Exploitation Of Land Resources Research Articles

Spatial distribution characteristics of natural ecological resilience in China

High-intensity exploitation of land resources and the natural environment can upset the balance of ecosystems, causing multiple ecological problems and affecting regional sustainable development. Recently, China has carried out integrated regional ecosystem protection and restoration governance. Ecological resilience (ER) is the foundation of and key to achieving sustainable regional development. Based on the significance of ER in ecological protection and restoration efforts and the necessity of conducting large-scale studies, we conducted relevant research on the ER in China. In this study, we selected typical impact factors to construct an assessment model of ER in China and quantitatively measured its large-scale spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, while also exploring the relationship between ER and land-use types. The country was zoned according to the ER contributions of each land-use type, and ER enhancement and ecological protection were discussed based on the characteristics of different regions. The ER in China shows clear spatial heterogeneity and spatial agglomeration, roughly represented by high and low ER in the southeast and northwest regions. The mean ER values of woodland, arable land, and construction land were all greater than 0.6, with more than 97% of the ER values at levels of medium or above. The country can be divided into three regions based on the degree of ER contributions of various land-use types, each with different ecological problems. This study provides a detailed understanding of and explores the important role of ER on the regional development process, and provides support and reference for regional ecological protection and restoration as well as sustainable development.

Deconstructing the driving factors of land development intensity from multi-scale in differentiated functional zones

Land development intensity (LDI) is an important indicator of how much human exploitation of land resources. Against the background of rapid urbanization and industrialization, in order to curb the over-occupation of agricultural and ecological space by urbanized space, China has proposed the Major Functional Zoning Planning (MFZP) as a new spatial governance model, which attempts to implement differentiated LDI control according to the functional positioning of different regions. To observe the spatio-temporal evolution and drivers of LDI in the first five years since the implementation of the MFZP, we chose the Yangtze River Delta, the most urbanized region in China, as a case area. The multi-scale distribution pattern of LDI was analyzed by combining macro and micro scales, and a new spatial measurement method integrating global and local regression models was developed to quantitatively deconstruct the natural-human drivers of LDI in different functional zones. Results demonstrate that LDI decreases in a gradient of the urbanized zone (UZ) > main agricultural production zone (MAPZ) > key ecological function zone (KEFZ). In the UZ, LDI is influenced by natural-human multi factors, e.g., terrain conditions (SLP), proportion of cultivated land area (PCL), proportion of ecologically important area (EID), population urbanization rate (PUR), GDP per capita (PGDP), fixed asset investment size per land (FAI) and fiscal expenditure as a percentage of GDP (FD). The LDI in the MAPZ is mainly affected by the facilitating role of PCL, EID, FAI, and the prominent role of FD, while that in the KEFZ is mainly inhibited by SLP, EID, and driven by the PGDP. The diverse drivers of LDI in different functional zones remind us to implement differentiated spatial control according to functional positioning and to adopt refined policy tools of zoning and classification to ensure that land resources within each type of functional zone can be used sustainably.

Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Yili River Valley.

Soil nutrients are a vital reference index of soil fertility and are essential in studying spatial variability for the development of land resources. The traditional statistical methods including correlation analysis and geostatistical analysis, were used to explore the spatial variability of nutrients and its influencing factors in the Yili River Valley. The results showed that soil total potassium (STK) had a weak variation, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN) and soil total phosphorus (STP) showed a moderate degree of variation. Correlation analysis showed that SOC had a significant correlation with STN, STP, STK, silt, soil water content (SWC), Cos a and altitude (p < 0.01). In contrast, negative correlations were found between the SOC and sand, soil bulk density (SBD) and pH (p < 0.01), the same as STN. STP had a significant correlation with STK, silt (p < 0.01) and Cos a (p < 0.05), whereas negative correlations were found between the STP, sand and SBD (p < 0.01). STK had a significant correlation with silt, whereas negative correlations were found between the STK, sand and SBD. Ordinary Kriging interpolation showed that the distribution of SOC and STN had a high value in the northeast, northwest and southeast, and a low value in the central and southwest. STP was high in the northwest and southeast and low in the northeast and southwest. STK was high in the northwest and northeast and low in the central and southeast regions. This is helpful for the rational exploitation of land resources in ecological economy development in the Yili River Basin.

Effect of Different Land-Use Types on Soil Properties in Cheha District, South-Central Ethiopia

Land-use changes under poor management practices are among the major causes of decline in soil fertility and agricultural productivity in south-central Ethiopia. Therefore, the study of soil properties variations across land-use types will have implications for planning proper soil management strategies. This study assessed the effects of land-use types on soil physicochemical properties in the Cheha district, south-central Ethiopia. Seven land-use types, eucalyptus plantation, cultivated, grazing, shrub, enset (Ensete ventricosum), khat (Chata edulis), and natural forest, were considered in describing soil fertility. A total of 21 soil samples (0–20 cm depth) were collected randomly from three representative soil sampling plots across each land-use type and examined for their analysis of soil physicochemical properties. Results showed that land-use changes induced significant (p &lt; 0.05) differences in the soil OC, total N, CEC, pH, aluminum saturation, and Fe among land-use types were observed. Soils under eucalyptus plantation were considerably low in the sand (23.44%), silt (24.00%), and available water content (111.13 mm/m), whereas high in clay (52.56%) content and bulk density (1.39 g cm−3) as compared to enset land-use type. Compared to natural forest, soils under enset land-use type were high in soil OC (2.41%), total N (0.23%), and CEC (37.61 cmol (+) kg−1) followed by khat land-use. Correlation analysis also showed a highly significant positive relationship between soil OC and CEC but negative with bulk density, soil pH, and aluminum saturation. Total N in eucalyptus plantation, cultivated, khat, and enset lands were depleted by 56.0%, 40.0%, 36.0%, and 8.0%, respectively. Relative to forest land, lower exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Na contents were recorded in soils of cultivated land use. The extractable Fe, Mn, and Zn contents of soils were generally high and are not limiting for crop production. The intensive exploitation of land resources and improper soil management systems in the area could be the major factors for variations in soil properties across land-use types. Therefore, there is a need to develop integrated soil management practices that could help to restore soil nutrients and thereby minimize the continuing soil degradation for sustainable agricultural productivity.

Plants Potential of Green and Open Space Planning (RTH) to Mitigate CO2 Gas Emission in Ambon

The urbanization rate may give an adverse effect on a city. For example, it accrues the number of urban dwellers and induces the exploitation of land resources with a quick conversion rate, which leads to the degradation of the quality of the environment. This condition is exacerbated by deescalated green and open spaces (RTH) as a CO 2 absorber. CO 2 emissions in urban regions can be mitigated by exerting trees, which have a pivotal role in carbon uptake. This research imparts an analysis of plant species that are potential for absorbing carbon and storing biomass in green and open spaces in Ambon. The research method is quantitative by estimating biomass and carbon uptake of trees. Results indicate that trembesi (Samanea saman), linggua (Pterocarpus indicus), mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), bintanggur (Calophyllum inophyllum), and kerai payung (Filicium decipiens) are typical trees planted in Ambon. The highest CO 2 uptake capacity (B = 110.95 tons/ha, CO 2 = 191.38 tons/ha) is identified in Trembesi (Samanea Saman), linggua (Pterocarpus indicus), the second-highest with a B = 61.66 tons/ha and CO 2 = 106.36 tons/ha, and Akasia (Acacia mangium), the third-highest with a B = 25.24 tons/ha and CO 2 = 41.69 tons/ha

Participatory land-use planning for strengthening the village land resources management: a case study of Gorontalo, Indonesia

Sustainable land management is crucial to ensure the availability of food, water, and clean air, especially to long-term support of human well-being and health. Continuous exploitation of land resources leads to land degradation and declines in agricultural productivity, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. This study aims to strengthen land resources management at the village level through a participatory land-use planning (PLUP) approach. The research location is at Moliliulo Village, Gorontalo. Current issues on land use and land management were collected using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques. This information became a consideration in land use analysis conducted using a geographic information system (GIS). The approved future land use directions are about 88% forest (natural forest and agroforestry) and 12% non-forest (agriculture, coconut plantations, settlements, and water body). The land-use plan is essential for guiding the village government and the villagers on managing land resources. Additionally, it potentially strengthens the village development programs, social forestry management and resolves forest conflict. To ensure the implementation of land use planning, the village government should develop regulations on land use.

Land Use Change and Farmers’ Sense of Place in Typical Catchment of the Loess Hilly and Gully Region of China

Clarifying the relationship between land use and farmers’ sense of place on a micro scale is significant for enriching the perspective of research on human–environment relationships. Therefore, this paper analyzed land use change and the sense of place of farmers and further explored the interaction between them in the Yangjuangou catchment of Liqu Town in Baota District, Shaanxi Province from 1984 to 2020. The results indicated that: (1) the change in croplands was the most significant, i.e., its share in the total area decreased by 40%, and the decrease in sloping fields was the highest. The average relative altitude of croplands has decreased. The change in ecological land was also more significant, showing an increasing trend. Overall, the exploitation of land resources has declined; (2) the intensity of the sense of place of local farmers fluctuated downwards. The intensity of place attachment and place dependence decreased, and the intensity of the place identity increased; and (3) the decline in the intensity of the place attachment and place dependence promoted the reduction of sloping fields, the growth of ecological land and abandoned fields. By comparison, the increase in ecological land and check dam land promoted an increase in the intensity of place identity for local farmers. This paper suggested that rural areas in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region should strengthen innovation in land use patterns and focus on sustainability of farmers’ livelihoods, in order to promote the harmonious development of human-environmental relations.

Evidence of Climate and Environmental Change in Nigeria: Synthesis from the Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact and Response (DPSIR) Framework

This review employs the DPSIR framework to synthesise evidence of climate and environmental change in Nigeria. The study identified population, political, social, economic, and technological dynamics as the major drivers of human activities with indicators being land-use, water-use, and energy-use dynamics. . Land-use and water-use, for example, which involve direct exploitation of land resources, result in landcover dynamics. The rate, extent, and magnitude of human activities are the proximate or direct factors that exert pressure on the environment, particularly loss of vegetation cover and thus CO 2 and other GHG sinks, whereas energy-use results in increased CO 2 and other GHG emissions. This double tragedy is a direct contributor to climate and environmental change. Total energy consumption has increased in Nigeria, where both spatial and temporal variations in air temperature distribution have been observed, with the trend revealing that mean temperature has shown a rise of about 1.2 o C along the coastal cities and 2 o C in extreme northern Nigeria. The observable state and trends of the Nigerian environment include an increase in temperature and an increase in extreme weather events. Droughts and desertification have persisted, as has the frequency, amount, duration, and intensity of rainfall, as well as changes in landuse/landcover. As a result, 70-80 percent of Nigeria's original forest has vanished. As the area of Lake Chad has shrunk, an increasing number of fauna (primates) and flora biodiversity are threatened or endangered. Crop and livestock productivity declines or is lost, as are rural livelihoods, infrastructure, tourist potentials, the agro-based manufacturing sector, the energy sector, and increased food insecurity. The current state and trend of climate and environmental change in Nigeria has prompted responses, mitigation, and adaptation in order to increase resilience, adaptive capacity, or reduce vulnerabilities and risk. Keywords: Climate change, Environmental change, Greenhouse gases, Flooding, Land cover DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-7-05 Publication date: July 31 st 2021

Colonial Origins of Sons of the Soil Insurgency: Maoist Rebellion in Central India

ABSTRACT What is the role of colonial institutions in creating the conditions for nativist sons of the soil (SoS) insurgency? The literature on sons of the soil conflicts has not explored the historical legacies of colonial institutions, nor has it sufficiently analyzed how land tenure institutions create sons of the soil conflict. I address these gaps, by proposing a theory of how British colonial indirect rule and land tenure institutions in India caused exploitation of land resources of indigenous tribes by ethnic outsiders, which caused SoS grievances that persisted through path dependence and were later mobilized by Maoist rebels in the former princely state of Bastar in Central India. I show generalizability of this mechanism to other cases of leftist insurgency in Colombia, Mexico and Philippines.

A comprehensive, locally adapted soil quality indexing under different land uses in a typical watershed of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Modern human activities have resulted in the indiscriminate exploitation of land resources, which has exerted increasingly negative influences on soil quality. Critically, these effects are seen in already ecologically fragile areas. In this study, a total of 48 soil samples were obtained at 0–20 cm depth (surface soil) and 20–40 cm depth (subsurface soil) from five types of land uses in a typical watershed in northwest China, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A comprehensive fuzzy mathematical model combined with soil quality index (SQI) was used to evaluate and calculate soil quality in the study area. Results showed that the SQI value was highest in mountain cropland, with values of 0.520 and 0.421 for surface and subsurface areas, respectively. Comparatively, values were lowest in grassland, with 0.447 and 0.364 for surface and subsurface areas, respectively. Then we assessed the sensitivity index (SI) to understand the effects of different physicochemical soil properties on soil quality under different land use types, and the SI values of mountain cropland and grassland with a large variations of soil quality were analyzed. Results showed that among the 15 evaluating indices, SI values for alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and total nitrogen (TN) in the surface soil layer meanwhile AN and TN in subsurface soil were higher than 1.5, indicating the sensitivity of these properties increased in mountain cropland. Surface soil is more vulnerable to land use changes driven by a variety of human activities, given this, surface and subsurface soil samples had recognizable differences. We next calculated the stratification ratio (SR), with results showing that SR values for most soil properties were higher in mountain cropland relative to grassland soil, with AP in mountain cropland was a maximum at 1.94, indicating these properties were more important indicators of the effects of land use changes. These analyses, provide a better explanation of why the soil quality was better in mountain cropland with specific physical and chemical properties. Collectively, the outcomes of this study indicated the potential for assessing soil quality covered by five land use types along with soil stratifications in a region with a sensitive and fragile ecological environment.

Quantitative assessment of land use/land cover changes on the value of ecosystem services in the coastal landscape of Anzali International Wetland.

This study, using remote sensing techniques and GIS, studied the land use land cover (LULC) changes of Anzali International Wetland from 1975 to 2013, and the effects of these changes on the ES (ecosystem service) values of the wetland. The benefit transfer method was used to estimate the economic value of the ecosystem goods and services. The basis for the valuations was the values provided for the ES of the world biomes. According to the results, in the period of study (1975 to 2013), the highest percentage of incremental change was attributed to urban and manmade centers (73.85%), while the lowest was related to the wetland coverage area (0.32%). Value changes between 1975 and 1975 for agricultural lands were positive and equal to US$ 12.85 million and for the rangelands were negative and equal to US$ - 26.84 million. These changes were positive for the coastal wetlands, equivalent to US$ 258.95 million a year. Despite the negative value changes of the rangelands, the total ES value changes in the entire wetland during the years 1975 to 2013 were evaluated to be positive (equal to US$ 244.96 million). Changes in the value of the services of pollination, biological control, genetic resources, and food production in 2013 were negative, compared to 1975. This indicates the loss of these values, which is due to the loss of rangelands in the study area. The findings of this study can inform policymakers, managers, and environmental planners about the continuation of the changing process and may lead to the formulation of policies for the sustainable exploitation of land resources, as well as future effective land use planning for achieving the goals of sustainable development in the study area. The findings can serve as a tool for raising awareness about the contribution of nature to the benefits, social welfare, and livelihood of the stakeholders.

Ecological and economic efficiency of tillage resource-saving technologies

Under existing conditions, intensive exploitation of land resources is accompanied by negative changes in agrogenic ecosystems. As a result of the anthropogenic impact on the soil cover, fertility and yield are reduced. To maintain the equilibrium of agrogenic ecosystems from the effects of anthropogenic factors causing soil degradation and loss of its fertility, it is necessary to introduce new technologies that combine safe ecological principles with the production of a stable yield of grain crops. The use of modern technologies of tillage provides the greatest economic effect and is able to increase soil fertility and the level of ecological purity of agricultural products, which is of great importance.

Mental health issues among indigenous communities and the role of traditional medicine.

Mental health in indigenous communities is a relevant issue for the World Health Organization (WHO). These communities are supposed to live in a pure, clean and intact environment. Their real condition is far different from the imaginary; they are vulnerable populations living in difficult areas, exposed to pollution, located far from the health services, exposed to several market operations conducted to extract natural resources, facing criminal groups or illegal exploitation of land resources. These factors may have an impact on mental health of indigenous population. We reviewed all papers available on PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library until December 2018. We focused on those factors affecting the changes from a traditional to a post-modern society and reviewed data available on stress-related issues, mental distress affecting indigenous/aboriginal communities and the role of Traditional Medicine (TM). We reviewed articles from different countries hosting indigenous communities. The incidence of mental distress and related phenomena (e.g. collective suicide, alcoholism and violence) among indigenous populations is affected by political and socio-economic variables. The mental health of these populations is poorly studied and described even if mental illness indicators are somewhat alarming. TM still seems to have a role in supporting affected people and may reduce deficiencies due to poor access to medical insurance/coverage, psychiatry and psychotherapy. It would be helpful to combine TM and modern medicine in a healthcare model to face indigenous populations' health needs. This review confirms the impact of societal changes, environmental threats and exploitation of natural resources on the mental health of indigenous populations. Global Mental Health needs to deal with the health needs of indigenous populations as well as psychiatry needs to develop new categories to describe psychopathology related to social variance as recently proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5).

A Review on Managing Agroecosystems for Improved Water Use Efficiency in the Face of Changing Climate in Tanzania

Agroecosystems are important for food production and conservation of biodiversity while continuing to provide several ecosystem services within the landscape. Despite their economic and ecological benefits, most agroecosystems in Tanzania are degraded at alarming rates. Rapid increase of human population and unprecedented impacts of climate change have influenced depletion of natural resource base within agroecosystem in recent decades compared to what communities have experienced before. Increased food demands owing to population increase have increased pressure on exploitation of land resources including water. Cultivation area and irrigation water demands have increased steadily in the last six decades. Nevertheless, approaches used for water supply have not been improved; thus, water use efficiency in most irrigation schemes is quite poor. Conversely, climate smart agricultural practices are practiced less in Tanzania. There is poor adoption of recommended adaptation among smallholder farmers due to several socioeconomic reasons. One of the key objectives of climate smart agriculture is to improve bio-geochemical interactions within landscape and decrease competition of natural resources between humans and other component of agroecosystems. This underscores the assumptions that most cropping systems in Tanzania are not managed sustainably. Moreover, comprehensive assessment of hydrological dynamics within smallholder farming in Tanzania is highly lacking. Therefore, actual causes and extent of water resources depletion are largely unknown among stakeholders. In most tropical landscapes, water resources degradation is influenced by interaction of both anthropogenic and biophysical factors operating at different times and space scales. As the capacity of water-supplying sources continues to decline, Tanzania needs profound changes in agricultural production systems in order to nourish the growing human population. This calls for strategic approaches that have wider adaptability. A literature survey study with the following objectives was conducted (i) to assess current state of agricultural water use and irrigation activities in Tanzania and (ii) to determine major constraints for sustainable water management and identify appropriate adaptation measures for their improvement across diverse cropping systems.

Representações dos moradores do entorno das áreas de exploração sobre a importância e impactos da mineração

A exploração dos recursos do solo tem crescido cada vez mais em diversas partes do mundo, principalmente em relação às explorações minerais. No Brasil, muitas comunidades têm sofrido com os impactos socioambientais decorrentes da exploração desses recursos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as representações dos moradores do entorno de áreas de exploração mineral do gnaisse acerca dos impactos e importância da mineração. Foram investigados o perfil socioeconômico, os impactos positivos e negativos da mineração e a relação comunidade-empresa. Para coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas com aplicação de questionários semiestruturados a 87 habitantes, selecionados aleatoriamente, tendo como critério de inclusão a idade &gt;/= 18 anos e escolaridade, optando-se pelos alfabetizados. Os resultados demostram que, entre os problemas socioambientais, as disfunções do aparelho respiratório, explosão das rochas com consequente modificações na paisagem, perda da fauna e flora, entre outros impactos, vêm gerando conflitos entre a comunidade e a empresa mineradora. É necessário buscar soluções que possam mitigar esses conflitos e reordenar o território ocupado pela comunidade, como também desenvolver ações para recuperação das áreas degradadas.

Impacts of water and land resources exploitation on agricultural carbon emissions: The water-land-energy-carbon nexus

Exploring the effect of water & land resource exploitation on agricultural carbon emissions helps explain agricultural “water-land-energy-carbon” (WLEC) nexus and improve the efficiency of agricultural water and land use. Based on the estimation of agricultural carbon emissions and provincial Matching Degree of Water and Land Resources (MDWL), this paper discussed the relationship between water & land resource exploitation and agricultural carbon emissions by Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model, and put forward policy suggestions for the future low-carbon development of agriculture in China. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The agricultural carbon emissions increased from 53.42 × 106tC in 2005–65.12 × 106tC in 2013, with an increasing rate of 21.89%. The carbon emission and its intensity have great spatial differences. (2) The MDWL of China fluctuated from 2005 to 2013, during which the MDWL in 2010 was the highest (1.56 × 106m3/km2). It has huge spatial difference across China. Generally, the MDWL of southern and eastern provinces was higher than that of northern and western provinces. (3) The order of contributing effect of each factor on agricultural carbon emissions is: economic output of water resources > the ratio of water and land resources > population factor > land use area per capita > agricultural carbon emission intensity. In those factors, agricultural carbon emission intensity is the main inhibitory factor, while the economic output of water resources is the main contributing factor. (4) The ratio of water and land resources has different effect on agricultural carbon emissions in different provinces. Generally, the inhibitory effect was much higher in the provinces with high MDWL than that of provinces with relatively lower MDWL. (5) To improve agricultural energy efficiency and promote carbon emission reduction, the agricultural technology should be improved, and land consolidation, large-scale operation, water-saving irrigation and the fallow rotation system of crops should be adopted.

An index-based spatial evaluation model of exploitative intensity: A case study of coastal zone in Vietnam

Coastal zones play a major role in the conservation of marine ecosystems and the sustainable use of resources not only because of their special geographical environment but also because of their high temporal and spatial variability. With the development of urbanization, the exploitation and utilization of coasts have become important issues in the debate. To evaluate variations in the intensity of the land resource exploitation of coastal zones, an index- based model has been proposed in this paper, and coastal Vietnam has been established as the study area. The model is based on four normalized indexes to realize rapid evaluation of the spatial distribution of the exploitative intensity after zoning. The model was established to characterize the different exploitative intensities in different segments of the coast and to graphically present a sequence of decision choices for decision-makers. The results are as follows. (1) The simplicity and rapidity of the index operations can address the fast-changing characteristics of coastal exploitation and meet the desired precision. (2) The choices of the landward buffers fit well with the banded characteristics of the coastal zone. The buffers are horizontally divided into equidistant subregions, which can quantify the spatial differentiation of the exploitative intensity along the coast and perpendicular to the coast. (3) The average exploitative intensity is low, and the proportion of area that is to be exploited accounts for approximately 50%.Considering its spatial variation from north to south, the land exploitative intensity in the north is higher than that in the south. Compared to the intensity of land resource exploitation in the 20 km and 10 km buffers, the land exploitative intensity in the 5 km buffer is higher. The state of the intensity of land resource exploitation and how it can be used by stakeholders to manage coastal resources are then discussed.

Scenario analysis of land use change in Kabul River Basin – A river basin with rapid socio-economic changes in Afghanistan

Land use management has a great importance in socio-economic development of countries and regions. Recently, Afghanistan has, at one hand, experienced significant socio-economic changes through political and economic transformation and, on the other hand it is considered amongst vulnerable countries to climate and other natural changes. For this, understanding the interactions between socio-economic and natural changes with land use change under different development scenarios is crucial for sustainable land use management. Present research took Kabul River Basin (KRB) as a case study area and used Dynamic of Land System (DLS) model to simulate land use/cover for the years of 2020 and 2030. For this purpose, various socio-economic and bio-physical datasets were prepared and then integrated into the model under three different scenarios i.e. baseline, economic development, and environmental protection. The results indicated a significant land use change under all three scenarios. Cultivated land, grassland and built-up area will significantly increase under all three scenarios; while forest area, water area and unused land will significantly decrease under the economic development and baseline scenarios. While in the environmental protections scenario, the forest area will considerably increase, however, water area still showed a decreasing trend but it will be lesser as compared to the other two scenarios. By considering the above degradations, particularly under baseline and economic scenarios, it is suggested that the government needs to develop overall land use planning in KRB to achieve a rational exploitation of land resources and we hoped that the results of this study will help to target management decisions on rational land uses and effective environment protections of KRB.

The Study on Eco-environmental Issue of Aral Sea from the Perspective of Sustainable Development of Silk Road Economic Belt

The Aral Sea crisis is the most prominent environmental problem in building Silk Road and Economic Belt, which is mainly induced by extensive exploitation of land resources in Aral Sea basin since the middle of last century. The upstream part of Amu Darya River, as the main water source of Aral Sea, is almost entirely located in Tajikistan, thus, the development and utilization of Tajikistan water resources affect the whole Aral Sea basin. The author puts forward oriented-development of green energy under the overall framework of co-building Silk Road and Economic Belt, developing small hydro-power and dam-free hydro-power stations, standardized implementation of agricultural modernization in Central Asia, through high efficiency and water saving agriculture to achieve “returning water to sea”, to reverse drying trend of Aral Sea, to renovate ecological environment, resulting in simultaneous implementation of agricultural production and Aral Sea governance, simultaneous achievement of agricultural harvest and ecological environment improvement of Aral Sea basin. The article makes a scientific proof of reality and feasibility regarding the proposed methods. Green ecological environment and stable social environment will contribute to the sustainable development of Green Silk Road and Economic belt.…

基于生态重要性和敏感性的西南山地生态安全格局构建——以云南省大理白族自治州为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于生态重要性和敏感性的西南山地生态安全格局构建——以云南省大理白族自治州为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201610112046 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（41271195） Building ecological security patterns in southwestern mountainous areas based on ecological importance and ecological sensitivity: A case study of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态安全格局构建是快速城市扩张背景下缓解生态保护和土地开发矛盾、保证区域生态安全的有效途径。源地和阻力面是生态安全格局构建的重要基础，当前阻力面构建多关注生态要素而忽视与区域典型生态问题相对应的生态过程表征。以西南山地地区——云南省大理白族自治州为研究区，选取生物资源保护、水资源安全和营养物质保持等生态系统服务评估生态重要性从而识别源地，基于地质灾害、土壤侵蚀、石漠化等生态敏感性构建生态阻力面，并运用最小累积阻力模型识别组团廊道和景观廊道，从而构建山地生态安全格局。研究表明，大理州生态安全源地总面积14416.64 km2，占全州土地总面积的50.93%；关键生态廊道分为组团廊道和景观廊道两类，分别长404.7 km和208.4 km，以"一轴三带"形式呈树状辐射分布。生态安全格局中的生态源地和廊道应成为低丘缓坡土地资源开发中的禁止开发区。生态重要性源地识别和生态敏感性阻力面分析方法可为生态安全格局构建提供新思路，研究结果对于大理州山地城镇建设的用地选择和空间扩张提供定量指引。 Abstract:Ecological security in cities is attracting greater and greater attention owing to rapid urban expansion. Therefore, building ecological security patterns based on city landscapes is extremely meaningful and necessary for reconciling conflict between ecosystem conservation and land resource exploitation. Ecological sources and ecological resistance surfaces are important to ecological security patterns. However, previous studies regarding ecological resistance surfaces have mainly concentrated on the representation of ecological elements rather than ecological processes. In the present study, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province was used as the case study area. Ecological source patches were identified via evaluation of ecosystem service importance applying three aspects, namely biological resource protection, water security, and nutrient preservation. Ecological resistance surfaces were also built according to ecological sensitivity analysis from three aspects, i.e., rock desertification, geological disaster, and soil erosion sensitivity. Key ecological corridors were determined via the Minimum Cumulative Resistance model. The results demonstrated that the area of ecological sources was approximately 14416.64 km2, with all of the ecological source areas accounting for 50.93% of the Dali Prefecture. The key ecological corridors were 613.1 km long, including 404.7 km of cluster corridors and 208.4 km of landscape corridors. These ecological corridors were distributed in a branch shape and radial pattern, which appeared as one axis and three belts. All ecological sources and corridors should be planned as exploitation-prohibited regions during development in this mountainous area. The analysis of ecological sources based on ecological service importance and ecological corridors based on ecological sensitivity provides a new method for the construction of regional ecological security patterns. The results can offer effective spatial layout guidance for low-slope hilly land development in mountainous areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献