Land Rice Research Articles

Effects of Paddy Straw Incorporation on Growth and Yield Attributes of Low Land Rice

A field experiment on effects of paddy straw incorporation on growth, physiology and yield attributes of low land rice was conducted at Agronomy experimental field of Central farm, College of Agriculture, Bhubaneswar during rabi-2020.The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design with six treatments symbolyzed as T1 to T6 along with recommended dose of fertiliser (80:40:40::N: P2O5:K2O kg/ha). Results showed highest plant height, tiller number, leaf number, SPAD and LCC were in T5 followed by T4 and T6. These parameters were found to be highly correlated with grain yield. The growth analysis during different period of growth of the rice cultivar, Lalat, in respect to leaf area index(LAI), crop growth rate(CGR), specific leaf area(SLA), leaf area ratio(LAR), LAD(leaf area duration), total chlorophyll, total carbohydrate, amino acid and protein contents were found to be correlated with grain yield. Maximum values regarding these parameters were found to be highest in T5 followed by T4 and T6. The total biomass was found significant among the treatments and was highest in T5 followed by T4 and T6. Grain yield and straw yield were found to be highly correlated with total biomass (r2=0.70) and physiological growth traits (LAI, SLA, CGR) were prominently significant in T5 with a tune of 4.94t/ha and 5.21t/ha, respectively followed by T4 and T6. In T5 yield attributing parameters like number of panicles, panicle weight, filled grain per panicle, 1000-grain weight were highest. The high percentage of C, H, N, S concentration and high ratio of C:N, C:H implies good quality grain harvested in T5. The soil microbial population and status after harvest was also found to be high inT5. Thus, paddy straw incorporation coupled with chemical fertilizer had significant effect on rice growth and yield with proper maintenance of microbial population in soil when the crop is treated with T5 with booster application of 20 kg/ha of N and P in the form of urea and DAP, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(4): 713-719, 2022 (December)

Study on the Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Carbon Emissions in the Counties of Zhejiang Province.

The accurate measurement of agricultural carbon emissions and the analysis of the key influential factors and spatial effects are the premise of the rational formulation of agricultural emission reduction policies and the promotion of the regional coordinated governance of reductions in agricultural carbon emissions. In this paper, a spatial autocorrelation model and spatial Dubin model are used to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics, influential factors and spatial effects of agricultural carbon emissions (ACEs). The results show that (1) From 2014 to 2019, the overall carbon emissions of Zhejiang Province showed a downward trend, while the agricultural carbon emission density showed an upward trend. ACEs are mainly caused by rice planting and land management, accounting for 59.08% and 26.17% of the total agricultural carbon emissions, respectively. (2) The ACEs in Zhejiang Province have an obvious spatial autocorrelation. The spatial clustering characteristics of the ACEs are enhanced, and the "H-H" cluster is mainly concentrated in the northeast of Zhejiang, while the "L-L" cluster is concentrated in the southwest. (3) The results of the Dubin model analysis across the whole sample area show that the ACEs exhibit a significant spatial spillover effect. The disposable income per capita in the rural areas of the county significantly promotes the increase in the ACEs in the neighboring counties, and the adjustment of the industrial structure of the county has a positive effect on the agricultural carbon emission reductions in neighboring counties. (4) The grouping results show that there is heterogeneity between 26 counties in the mountainous areas and non-mountainous areas. In the 26 mountainous counties, the urbanization rate, rural population, mechanization level and industrial structure have significant negative spatial spillover effects on the carbon emissions. In the non-mountainous counties, the agricultural economic development level and disposable income per capita of the rural residents have significant spatial spillover effects on the agricultural carbon emissions. These research results can provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of the development of low-carbon agriculture in Zhejiang according to the region and category.

Spatial Direction of Minor Rice Land Based on Land Suitability and SWOT Analysis in Tanasitolo District, Wajo District

This study aimed to determine the potential and strategies for mina paddy land management based on land suitability and SWOT analysis in Tanasitolo District, Wajo Regency. The analytical tools used are land suitability analysis and swot analysis. The results of the study show that the potential for managing the mina paddy pattern of aquaculture in Tansitolo District, Wajo Regency, can be developed in the western region of irrigated rice fields. The potential for fisheries management with the Mina paddy pattern can be increased if the availability of irrigation networks increases. The strategy for managing the aquaculture fisheries of the Mina paddy pattern is that the government and the community work together Increase the coordination of all parties to make cheap/economical feed, create cooperation between cultivators and groups and open up easy access to capital, Carry out water quality management and use fish that have a high tolerance for decline water quality, providing quality seeds/parents.

Assessing the roles of farmer organizations for effective agricultural water management in Sri Lanka

CONTEXTThe ancient Sri Lankan village tank cascade system (VTCS) is a unique agricultural system that irrigates 35% of rice lands in Sri Lanka. Climate change, population growth, and social determinants are increasing pressure on VTCS, and the available water resources are being limited and competing with other water users. Therefore, effective water management on the field and landscape scale needs attention to address these challenges. OBJECTIVESince community-based water management bodies have been recognized as a leading approach for effective field-level water management, this study aimed to assess the behavior of farmer organizations (FOs), understand their capacities for field-level water management, and determine improvements required to achieve more effective field-level water management. METHODSWe surveyed 357 respondents from 21 FOs in the Deduru Oya river basin. FO behavior in five categories was assessed: 1) organizational rules, legitimacy, and culture; 2) organizational hierarchy and decision-making; 3) leadership; 4) communication and coordination; and 5) motivational incentives and organizational stability. Respondents rated their perception of the organizational behavior of the FO they participate in on a Likert scale. In addition, we conducted key informant interviews with 11 field officers of relevant government bodies who work closely with the FOs we studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONFOs showed great diversity in their organizational behavior. Overall transparency, participatory decision-making, internal communication, and leadership were identified as key behaviors supporting efficient water management by FOs. Organizational culture, external communication, and organizational stability were all found to have significant improvement needs. FO behaviors in terms of organizational culture have major gaps in several areas, including poor organizational legitimacy awareness, poor financial accountability, unhealthy revenue generation, insufficient environmental consideration, and poor record keeping. Interestingly, FO members from different hierarchical layers disagreed on behavior within their own FOs. Additionally, conflicting responses among FOs and government agency field officers were also observed, highlighting the need to inspect field officers' actions by senior authorities. There is a need to improve FO behaviors in identified weak areas for better irrigation water management. SIGNIFICANCEThe recommendations of this study offer multi-scale solutions, including solid capacity building through knowledge sharing and highlighting the gaps aimed at strengthening FO behaviors that support effective field-level water management. The findings and recommendations are informative in terms of investments required to enable FOs to fulfill their potential as efficient water managers at the community scale. Furthermore, these findings may help in national policy making.

Rice area mapping in Palakkad district of Kerala using Sentinel-2 data and Geographic information system technique

Proper calculation of rice cultivation area well before harvest is critical for projecting rice yields and developing policies to assure food security. This research looks at how Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used to map rice fields in Palakkad district of Kerala. The area was delineated using three multi-temporal cloud free Sentinel-2 data with 10 m spatial resolution, matching to crop's reproductive stage during mundakan season (September-October to December-January), 2020-21. To make classification easier, the administrative boundary of district was placed over the mosaicked image. The rice acreage estimation and land use classification of the major rice tract of Palakkad district comprising five blocks was done using Iterative Self-Organisation Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) unsupervised classification provision in ArcGIS 10.1 software, employing False Colour Composite (FCC) including Blue (B2), Green (B3), Red (B4) and Near-infrared (B8) Bands of Sentinel-2 images. The classification accuracy was determined by locating a total of 60 validation points throughout the district, comprising 30 rice and 30 non-rice points. The total estimated area was 24742.76 ha, with an average accuracy of 88.33% and kappa coefficient 0.766 in five blocks of Palakkad district. The information generated will be helpful in assessing the anticipated production as well as the water demand of the rice fields.

What Happened to PhilRice’s Microtiller? A Scaling Study

This study inquires on the outscaling of the microtiller, a machine developed by the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) in the 1990s to address the tedious rice land cultivation in the Cordillera highlands of the Philippines. Stakeholders of the project were interviewed, particularly staff members of PhilRice and the Department of Agriculture; representatives of the Central Cordillera Agricultural Programme, PhilRice’s partner organization in developing and promoting the microtiller; and manufacturers and farmers in the area. It was found that while the machine offered a solution to the highly tedious land preparation issue, four key factors affected its scaling: absence of private sector engagement, lack of a business plan for scaling, lack of extension services, and the presence of a more versatile and cheaper competitor. This study provides empirical evidence of the usability of the set of scaling ingredients developed by PPPLab and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center to facilitate analysis of scaling of innovations. The findings may inform scaling opportunities and strategies for farm machines by agricultural research and development institutions across the globe.

Temporal soil fertility with organic nitrogen sources in acidic soil of Meghalaya

A field experiment was conducted at CAU, Umiam, Meghalaya during kharif 2017 to investigate the effect of nitrogen application through urea and Azolla on temporal soil fertility build-up under low land rice cultivation at 30, 60, 90 days after transplanting (DAT) and at maturity in acidic soil. The experiment consists of six treatments with and without Azolla incorporation laid out in RBD with four replications. The application of 60 kg N/ha through urea along with Azolla incorporation @16000 kg/ha (T6) recorded highest available N (289.98 kg/ha) after harvest which was significantly superior over control (227.45 kg/ ha) with 9.1% increase. Similarly, this treatment recorded highest available P, K and OC i.e. 20.6, 192.3, 2.1 kg/ha after harvest followed by T5 and T2. Further, it was also observed that available P, K and OC in T6 were statistically significant over T4 whereas T5 was significant over T3 with respect to advancement in crop age.

Performance of Planting Tools (Seed Planter) on Rice Land, Palu City, Central Sulawesi

The application of innovation and technology in agricultural machinery in the world is one of the factors in increasing production and productivity of agricultural products. One of them is the application of agricultural machinery, namely the process of planting on agricultural land. The use of agricultural machinery at the farm level, especially planting, is still rarely carried out, as long as the availability of agricultural labor is decreasing. Most agricultural workers have entered non-productive age, while the interest of the younger generation to enter the world of agriculture is getting lower, especially conventional agriculture. Agricultural mechanization can solve this problem. The purpose of this research is to produce the performance of the seed planter in lowland rice fields. The research method uses an agrotechnical study that measures the theoretical capacity (Kt), actual working capacity (Ka), the efficiency of the seed planter's performance, and wheel slip on the seed planter. Based on the test results the average field capacity performance is 1.301 ha/hour, the test results are the actual average field capacity 0.650 ha/hour, the test results are the average efficiency of the tool performance is 50.0%, and the average slip test results wheel that is 13.75%. Factors that affect the performance test of planting tools, among others: operator skills, soil conditions, wheel slip, shape and size of planting tools, as well as the topography of a land.
 Keywords: Actual Work Capacity (Ka), Theoretical Work Capacity (Kt), Efficiency, Wheel Slip, Seed Planter

Relative performance of neem coated urea on the basis of need based nitrogen management using customized leaf colour chart in low land rice (Oryza sativa) of eastern India

An experiment was conducted during the Kharif season, of 2018 to study the effect of NCU in conventional and customized leaf colour chart (CLCC) based approach on rice (Oryza sativa). The eight treatments were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. It has been found that application of NCU based on CLCC recorded higher yield i.e. by 7.74% in comparison with conventionally applied NCU and 12.5% in comparison with conventionally applied OU. The N2O emission ranged from 14.1–91.6 μg N2O-N m−2 hr−1 and the total N2O-N emission during the season ranged from 0.38 to 0.61 kg ha−1. The loss of N through N2O emission was recorded in the range of 19-23% under NCU applied based on CLCC than those applied under conventionally. 75% RDN in form of NCU based on CLCC recorded the highest N recovery efficiency (REN) (49.62%). CLCC based NCU application recorded notable performance in most of the yield attributing characters such as number of panicles m-2, panicle length, number of grains panicle-1, number of filled grains panicle-1 and harvest index. It also recorded the highest yield (4.59 t ha-1) amongst all the treatments and increases the yield by 7.74% in comparison with conventionally. The results acknowledged that N can be saved by following CLCC approach.

Relative performance of neem coated urea on the basis of need based nitrogen management using customized leaf colour chart in low land rice (Oryza sativa) of eastern India

An experiment was conducted during the Kharif season, of 2018 to study the effect of NCU in conventional and customized leaf colour chart (CLCC) based approach on rice (Oryza sativa). The eight treatments were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. It has been found that application of NCU based on CLCC recorded higher yield i.e. by 7.74% in comparison with conventionally applied NCU and 12.5% in comparison with conventionally applied OU. The N2O emission ranged from 14.1–91.6 μg N2O-N m−2 hr−1 and the total N2O-N emission during the season ranged from 0.38 to 0.61 kg ha−1 . The loss of N through N2O emission was recorded in the range of 19-23% under NCU applied based on CLCC than those applied under conventionally. 75% RDN in form of NCU based on CLCC recorded the highest N recovery efficiency (REN) (49.62%). CLCC based NCU application recorded notable performance in most of the yield attributing characters such as number of panicles m-2 , panicle length, number of grains panicle-1 , number of filled grains panicle-1 and harvest index. It also recorded the highest yield (4.59 t ha-1 ) amongst all the treatments and increases the yield by 7.74% in comparison with conventionally. The results acknowledged that N can be saved by following CLCC approach

Molecular Characterization of Land Races of Rice by Using SSR Markers (Oryza sativa L.)

The study was conducted to use thirty one rice land races for characterized the genetic diversity analysis at Seed Unit, UAHS, Shivamogga. The SSR markers (25 SSR markers) were used for the assessment of genetic diversity and relatedness among 31 rice landraces and all of them were found polymorphic. Twenty five SSR markers revealed 50 alleles in the 31 land races, the number of alleles per locus with an average of 2 per locus. Major allele frequency ranged from 0.58 (RM 25) to 0.94 (RM 229) with an average of 0.74 per marker. The PIC (polymorphism information content) value ranged from 0.12 (RM 229) to 0.66 (RM 481 and RM 25) with an average of 0.36 per marker. The PIC value of each marker, which was evaluated on the basis of its alleles, varied greatly all tested SSR loci-from 0.58 to 0.94 with an average of 0.74. The highest PIC value 0.49 was obtained for RM481 and RM25, followed by RM443 (0.47), RM224 (0.46) RM 159, RM 1054, RM226 and RM24 (0.44). Remaining markers were showed less PIC value. Lower PIC value result of closely related landraces and higher PIC values result of diverse landraces. The dendrogram based on UPGMA grouped the 31landraces into 10 clusters that were demarcated at a similarity coefficient of 0.68. Cluster III was the largest including 13 land races followed by cluster VI and II each of which had four and three land races respectively. The remaining clusters had one and two landraces each.

“Agricultural Weeder with Nail Assembly” for Weed Control, Soil Moisture Conservation, Soil Aeration and Increasing Crop Productivity

“Agricultural weeder with nail assembly” (Design registration no. 289754 in class 15-03, dt. 13-09-2019, Patent Office Kolkata, GOI) has been developed to mechanically weed out young composite weed flora including germinating ones, since 5-7 days of crop sowing at field capacity (FC), from line sown and broadcast field (cereals, pulses, oilseeds, jute, mesta, flax, sunnhemp,) and horticultural crops (vegetables and flowers etc.). This tool contains i) a nail assembly with 5-6 nos. of nails (6-8 mm dia.) fixed with nuts at 3 cm apart in series ii) scrapper (of different types) and iii) tine, to suit different types of operations. Addition of a boat replacing its front wheels and two conical rotors in the main frame, make it suitable to control weeds in transplanted rice field also. With the help of this tool, 85 to 90 per cent of composite weeds can be controlled. In two successive operations, at 5 days intervals since 5 days after crop emergence, it requires only 12-18 man days/ha and saves Rs.15000 to Rs.20000/ha. It produced 33 to 40 quintal jute fibre/ ha, 4.5 to 5 tonnes of upland and transplanted land rice, 3.0 to 4.5 tonnes of wheat and 15 q mustard/ha under farmers’ field and at ICAR-CRIJAF in different years. It increases soil aeration (Oxygen diffusion rate, ODR: 303 μg O2 m-2 sec-1), keeps the soil cooler (1-50C) and improves soil moisture (4-15%) by soil mulching in drier months and improves jute fibre yield (10-20%) and its water productivity. Till now around 55000 numbers of “Agricultural Weeder with Nail assembly” have been distributed to the jute farmers of West Bengal by Department of Agril. Govt. of WB. Due to its low draft (8-15 kg only at FC), women, youngsters and aged persons can also operate the tool easily in different crop round the year.

Understanding the perceived indicators of food sovereignty and food security for rice growers and rural organizations in Mazandaran Province, Iran

BackgroundFood sovereignty and food security are inseparable from agricultural development policies, particularly regarding how to increase food production and productivity to meet future demand. This study investigates the status and perceptions of food sovereignty and food security of small-scale rice growers’ households in the Mazandaran Province of northern Iran. The study region is one of the most important places for domestic rice production, with nearly 230,000 hectares of rice lands in the country and 45% of total domestic rice production. The role of the Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) as an innovative rural institution was highlighted by the rice producers for contributing to food sovereignty and food security. A survey was distributed among 127 rice farmers’ households to obtain indicators of food sovereignty (localization of food systems, values for food providers, concentration of local control of the food system, building knowledge and skills, right to food, working with nature) and food security (availability, accessibility, utility, quality). Principal Component Analysis and Partial Correlation tests were used for finding the relationship between variables and focused indicators.ResultsResults show that food sovereignty in Northern Iran focused on localizing the food system by gaining access to financial assets and local markets, investing in human capital and local training and improving access to the water resources; food security focused on environmental and climate extension, increasing household’s revenues by improving food policies and food quality from rice farmers’ perspectives. In addition, the results of this study demonstrate the desire in Northern Iran for the role of innovative rural organizations as vital linkages between rice farmers and the public sector (i.e., Ministry of Agriculture Jihad).ConclusionsThis research shows that from the perspective of the surveyed rice growers in northern Iran, four main indicators that relate to investment and resources were the most significant: capital, markets, credit, and knowledge. Further studies are required for remote sensing monitoring of rice crop condition and yields, condition of irrigation systems, and geographic relationship of the agricultural infrastructure to food sovereignty and food security in northern Iran.

Decision on Market Participation of Rice Producers in Fogera District, Northwestern Amhara Region, Ethiopia

The recent studies indicated, determinants of rice market participation need further investigation in Fogera district. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify determinants of rice market participation decision and the quantity of rice marketed by rice producers. To achieve these objectives, both primary and secondary data were collected in 2018/2019 farming season. Both descriptive statistics and double hurdle econometric model were used to analyse the data of 212 sample rice producers. From the sample rice producers, 78.3% were market participants and the remaining 21.7% were non participants. The results of the study indicated, market distance was significantly and negatively influencing the probability of rice market participation, while credit use, production and market information were significantly and positively influencing the probability of rice market participaton. Where as, education level, credit use, production, labor and rice land size were significantly and positively influencing the quantity of rice marketed supply. The finding of this study emphasis the importance of socio economic, institutional and market factors related to yield enhancing rice technologies, use of credit and having access to market information. Therefore, development interventions could focuss on improving such socio economic, institutional and market determinants to make farmers’ rice market participation wider. Keywords: Double hurdle, Ethiopia, Fogera, Rice DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/120-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

Tekanan Penduduk dan Daya Dukung Lahan Padi Gogo di Kecamatan Mustikajaya Kota Bekasi

This study aimed to analyse the population pressure and the carrying capacity of agricultural land (upland rice). The benefit of the research was to provide information for young farmers as a form of consideration for clearing agricultural land from the income used by the population. The research was carried out from September-November Year of 2021 in The District of Mustikajaya, Bekasi City. This research used descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method. Determination of the location was based on the need for high managed land and conversion of upland rice. Types of research data in the form of primary data and secondary data. Data collection methods included interviews, documentation, and literature study. The sampling method was a proportional sampling method. Analysis of the data in this study is Analysis of Population Pressure Index (PPI) and Analysis of Carrying Capacity Land (CCL). The results showed that the PPI value in The District of Mustikajaya was 1.55 people/ha and the CCL value for Upland Rice was 0.65 ha. The conclusions of the study are 1) Population pressure in The District of Mustikajaya has exceeded the threshold for agricultural land; 2) The carrying capacity of upland rice fields in The District of Mustikajaya is low.

Tekanan Penduduk dan Daya Dukung Lahan Padi Gogo di Kecamatan Mustikajaya Kota Bekasi

This study aimed to analyse the population pressure and the carrying capacity of agricultural land (upland rice). The benefit of the research was to provide information for young farmers as a form of consideration for clearing agricultural land from the income used by the population. The research was carried out from September-November Year of 2021 in The District of Mustikajaya, Bekasi City. This research used descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method. Determination of the location was based on the need for high managed land and conversion of upland rice. Types of research data in the form of primary data and secondary data. Data collection methods included interviews, documentation, and literature study. The sampling method was a proportional sampling method. Analysis of the data in this study is Analysis of Population Pressure Index (PPI) and Analysis of Carrying Capacity Land (CCL). The results showed that the PPI value in The District of Mustikajaya was 1.55 people/ha and the CCL value for Upland Rice was 0.65 ha. The conclusions of the study are 1) Population pressure in The District of Mustikajaya has exceeded the threshold for agricultural land; 2) The carrying capacity of upland rice fields in The District of Mustikajaya is low.

A Survey, Investigation and Design (Sid) of Agricultural Land Explanation and Opening of Kaliki Village , Kurik District as Efforts to Improve the Economy for Native Papuans

With the stipulation of Merauke Regency as one of the national food barns, Merauke Regency continues to improve, especially to increase the productivity of lowland rice. This is also expected to have an impact on increasing farmers' income, especially Papuan natives (OAP) which in turn improves the welfare of the OAP community in Merauke Regency. The aims of this study are (1) to conduct an Investigational Survey of Paddy Fields in Kaliki village, Kurik district, Merauke district, by observing and measuring the field, so that it can be a technical reference in the implementation of new rice fields. (2) Designing rice field printing in Kaliki village, Kurik district, Merauke district, based on the norms of technical standards and criteria for rice field printing. (3) Plan and determine the area of ​​land that can be used as rice field farming land that is adjusted to the CPCL OAP in Kaliki village. The results of this study are: (1) Based on the results of the analysis of geological maps, topographic maps, demographic surveys (CPCL) as well as customs and culture that have been carried out in the work area, the results are: the location of paddy fields in the work area shows alluvial soil types with characteristics soil. (2) In connection with the very thick existing local wisdom, which is closely related to customary laws, in terms of planning for land clearing in Kaliki village, a traditional approach will be needed, so as to obtain solutions that can benefit all parties, especially the village community. kaliki. (3) The area at the location of the SID rice field printing work in the Kaliki village which is adjusted to the CPCL data and the needs of the village is 127 Ha.

Research Method for Assessing the Potential of Solar Energy Source: Case Study in Thanh Hoa Province


 This research uses the GHI (Global Horizontal Irradiation Index) raster data source of solar radiation potential map developed by The World Bank Group and the land use map data, infrastructure in 2019 of Thanh Hoa province to calculate the solar radiation technical potential in Thanh Hoa province. In addition, GIS techniques are also applied to overlay thematic maps to determine the available solar energy development area according to the method of the Institute of Energy. The results show that the available solar energy development area is 54,621.15 ha, accounting for 5% of the province's natural area, the technical potential is 21,848.46 MWp. The well-developed regions are concentrated in the lowland and midland districts due to favorable conditions of land scale and infrastructure, less affected by natural disasters such as storms, floods and landslides. Regarding the method of determining technical potential, it is required to be more specific to identify available and exclusion areas with some types of land such as water surface, forest and paddy rice land.

Comparison of Fuzzy Logic and Multiple Linear Regression in Forecasting Rice Production in Toba District

The purpose of this study is to forecast rice production in Toba Regency in the future. Factors affecting rice production studied are land area, subsidized fertilizers, rice pest populations, average rainfall on rainy days. The methods used in this study are fuzzy logic methods and linear regression. This study compared more accurate forecasting results based on errors from both methods. The data used is secondary data from the Toba Regency Agriculture Office. The data studied were in the form of data on rice production, land area, subsidized fertilizers, pest populations, average rainfall and rainy days in 2016-2021. This research was conducted with the help of matlab toolbox fuzzy and SPSS software. From the forecasting results obtained, the multiple linear regression method is closer to the actual result of 878,428.07 Tons compared to using fuzzy logic of 1,032,300 Tons. Based on the error standards of the two methods, it can be concluded that the multiple linear regression method has a more accurate result with an error of 3.11% compared to the fuzzy logic method with an error of 22.05%.
 Keywords : Rice, Production, Fuzzy Logic, Linear Regression, Standard Error.

Spatial Regulation of Protected Rice Fields through A Notary Law Approach on Freehold Title Splitzing

Protected Rice Field is a legal norm regulated in the Decree of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number: 1589/SK-HK.02.01/XII/2021 concerning Stipulation of Protected Rice Fields Map in Regencies/Cities in West Sumatra Province, Banten Province, West Java Province, Central Java Province, Yogyakarta Special Region Province, East Java Province, Bali Province, and West Nusa Tenggara Province. The purpose of the establishment of the regulation is to control the conversion of rice fields into other functions such as housing, shops, offices and other investment functions. A Notary as an official authorized to make an authentic deed, based on the duties and authorities of a Notary regulated in the Notary Position Act, can also execute the process of splitzing a land certificate by first obtaining a position as a Land Deed Official (referred to as PPAT). Problems regarding protected rice fields in relation to the authority of the Notary in executing the splitzing of the certificates of rice fields are there are obstacles that may emerge in the implementation process due to the issuance of regulations regarding the protected rice fields. This study aims to analyse the public’s perception towards the designation of protected rice fields with the provisions of the freehold titles splitzing. The research method used in thi research is normative juridical research. Based on the analysis, the results of this study indicated that in the case splitzing the deeds of rice field land, the notary is still guided by the terms and conditions stipulated by the National Land Agency.