft in emergency landing situations. Wing crashworthiness requirement is specific for tilt rotors: during a survivable crash event, the wing design must ensure a pre-defined rupture with the purpose of alleviating the inertial load acting on the fuselage to preserve the occupants from injuries and fire, guaranteeing the escape paths. Thus, the highly integrated T-WING wing box concept has been designed with the specific feature of frangible sections near the wing-fuselage intersection. The activation of fracture of the external semi-wings in correspondence of frangible section is triggered by the achievement of a well-defined crash vertical load factor.The objective of the methodology is to simulate the crash effects on the whole wing, using explicit non-linear and time-dependent FE analysis, to verify the wing spanwise placement of the frangible sections, the failure mode, the loads acting at the fuselage links, and the acceleration transmitted to the structure. This work is focused on a standalone analysis of the wing plus a lumped scheme of the fuselage, and it is part of a wider activity which will comprise, in the crash simulation, the most relevant vehicle systems (e.g. fuselage model). Moreover, this numerical activity has been compared with experimental results obtained on a different but similar structure, in terms of global acceleration at wing centre of gravity. Good agreement in terms of acceleration has been found between numerical model and experimental relevant test.

Subjugation of Indigenous Land: The Geographical Depletion of Place Depicted in Linda Hogan’s Mean Spirit

Linda Hogan is a Chickasaw writer who has been always concerned about the issue of place in her literary works since place is taken as a witness, participant and even sufferer of the Native American people’s colonial history. Meanwhile, the native belief regarding human relationships to land and place in cosmological and ecological aspects can also well illustrate her initial concern of place. This paper is to situate the analysis of place within the context of postcolonial and ecological avenues, exploring the geographical depletion of the local place, and further reproducing the colonized and displaced situation of indigenous land. Through the representation of land loss history represented in her first novel <i>Mean Spirit</i>, this study is intended to draw upon the concerning social elements resulting in the native people’s land cession experience from two aspects, colonial conquest and capital expansion, thus generalizing Hogan’s attitude toward land as a component of the local place and conceptualizing her land ethic stereotype. In a nutshell, the land-language concept revealed in Hogan’s literary work encompasses the idea of caring for and listening to the place and ultimately demonstrates her land ethic doctrine that can be comprehended as her place-oriented proposition and a new strategy of resistance against the colonial and ecological crisis.

Study on the Actual Situation of Non-residential Land Uses Located in Residential-Only Areas

Study on the Actual Situation of Non-residential Land Uses Located in Residential-Only Areas

Adaptation to land scarcity among small-scale farming households in South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Rural farming households in Sub-Saharan Africa, facing limited land access, engage in land purchase, rental, and other land access practices. However, the highly unregulated land markets expose these farmers to wide-ranging vulnerabilities. In this study, we investigated the land access mechanisms and the related constraints among the small-scale farmers in the densely populated Eastern part of The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We randomly selected 240 consenting farmers for inclusion in the study and collected data using semi-structured interviews to obtain data on land access characteristics. Then, the data was subjected to descriptive statistics to obtain measures of central tendency and dispersion on the responses and correlation statistics to understand the patterns and relations of factors affecting the land access and strategies used to cope with the limited land situation in the South Kivu province of DRC. Our results showed an insecure land tenure system among smallholder farmers. Most of the farmers in the study purchased and leased land to cope with poor land access and, in so doing, faced high price-related limitations that were unsustainable to these farmers; they also faced highly restrictive leasehold contracts. Given the limited access to financial resources and support, improving regulations of land markets and resource support interventions could promote land access among these smallholder farmers. We conclude that the challenges of land access and the current methods farmers use to obtain additional land among the smallholder farming households in the south Kivu province of DRC are precarious and unsustainable and continue to pose a food insecurity and poverty risk among these farmers. We recommend developing and implementing measures to support resource access by these farmers, such as finance, farmer-focused cooperative societies, and better land policy reforms and tenure systems to improve access to land among these farmers and farmers facing similar scenarios in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

Urban Land Expansion Simulation Considering the Increasing versus Decreasing Balance Policy: A Case Study in Fenghua, China

Under the political dominance of urbanization, the policy of increasing versus decreasing balance (IVDB) between urban and rural construction land has had a profound influence on urban land expansion in China. The purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of the IVDB policy on the process of urban land expansion. Considering the transition process among different land use types under the IVDB policy, this study proposes two situations of urban land expansion. A future land use simulation (FLUS) model is applied to simulate the expansion process over three steps. A case study of Fenghua District in Ningbo City, China, shows the following: (1) In the first situation of village land directly transformed into urban land, the transformation is concentrated in the northern and western parts of Fenghua District. The expansion trends are particularly pronounced along existing urban land and main traffic lines. (2) In the second situation of village land reclamation for agricultural land and urban land occupation for agricultural land, the spatial differences in village land conversion to arable land or other agricultural land are relatively small, and the degree of concentration of arable land is significantly increased after reclamation. Urban land expansion mainly occurs close to Ningbo City. With the help of transfer quotas “produced” by other areas, expansion land can be balanced within Fenghua District. This research helps to shed light on the urban land use growth process and provides beneficial insights for stock spatial planning in China.

Research on Legal Issues of Homestead Use Right Inheritance

The right to use the homestead of the attached house should be inheritable property. For both living function and identity attribute of welfare housing land use right and the property of the legal heir properties, solution to inherit the land use right and a home a home of the law and the conflicts in the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central area of the standard question, successor when inheritance regardless of whether it is the collective economic organizations are members adhere to the housing land use right of the building, after inheritance, if the non-members of the collective economic organization do not live in the house for a period of time or a family with multiple houses does not meet the stipulated standard area of one of the two cases of “exceptional restriction”, they shall be charged a fee and converted into the right to use or lease of collective business construction land, and the income from the conversion of rights shall be stipulated in a corresponding proportion to give the successor compensation to moderately revitalize the homestead system. To reduce the actual situation of idle house land.

Climate Risk Management at Farmer’s Field through Adaptation Strategies for Resource-Poor Farmers of Assam, Northeast India

Farmers in Assam's North Bank Plains Zone are generally resource-poor and have limited adaptation ability; rainfall anomalies make the Zone's rainfed agriculture very sensitive, risky, and unprofitable. Participatory on-farm trials involving 25 farmers (5 from each village) representing different land situations for evaluating various adaptive strategies on rice-based cropping systems were conducted from 2011 to 2020. Ten years of rainfall data (2011-2021) are evaluated in connection to dry spells and their effects on rainfed rice-based farming systems. The village receives 2848.5 mm of annual rainfall, with distribution patterns of 25%, 67%, 5.0%, and 3% during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons, respectively. Among the years under study, it has been observed that during 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2020, the district received excess annual rainfall and deficit in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2018, 2019 and 2021,respectively. The current studies were designed with two primary strategic components in mind viz., Real-time Contingency Planning (RTCP) and Preparedness. Interventions under the RTCP were designed to deal with delayed monsoon onset, early-season drought, mid-season dryspell, and terminal drought in winter rice and rabi crops. Preparedness includes changes in cropping pattern, in situ and ex situ rainwater management systems, alternate land use under low-cost polyhouse, mushroom cultivation, vermicompost production, fodder bank and village seed bank to cope with weather aberrations. An increase in yield of HYV rice varieties Ranjit (33%), Mahsuri (12.3%) and Gitesh (32%) was observed when sowing was done before 15 June over late sowing conditions. An increase in yield of 21.73 % and 44.60%. 58.67% as compared to farmers' Practice during 2013-14, 2014-15, and 2016-17 respectively, has been observed. The performance of double cropping systems recorded the highest B: C ratio of 2.03 and 1.75 in winter rice + rapeseed followed by winter rice + potato sequence as compared to mono-cropping of winter rice.

Protection of the Customary Land of the Baduy Indigenous Peoples as One of the Supporting Factors for Local Food Security in the Banten Region

<p><em>The Baduy indigenous people as one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia have various unique and diverse cultural characteristics. The ethnic groups in Banten for hundreds of years have had their main livelihood, namely farming (ngahuma) and gardening to maintain survival in obtaining food so that this ngahuma is a form of food security for the Baduy indigenous people. Some of the Baduy's ulayat land is used for ngahuma and gardening. Recently, there has been an abuse of Baduy ulayat land by some irresponsible people. Mursyid's father as a traditional leader of the Inner Baduy does not agree with the existence of illegal gold mining around the Baduy area. This will disturb the land and forest ecosystems, especially since these customary rights are in the upstream area which will certainly cause negative things for the Baduy people. The gold mining will cause negative things for the environmental ecosystem in the Baduy area and even threaten the forests protected by the government. Baduy rejects the existence of gold mining if foreign companies exploit it. The expression of one of the Baduy community leaders, "We are the trust of our ancestors, bisi ayeuna Gunung kalebur lebak karuksak karobah great-grandmother, ayeuna proof of Mount Liman menta tulung, menta guarded really I pamarentah".This study describes the exploitation of gold mining around the customary rights area in the Baduy area as well as legal protection efforts from the government for the abuse of the customary rights residential area of </em><em></em><em>the Baduy Indigenous People.The long-term goal to be achieved from this research is to obtain an overview of the current condition of the customary lands of the Baduy people inside and outside the Baduy so that the government can take a stand, help maintain and prevent gold mining activities in the area of </em><em></em><em>customary rights of Baduy from being disturbed. outsiders.The specific target to be achieved from this research is to ensure that the Baduy community can use food land for ngahuma and gardening to the maximum so that the food security of the Baduy indigenous peoples is maintained.This research uses normative juridical and sociological normative legal research methods. This research is descriptive analytical and uses primary data sources and secondary data sources. Descriptive in this study is a description of the situation, condition, condition, and reality of ulayat land or customary land in the Baduy community which is misused by irresponsible elements so that it has a major impact on the food security of the Baduy community. Then analyze what the problem is in order to find a solution to the problem. Sources of data used in this study were obtained from Library Research (Library Research). Normative Jurisdiction in this study is a discussion of several existing regulations. Sociological Normative Research on law constructs law as a system of laws and regulations that have existed so far and then constructed in a society's behavior. This study also uses primary data sources and secondary data which are analyzed using qualitative methods, with data collection techniques from library studies and field studies to the Inner Baduy and Outer Baduy. Interviews and observations were conducted to obtain the necessary data. The data obtained through field research and literature study were analyzed in a qualitative normative manner to obtain clarity on the problems to be discussed.</em></p>

English

For decades, debates among African leaders have centred on possible solutions to the continent's food security dilemma. If not addressed, the continued increase in population density and the accompanying pressures from conflicting demands for land in many Sub-Saharan African nations, including Nigeria, have the potential to exacerbate the arable land situation in the near future. To achieve increased production, African farmers must increase their use of productivity-enhancing tools such as irrigation, improved seeds, fertilizer, and modern farm management practices. The use of Urea Deep Placement (UDP) technology to boost nitrogen availability, a key ingredient in rice production, was introduced to rice farmers in selected Northern Nigerian states. Empirical information on the economics of the use of this technology in rice production is scanty, hence this study. Based on data collected from three hundred UDP users and non-users, this study examined the cost structure, the profitability and productivity of rice farm in the presence of technological heterogeneity. The study employed descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and the Latent class generation modes. The data was divided into two groups based on their production functions. The study concluded that farmers that used urea deep production technology outperformed non-users. However, in the short run, this technology is labour intensive. To solve the excessive labour use in the short run and to make rice production appealing to the young people who make up the majority of Nigeria's labour force, labour-saving technology must be combined with UDP technology. Key words: Productivity, profitability, technological heterogeneity, urea deep placement, rice.

Urbanization, Land Scarcity and Urban Farmers’ Mobility: Evidence from Ghana

This study assessed how urban farmers survive land scarcity challenges in the midst of rapid urbanization in a developing country such as Ghana. As land scarcity becomes more pronounced in urban areas, farmers struggle to find a place to farm within the urban space but the numerous opportunities that come with farming within the city still inspires them to find spare lands and open spaces in the city to farm. Therefore, the study examined the factors that influence urban farmers’ mobility with respect to farmland in the midst of intense land scarcity. Reponses from 251 farmers were analyzed with both Tobit and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Land situation factors such as land ownership type, land scarcity challenges, and size of land were found to be associated with farmers’ mobility. Farm characteristics such as level of market benefits, intensity of vegetable production, and level of technology were also associated with farmers’ mobility within the city. Personal characteristics such as age, level of education, level of farmer engagement, and marital status also played a role. This implies urban farming sustainability requires conscious government efforts to include urban agriculture in its spatial planning decisions since there are numerous opportunities for farming within the city.

Effects of anticipation on joint kinematics during inversion perturbation in individuals with chronic ankle instability.

Although chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients display altered reactive joint kinematics after inversion perturbation, little is known about the effects of anticipation on reactive joint kinematics among CAI, coper, and control groups. To assess changes in reactive joint kinematics after different inverted landing situations including planned- and unplanned-condition among groups of CAI, coper, and control. Sixty-six volunteers participated (22 per group). Participants completed three trials of both planned and unplanned single-leg landing onto an inverted force platform while reactive joint kinematic data were collected from initial-contact to 200 ms after initial-contact. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine the differences between condition (planned-, unplanned-conditions) and group (CAI, coper, control). There were significant group by condition interactions for total ankle displacement in the frontal plane (p < 0.01) and maximum ankle inversion velocity (p=0.01). CAI patients displayed increased ankle displacement (p < 0.01) and maximum inversion velocity (p < 0.01) under the unplanned condition compared to the planned condition. However, copers did not show any differences in ankle displacement and maximum inversion velocity between the two conditions. CAI patients displayed greater changes in ankle joint displacement and maximum ankle inversion velocity occurred after inversion perturbation under unplanned condition compared with copers and controls. Current data suggest that altered reactive joint kinematics under the unanticipated condition in CAI patients may contribute to the condition of CAI after ankle sprains. Clinicians should focus on rehabilitation programs to recover and/or develop feedback control for CAI patients during functional movements under unanticipated condition to prevent further injuries.

Response and Multi-Scenario Prediction of Carbon Storage and Habitat Quality to Land Use in Liaoning Province, China

Liaoning Province, as an old industrial urban agglomeration since the founding of China, is an important link between the Bohai Economic Zone and the Northeast Economic Zone, and it has made great contributions to the economic development of China. The transformation of China’s economy and heavy industrial development have posed great challenges to the long-lasting growth of Liaoning Province. In this study, the driving force of land expansion was detected using the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model in Liaoning Province, and the land situation in 2030 was predicted under natural development, ecological protection, and economic development scenarios. We then further coupled the PLUS model with the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) model to explore the spatial autocorrelation and synergistic relationship between carbon storage and habitat quality. The results indicated the following: (1) The total accuracy of the simulation in 2020 using the PLUS model reached 94.16%, and the Kappa coefficient reached 0.9089; therefore, the simulation result was highly reliable. (2) The overall spatial pattern of both carbon storage and habitat quality decreased from the northwest and southeast to the middle, and habitat quality had an impact on carbon storage to a certain extent, with a positive spatial correlation. (3) The ecological protection (EP) scenario was the only development prospect with increasing total carbon storage, which could increase carbon sequestration by approximately 7.83 × 106 Mg/C, and development prospects with optimal habitat quality. (4) Weak trade-off and weak synergy dominated in the 2030 natural development (ND) scenario; most regions showed weak synergy in the ecological protection scenario, spatial heterogeneity became more pronounced in the economic development (ED) scenario, and a strong trade-off and strong synergy emerged in individual regions. The results of the study have a positive feedback effect on establishing an ecological security barrier in Liaoning Province and furthering long-lasting low-carbon urban development.

Generational Change in Family Farms and the Situation of Arable Land, as a Factor of Production, in Hungary

Generational Change in Family Farms and the Situation of Arable Land, as a Factor of Production, in Hungary

Rebound stabilization for an asteroid lander by flexible plate design

Landing on small bodies like asteroids encounters great rebound uncertainties, which threatens the surface exploration and operation. This paper explores a potential solution for rebound stabilization through innovative flexible design of future landers. Specifically, we study a representative structure that assumes a flexible plate underneath current rigid landers (abbreviated as “FlexLander”). The plate is assigned to conform to the ground surface and provide large contact area. We develop an efficient dynamical model and carry out landing simulations, to reveal the lander's motion behavior and energy dissipation mechanism, also to provide instructions for the plate stiffness design. It is found that the deformable plate can remarkably tune the microgravity contact, and its stiffness exists a margin for design optimization and regulating. Finally, rebound stability of the proposed lander is evaluated over various landing attitudes, which can be found superior to that of rigid structure. The adaptivity to the rugged terrains and the up-righting requirement are also discussed for possible landing situations.

Land situation in the province of Salta. An approximation to the context prior to the Territorial Management of Native Forests

In this article we have as an aim to go deep in the productive and territorial characteristics of the Salta province in the years prior to the enactment of the National Law N. 26.331 “About Minimal Budgets of Environmental Protection of Native Forests” and the implementation of the Territorial Management of Native Forests in Salta. In particular, we focus on providing a characterization of the agrarian structure in eastern province and the problems of land possession that affect indigenous and creole people. We use statistical information and discuss some paradigmatic cases of territorial conflicts that have taken place in the last decades of the XX century and early XXI, which will be of particular interest for understanding the OTBN in the province of Salta.