Land Road Research Articles

Opening of the Skouw and Wutung Vanimo Cross-Border Border Crossing Land Road Crossing and Its Sustainability for the Pacific Region

This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis and clear data regarding the opening of land roads for land crossings, vehicles, goods and services, and people at the Northern Papua-Papua New Guinea border, specifically at the Skouw National Border Post connected to Vanimo, Papua New Guinea. The opening of this crossing lane has both positive and negative impacts on the crossing area. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct this study from a perspective beyond the Westphalian System, which focuses not only on maintaining national sovereignty but also on the unification of borders or a de-borderless approach. This perspective aims to advance the communities around the border of the two countries and provide significant benefits. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method, which explains the border phenomenon between the two countries with valid data obtained through primary and secondary sources, ensuring clear and accurate data. The results indicate that the opening of crossings for goods, services, and people at the Skouw-Vanimo border will enhance economic activities in both countries, increase socio-cultural interactions among border communities, strengthen bilateral relations, and establish the region as a hub for economic and trade activities with other Pacific countries. Moreover, it will reduce tensions among Pacific countries, promote strategic partnerships due to enhanced connectivity in the Pacific region, and even extend to the Indo-Pacific. This study highlights the potential benefits of a de-borderless approach to border management, emphasizing the need for cooperative development to maximize the positive impacts on the communities involved.

The Impact of Foreign Control on The Economic Factor in Southern Arabia Before Islam

Yemen's geographical location, which connects East to West, helped the recovery of its economy. Agriculture was one of the most important factors that characterized the economy of southern Arabia before Islam, as a result of its fertile soil and the availability of water in it, including rainwater, dams and valleys. The agricultural crops varied with Tayeb and incense were the top of Yemeni goods, so they called it the “land of Tayoub”. Yemen was also called “Green Yemen” because of its abundance of goods. The commercial factor also played an important role in raising the Yemeni economy as it served as a link between the countries of the old world. Various trade routes branched out, including land roads, as the incense road is one of the most famous roads that gained wide fame before Islam, as well as sea routes for the transport of commercial caravans. The industrial sector was equally important, with Yemeni workers excelling in diverse industries, the availability of raw materials in the country led to flourishing industries. All these factors contributed to the development of the economy, making it vulnerable to foreign ambitions. Several foreign powers, including the Romans, sought to acquire its wealth. Later, other external powers such as the Al-Ahbash, supported by the Byzantine Empire, and the Sassanid Empire extended their influence over Yemen's riches, ultimately affecting and leading to the demise of the Yemeni civilization. Economic factors were the main drivers of foreign control over southern Arabia.

The Function of Inland Shipping on Economic Supporting Activities of the South Kalimantan Community 1980-2000

The main problem examined in this research is how the function of inland shipping is to support the economic activities of the people of South Kalimantan in 1950-1970 The results of the research show that the river network has become the economic lifeblood of the population where most of their economic activities are carried out through and on rivers due to shipping activities. Rivers cannot be separated from their role as trade routes. River shipping has an important role in transporting trade goods. Agricultural products and forest products are one of the main commodities transported via river shipping. As a means of traffic, rivers play a role in opening up the isolation of inland areas that cannot be passed by land. The method used in this research uses the historical method through the Heuristic stage (data collection), internal and external criticism of the data obtained, interpretation and historiography of historical writing based on the data that has been obtained according to the researcher's objectives. The novelty of this research is that previous research only revealed the phenomenon of river shipping broadly, then this research focuses on the economic sector. It can be concluded that with the times and the rapid development of technology, the transportation sector has developed. The widespread development of land transportation facilities by creating land roads and bridges to connect between regions can shorten distances and travel times. However, it even has an impact on the economic sector through water transportation routes.

Development of Transportation Modes in Basra Sanjak: 1945-1958

Land transportation is the oldest means used by humans to transport various goods. This method has evolved over the centuries to what we see today in the use of trucks of various types in transportation operations. Truck transportation is considered the best type of transportation in various countries of the world. If money is the lifeblood of the economy, then transportation in its various forms and means, such as water transportation (maritime and riverine), air transportation, and land transportation (rail and truck), is considered the lifeblood of the economy at all times. It is considered a necessity for development and a support for foreign trade and tourism activities. It is a link between different countries of the world. Several laws have been enacted and many international agreements have been concluded to regulate the work of these means. Therefore, land transportation is of great importance in Iraq in general and Basra in particular, due to its distinguished geographical location, as well as the low cost of land transportation compared to other means of transportation. The research was divided into three sections. The first section dealt with land roads, railways, the Public Transport Authority, and the bus project. The second section dealt with river transport, and the third section dealt with air traffic.

Analisis Peran Transportasi Sungai (Ketek) Pada Perekonomian Masyarakat Desa Rantau Rasau Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur

Rantau Rasau Village, which is one of the villages in Berbak sub-district, Tanjung Jabung Timur district. To get to Rantau Rasau village we have to use river transportation services in the form of ketek (a type of large boat equipped with a robbins engine), this water transportation. It is the only access to Rantau Rasau village because there is no land road to the village. This thesis aims to determine the role of air transportation in the economy of the people of Rantau Rasau village, East Tanjung Jabung district, to find out what obstacles exist in the use of this transportation.This research is qualitative research with descriptive methods, data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the research show that the role of air transportation in the economy of the Rantau Rasau village community, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, includes mobility for people in and out of the village and also as a bridge for all economic activities of the Rantau Rasau village community. Obstacles in using this transportation service are tides and unpredictable weather conditions. Keywords: Water Transportation, Community Economy, Watershed

Power Control Energy of a Pumping System (Photovoltaic- Diesel)

Abstract Future Algerian agricultural projects are oriented to the Sahara. Knowing that generally electrical energy is supplied largely by Generator Diesel (DGs). Due to the difficulty and lack of land roads for these desert areas, which creates fluctuations in the fuel supply process for farmers. In order to find a solution to mitigate this fluctuation requires the use of modern technology such as the hybridization of local renewable energy such as solar energy. Our system consists of the integration of a photogenerator (PVG) with a DG to feed a synchronous motor coupled to a central water pump controlled by means of transformers. This work presents an intelligent approach for improving and optimizing the control performance of a system using the Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. In this article, we will analyze a contribution to the use of a hybrid energy system (PVG-DG) according to a management strategy whose purpose is to reduce energy costs and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2). Our simulation results presented at the end of the article have demonstrated the efficiency and flexibility of the Matlab simulated techniques system based on the actual geographic information of the study area to validate the performance of the proposed system. Which can be used in other practical studies in the future.

Влияние транспортных путей Западной Сибири и Югорского Севера на обычное право местного населения в XIX – начале XX в.

The aim of the study is to determine the influence of transport accessibility of Western Siberia and the Yugra North on the similarity of customary law among the Russian and aboriginal population in the XIX – the early XX century. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in comparing the legal customs of the immigrant and aboriginal population of Western Siberia with an emphasis on their “magical” component and the role of the transport system of the region in consolidating these features in the XIX – the early XX century. The paper has revealed the importance of rivers and land roads in the formation of legal customs of Russian settlers, analyzed the content of Ancient Slavic “rowdiness” and its correspondence to the legislation of the Russian Empire, substantiated the similarity of the “magical” ideas of the Ob Ugrians, who professed shamanism, and remnants of paganism among the settlers from the Russian Orthodox population. The results of the study have shown that custom ensured survival in Siberia, so customary law affected the entire rural and nomadic population of Western Siberia and was expressed in a variety of local forms. Despite the similarity of legal customs among Russian Siberians and the aboriginal population, there were also differences that reflected the religious worldview and lifestyle, as well as the degree of influence of Russian legislation. The process of convergence of legal norms took place in conditions when rapid movement from one region to another was impossible and the difficult transport accessibility of the region was the key factor. Meanwhile, eventually, there was a positive effect, because a much greater cultural understanding between the indigenous and the immigrant population was formed than had been observed at the initial stage of the migration of Russians to Siberia.

Sustainability Indicators of Surface Public Transportation

Historically, roads and transportation have been critical and essential factors in the development and prosperity of cities and societies. The well-being of cities and their expansion were measured by the road networks that linked them to the rest of the world, especially the land roads, which were the biggest challenges for communities. With time, the transportation sector has become an integral part of human life. However, this contribution to the development of cities has come to collide with the challenges arising from the means of transportation, which include large-scale environmental, economic, and social impacts on the communities benefiting from them. Therefore, it has become necessary to make transportation, especially public transportation, sustainable to address environmental challenges such as climate change. To achieve this, more than two thousand research papers published between 2002 and 2022 and retrieved from scientific databases using specific and connected keywords were preliminarily investigated based on the year and number of citations. It was necessary to identify the important sustainability indicators for each sector and study them closely in a detailed manner. We concluded that the sustainability of public transportation is directly affected by environmental, economic, technical, and social factors which can be expressed as follows: 1—emissions, pollution, and the consumption of energy resources as environmental indicators related to sustainability; 2—travel time, cost, travel distance, and operation cost as economic indicators; 3—social demographics, accessibility, and travel behaviours and time as social indicators; and 4—traffic flow, speed, and availability of infrastructures as technical indicators that affect transport sustainability.

Establishing Emergency Sections on Land Roads in Order to Improve the Quality of Transport Services, Creating Comfortable Conditions for International and Local Traffic

Establishing Emergency Sections on Land Roads in Order to Improve the Quality of Transport Services, Creating Comfortable Conditions for International and Local Traffic

Identifikácia a hodnotenie problémových objektov cestnej infraštruktúry z hľadiska prejazdnosti hasičskej techniky

The paper contains the characteristics and results of the proposed procedure for the locations and specific objects of the transport infrastructure identification in the selected territory, which may have a negative impact on the conditions for the smooth passage of firefighting equipment. The aim of the paper is the presentation of a practically focused procedure for identifying problem areas and objects on land roads from the point of view of fast and safe transportation of emergency equipment to the scene of the incident. The article contains a description of the proposed, practically oriented, procedure designed to reveal the so-called permanent or temporary critical locations and selected results from its practical application to the emergency perimeter of the Liptovský Hrádok fire station

Über die Landstraße entlang der Südküste des Schwarzen Meeres auf der Peutinger’s Karte: wie arbeitete der Kartograph

The article discusses the land road laid along the southern coast of the Black Sea from the Thracian Bosporus to Trapezunt on the Tabula Peutingeriana. In antiquity this region’s natural conditions (mountain ranges, descending to the sea, and wide rivers) stood in the way, so the path could not be laid there. Literary and archeological sources, milestones among them, do not confirm its existence. So, the article discusses possible causes and conditions which permitted the cartographer, who having used existing Greek periploi describing the coast, to “reconstruct” the possible land road. The article analyzes in detail the data of the Tabula Peutingeriana, which shows the path along the coast and the distances between “the stations”, these data being compared with the information of other sources (geographical texts), mostly with those of periploi describing the route of the ship close to the shore (the main source is “Periplus of the Pontus Euxinus” by Arrian). It has been found out that the distances between the stations correspond rather to the data of periploi; it means that the non-existent road was the cartographer’s invention, who supported on such literature. Also, the article mentions the absence of the road’s description in “The Antonine Itinerary”, where the descriptions of many ways coincide with the data of the Tabula Peutingeriana. It is noteworthy that this is not the first road along the sea coast on the Tabula which could not really exist. Thus, it shows an coastal road in Asia Minor between the Ionian city of Miletus and the Lycian city of Patara, led through Myndos, Knidos and Loryma. These cities’ geographical location does not assume the existence of the coastal road between them, but is based on the data of a periplus, possibly used by the cartographer. Also, the article draws a parallel with the path along the north-eastern coast of the Black Sea (now Abkhazia), where rivers and mountains impeded communication in antiquity and in the following centuries, until the twentieth century.

Project Stakeholder Analysis in Temadore Bridge Construction Development

Temadore Bridge, which connects Ternate City, Maitara Island, and Tidore City by road, is hoped that the inequality in movement to other places can be well facilitated, because it helps in terms of saving time and productivity for the people of these 3 areas. Bridge infrastructure has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. By building a bridge as a land road connection, it will facilitate and facilitate community activities in these areas. The method used is ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling) which searches for and identifies several variables according to the priority order of the levels being analyzed. The conclusion obtained is that increasing access to mobilization in the movement of community activities supports increased growth in construction development.

From Fragmentation to Intensification: Land Reform in China's "New Era".

Combining the current national conditions of China and the status quo of rural land, realizing the transformation of land from fragmentation to intensification is the only way for China to move towards agricultural modernization. We selected Feicheng City, Shandong Province, as the research area, conducted regression analysis on the data by means of questionnaires and key interviews, and identified the influencing factors that can affect and change farmers’ willingness to transfer (WTT) their land and willingness to the duration (WTD) of land transfer. The study found that 82.54% of farmers are willing to transfer land, and the WTD is 9.34 years. Among them, five factors, including job stability, purchased houses in urban area, cultivated land roads, degree of policy understanding, and emotion for the land, can significantly affect the farmers’ WTT. Six factors, namely, age, job stability, number of family members, purchased houses in urban area, non-agricultural income, emotion for the land, can significantly affect the farmers’ WTD. Based on this, we propose the “MPEU theory” of farmers’ land transfer. That is, by allowing farmers to change their minds, understand policies, increase the non-agricultural employment rate, and improve the level of urbanization, the farmers’ WTT/WTD can be improved, and the level of land intensification can be improved. Finally, agricultural modernization, peasant citizenization, and rural urbanization will be realized.

Sejarah Aceh: Jejak Peradaban Aceh Darussalam Hingga Kolonial Belanda 1530-1900

Abstract: Tracing the history of Aceh through traces of civilization that was built from the period of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam has been recorded in historical records as well as documentation in the form of pictures and map images. It is necessary to trace existing buildings and other objects from past human cultural works to explain the existence of civilization created from the two periodization of Aceh history. The method used is descriptive analysis. The results of the study describe that the objects produced during the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam experienced development. During the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, crowds were more directed at the coast so that development in the interior was not so visible, while during the Dutch colonial period construction was carried out in almost all of Aceh, especially in the construction of land roads. It caused by the needs of the government related to the transportation of natural resources in the form of agricultural products produced by the community. In addition, road construction was also carried out to speed up the arrival of news from remote areas to cities and from the city center to the Dutch government in Singapore. The news delivery system is carried out through the post office and telegram. This study suggests the need for in-depth research related to archaeological traces by conducting excavations so that building structures can be found in order to reconstruct history through their remains.

Water Reservoirs as a Driver of Anthropogenic Changes in Landscape and Transport Networks: The Czech Republic Experience

The construction of reservoirs has a major impact on the floodplain landscape, and their existence also affects land use in the hinterland. The aim of this article is to evaluate the influence of artificial lakes on changes in landscape use and transport networks; in this context, an assessment is provided of the significance of this anthropogenic activity as one of the drivers of landscape change. Old topographic maps and archival aerial photographs are used to analyze changes in the use of landscape and road networks, and these materials are complemented with the latest geographic data in digital form. Utilizing geographic information systems, we assessed the landscape changes and processes in the hinterland of those Czech Republic reservoirs that have an area of 100 ha or more. The results of the research show that landscape change processes are more intensive in the hinterland of the lakes than in the surrounding landscape. The predominant utility function of a reservoir emerged as a key factor in landscape use changes and ongoing processes. A different landscape use scenario can be observed in drinking water reservoirs, especially regarding the leisure and irrigation functions that dominate elsewhere. After the completion of reservoirs, the road and railway networks had an impact on, above all, the connection of the nearest villages in the hinterland of the lakes. The information that we found can be employed in projecting future changes in land use and road networks at newly planned dams.

Regional Land Road System of Putivl Uyezd in the 17th century

Regional Land Road System of Putivl Uyezd in the 17th century

The impact of built environments on pedestrian safety around bus stops

ABSTRACT Pedestrian safety around transit stops plays an important role in promoting active travel to and from public transit. This study examined the impacts of built environments in several perspectives (e.g., sidewalk, street connectivity, road type, and land use) on pedestrian–vehicle crashes with different levels of injury severity around bus stops in Austin, Texas, using negative binomial models. The results showed that transit areas with higher levels of sidewalk coverage were associated with fewer pedestrian–vehicle crashes. The percentage of parking supplies was positively related to more collisions. Areas with higher percentages of big box stores and gas stations were associated with more crashes. The results illustrated a critical extension of the current literature and planning standards by examining specific land use types, parking supplies, road types, and sidewalk coverage, and informed planning professionals regarding the implications of planning approaches on accommodating multiple users on high-speed roads, applying interventions to reduce traffic conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles, and targeting low-income areas.

An Assessment of the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Landsat-Derived Aerosol Concentration in Relation With Land Cover and Road Networks

An Assessment of the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Landsat-Derived Aerosol Concentration in Relation With Land Cover and Road Networks

River Transport and its Impact on the Tourism Sector in Egypt During the Nineteenth Century

Transport occupies an important and dangerous place in the world’s economies and civilization, as it is a means of trade exchange between countries, it also helps in the transfer of sciences, arts, literature and various political systems. Indeed, it is the link that links the efforts of human groups to each other regardless of their different nationalities, languages, color or beliefs.The transport industries, although closely related to the various industries, are in fact an important group on their own. Each of the land, river, sea and air transport industries has its own advantages in the means and methods of transport. River transport was one of the most important means of transportation in the nineteenth century. During this period, river navigation companies in Egypt affected the urban development, so tourism companies and hotels appeared, which helped stimulate the movement of tourism. Hence the idea of research came. There is no doubt that the measure of any country’s progress is measured by what it enjoys. It has waterways, inland rivers, land roads and sea coasts.

The trends and problems of land use and territorial development of the Perm urban agglomeration

The article discusses the key changes that occurred from 2006 to 2018 in the land fund, demography, housing and road construction within the territorial development of municipal districts and regions of the Perm urban agglomeration. The tendencies of suburban land use under the influence of agglomeration development are reflected in this work. The authors underline the main reasons causing the development problems of suburban areas and propose a conceptual approach to the regulation of land use.