Abstract
This review employs the DPSIR framework to synthesise evidence of climate and environmental change in Nigeria. The study identified population, political, social, economic, and technological dynamics as the major drivers of human activities with indicators being land-use, water-use, and energy-use dynamics. . Land-use and water-use, for example, which involve direct exploitation of land resources, result in landcover dynamics. The rate, extent, and magnitude of human activities are the proximate or direct factors that exert pressure on the environment, particularly loss of vegetation cover and thus CO 2 and other GHG sinks, whereas energy-use results in increased CO 2 and other GHG emissions. This double tragedy is a direct contributor to climate and environmental change. Total energy consumption has increased in Nigeria, where both spatial and temporal variations in air temperature distribution have been observed, with the trend revealing that mean temperature has shown a rise of about 1.2 o C along the coastal cities and 2 o C in extreme northern Nigeria. The observable state and trends of the Nigerian environment include an increase in temperature and an increase in extreme weather events. Droughts and desertification have persisted, as has the frequency, amount, duration, and intensity of rainfall, as well as changes in landuse/landcover. As a result, 70-80 percent of Nigeria's original forest has vanished. As the area of Lake Chad has shrunk, an increasing number of fauna (primates) and flora biodiversity are threatened or endangered. Crop and livestock productivity declines or is lost, as are rural livelihoods, infrastructure, tourist potentials, the agro-based manufacturing sector, the energy sector, and increased food insecurity. The current state and trend of climate and environmental change in Nigeria has prompted responses, mitigation, and adaptation in order to increase resilience, adaptive capacity, or reduce vulnerabilities and risk. Keywords: Climate change, Environmental change, Greenhouse gases, Flooding, Land cover DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-7-05 Publication date: July 31 st 2021
Highlights
Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant environmental issues confronting countries around the world, and many policymakers are gradually recognizing it as a top priority (Jalloh, 2013)
This study explores the main driving forces, environmental pressures, the state of the Nigerian environment in space and time, and the impacts these driving forces, environmental pressures, and the state of the climate and environment have inflicted on Nigerians through a thorough synthesis of indicators using the DPSIR system to bridge this gap
4.1 Driving forces of climate and environmental change in Nigeria 4.1.1 Population Dynamics In 2020, Nigeria's population was estimated to amount to 206 million individuals
Summary
Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant environmental issues confronting countries around the world, and many policymakers are gradually recognizing it as a top priority (Jalloh, 2013). According to Adesina and Odekunle (, n.d); Oladipo, (1993); and Ndabula et al (2013) reported that the impacts of climate change on Africa are much more extreme due to the economy's vulnerability to climate change and a lack of capacity to adapt. The following section provides context by describing Nigeria's physical and socioeconomic settings. This is followed by a section with information to help you understand the DPSIR framework and its applications. Comes the results section, which synthesized evidence of climate and environmental change using the DPSIR framework, followed by a conclusion
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