Land Registry Data Research Articles

Institutional investment in rental housing in the city of social housing

While scholarly and public attention on institutional investors in rental housing is considerable, studies that quantify the relevance of such actors are still rare. This article measures institutional investor ownership in a European city with one of the highest shares of social housing: Vienna, Austria. We present a novel approach to measure institutional investor ownership that combines land registry data with the international company database ORBIS and Vienna’s local housing register. This provides unique ownership data for the entire housing market at the property level. We measure the role of institutional investors in different rental tenures and further distinguish between direct and indirect property owners, between national, EU, and non-EU investors, and conduct a geographical analysis of investment hotspots. We make three broader contributions: First, we widen the geography of research on institutional investment by considering a highly regulated housing market context. Second, we demonstrate that a large social housing stock does not per se prevent a significant presence of institutional investors. Third, we introduce a method that may be used in other cases and contexts.

The position of the PPAT Deed in its function as a means of evidence and its registration contains juridical defects

Sale and purchase is an agreement that is made by an authentic deed made by a Land Deed Official (PPAT) which has perfect evidentiary power As an authentic deed, a PPAT deed must fulfil the procedures for making a PPAT deed as prescribed by law and other regulations. Making a PPAT deed must be made by an authorised official, namely a PPAT, because a PPAT deed made before a PPAT has a function as evidence and also as a condition for registration by a PPAT. The purpose of the research is to find out how the position of a PPAT deed made before a PPAT has evidentiary power as evidence for the parties and becomes a condition of registration of the deed if it contains juridical defects. The author conducts research with normative juridical research methods, descriptive analytical research typology, and qualitative data analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that the PPAT deed has two functions, namely as evidence of certain legal acts regarding land rights and as a registration tool for changes in land registration data. When there is a transfer of land rights, the function of the PPAT deed as a registration tool is completed and leaves the PPAT deed as evidence of legal acts. The function of the PPAT deed is that it must be a requirement so that the transfer of land rights can be registered at the land office in accordance with the regulations regarding land registration and the implications of the juridical defects of the PPAT deed in the Decision result in the legal actions carried out, namely the sale and purchase, having no legal effect, the Sale and Purchase Deed is considered never to have been born even though it has been registered before, it has implications for the land office which requires to restore land rights. because it was previously registered by the land office to return to what it was before the Sale and Purchase Deed was born.

Problematic Land Buying and Selling Transactions

Introduction: Land ownership has become a primary need, but in the process of land ownership there are still problems. Basically, the acquisition of land rights according to the Decree of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs Number 21 of Article 1 Point 1, the acquisition of land is carried out by transferring land rights or through the delivery of release of land rights followed by granting rights. But this activity is not carried out in its entirety so that it will cause problems in granting rights to the community. Purposes of the Research: This research was conducted in Sanahu Village, Elpaputih District, West Seram Regency. This village prioritizes and gives importance to matters relating to customary land. However, based on the dinamics of the community, transactions carried out by the community should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the legislation governing land registration in order to obtain legal certainty in the transactions carried out and aim for orderly administration in land sector. Methods of the Research: This research method is empirical juridical research that uses primary and secondary data. The legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials with questionnaire and interview methods, data collection techniques with literature studies and field studies. Data processing and analysis techniques use descriptive analytical data analysis by identifying, classifying, then analyzing and describing according to the hierarchy. Results of the Research: Based on have not carried out the first land the results of the interviews, it is known that some people in Sanahu village do not know about the sale and purchase practices that should be taken in order to obtain legal certainty from the sale and purchase transactions carried out. This should be done based on the provisions of Article 19 paragraph 2 of the UUPA, Article 37 of PP 24 of 1997 concerning land registration. As a result, in the event of problems related to previous land transactions, the community had to resolve themselves in a family manner, either without or with assistance from local officials. As a result, the people of Sanahu village have not carried out the initial registration and maintenance of land registration data properly. Because land administration is not orderly, if there are land issues in transactions carried out either by transferring rights or encumbering rights, there will be problems in the future and limit land owners in carriying out legal actions.

Analysis of land-use change in Mandrolisai 1860 to 2016: a case study from Sardinia (Italy)

ABSTRACT The focus on rural landscapes, already present in ‘Agenda 2000’, is reconfirmed for the CAP 2023–2027 (Green Deal). The CAP programmes have, however, often turned out to be generic and unsuited to the multifaceted reality of Mediterranean Europe, while FAO-GIAHS and UNESCO World Heritage programmes suit large territories. Both, as well as the CAP, support the conservation or renaturalisation of rural landscapes but cannot apply prescriptions at the planning stage. In Italy, the ‘Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape’ contains prescriptive measures that the regions must include in their Landscape Plan (RLP); the municipalities must then adopt Urban Plans in accordance with the RLP. In Sardinia, RLP has protected the coastal areas (49.6 per cent of the 24,000 km2 surface area of the island) since 2006 but does not provide detailed guidelines for inland areas. We therefore tested the methodology proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture for recovering Historic Rural Landscapes in a study area of 23.63 km2 located in the heart of the island (in Mandrolisai region), where the two rural villages of Atzara and Sorgono border a system of traditional vineyards. Comparison of the 1860–1880 Land Register data, images from the first (1954) and last air flight (2016) shows that the agro-silvo-pastoral system has not changed structurally. In 2016, 53 per cent of the analysed area retains the same land-use macrocategories as the 1954 aerial photographs. Despite wide fluctuations in some agricultural crops, the most characteristic ones tend to occupy the same places, e.g., 72 per cent of 2016 vineyards compared to 1954. The biggest changes have been the transformation of natural pastures into cork oak wooded pastures, due to the sustained demand for cork.

Applicability of spatial planning system package for the LADM Turkey country profile

AbstractSpatial planning plays a crucial role in shaping the future of urban development and land administration. While land registration information is necessary for spatial planning processes, it is also probable that changes in land registration data occur in line with spatial plan decisions. Development of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) Edition II It also aimed to extend its existing conceptual model with spatial plan data, considering the close connection between the two systems. The study aims to design a conceptual model for Turkey's spatial planning system within the LADM Turkey country profile context. This article researches the capability of the proposed conceptual model for representing spatial planning data with instance‐level diagrams and the implementation opportunities of a technical model. To demonstrate the functionality of the proposed model, the zoning status certificate, which contains spatial plan and land registration data and is provided to inform about the legal conditions before development, is chosen as the mission. The results show that the LADM Turkey country profile extended with spatial planning system data can represent spatial plan data and be implemented in a technical model to support land administration applications.

Policy Evaluation of the Land Registration System in Malang City

Purpose: This research aims to discover, explain, and analyze the phenomenon under investigation in-depth, which is related to the land publication system in Malang City. This research employs a qualitative approach and is conducted at the Malang City Land Office, involving various parties directly engaged in the land registration process. Theoretical Framework: Land registration plays an essential role in the social structure, with various countries adopting different registration systems, such as positive and negative publication systems. The positive system establishes land registry data as incontrovertible evidence, providing legal protection even if the data may not be accurate, while the negative system, practiced in Indonesia, does not guarantee absolute legal protection by the government to landowners (Chekole et al., 2020; El-Hallaq & Eid, 2020; Rubasinghe, 2010; Van der Molen & Tuladhar, 2006). Method: Primary data is obtained through interviews with various informants, including Land Office employees, legal practitioners, community leaders, and the general public. Secondary data is derived from documents, ministerial regulations, government regulations, as well as archives of the Malang City Land Office, accessible both offline and online. Data collection involves the researcher, interview guidelines, and other supporting tools. Result: The research findings indicate that the policy evaluation of the land publication system aims to achieve legal certainty, which has not been fully realized. Conclusion: The main issues include disputes over land ownership between land buyers and original landowners. Furthermore, the implementation of programs and activities within the land publication system has not reached its full potential. The current land publication system requires evaluation, focusing on effectiveness, efficiency, sufficiency, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. There is insufficient legal protection for land certificate holders, leading to recurring agrarian conflicts every year. Additionally, in this positive-leaning negative publication system, certificates possess only relative strength, rather than absolute authority.

Environmental impacts of renting rangelands: integrating remote sensing and household surveys at the parcel level

Land rental markets are growing worldwide and facilitate efficient utilization of land. However, the short duration of occupancy and limited property rights mean that rental contracts may discourage longer-term sustainable land management. Direct investigation into the relationship between land tenure and ecological outcomes has been hampered by scale-appropriate data on land tenure, resource management, and land outcomes. In this paper, we address these issues with a study design that combines participatory mapping, household surveys, and remote sensing. We analyzed these data in a multilevel statistical model, controlling for environmental and land management influences. Our results show that rented land parcels are associated with worse rangeland outcomes compared to privately held parcels. This study contributes to the literature by documenting important empirical effects of rental markets and presenting a replicable workflow for integrating earth observations and micro-level survey data, which can be adopted by researchers and practitioners in regions where land registry data is unavailable or inaccessible. The results have important implications for incentive and compensatory-based environmental policy.

Process decomposition of expanded rural housing at the rural–urban fringe: evidence from 27,034 buildings in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China

PurposeFaced with the challenges of rural population decline, combined with the widespread expansion of homesteads in rural areas, local Chinese governments hope to strictly control and minimize rural housing land. Accurately decomposing the process of rural housing expansion and revealing its driving factors will be helpful for land-use regulation by the government.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, an unusually rich dataset of rural housing registration from Pudong New Area in Shanghai is employed. The study aimed to decompose the fragmented accumulation process and its expansion determinants on rural housing assets. The dataset covers all samples of rural households and housing plots at 72 surveyed villages in six towns.FindingsHousing offers profitable capital and earning assets to villagers at the urban fringe, so they have a powerful incentive to build and expand more. The results of this analysis showed that the expansion of rural housing is largely due to the haphazard construction of auxiliary rooms by villagers, especially on plots of arable land that are adjacent to their houses that have been stealthily converted into auxiliary rooms and sheds. Low costs and weak penalties have led to an increase in rent-seeking expansions to rural houses. Houses with the smaller initial areas, families with more laborers and household heads, and the proximity of villages to downtown with convenient living services were the main driving factors for expanding houses. A concerted effort is needed to control the disorganized and unlicensed expansion of housing. This effort should include formulating areas for free use by villagers, high taxes on overused areas, serious penalties for unlicensed housing expansion and effective land-use planning.Research limitations/implicationsAn understanding of the expansion status and control measures related to rural houses in Shanghai provides an important reference that can help to guide the formulation of rural housing policies, and the sustainable development of cities worldwide. Of course, this study cannot generalize about housing distribution and expansion status worldwide based on the study area in China, because China's land tenure policies are unique. But land registry data exists that makes research like this feasible. There is a need to carefully examine the detailed housing distribution in each country before it can be decided on how best to address the disorderly increase in rural housing stock, and promote the reduction of rural residential expansion.Originality/valueFirst, the process of rural housing expansion by using an unique dataset which covers ten thousands of samples is revealed. Second, the results have policy implications for reducing the amount of idle and inefficiently rural homestead. The focus is on rural housing growth and its driving factors in Shanghai, and the villagers' motivations for housing expansion are explored.

Mapping of Pre-World War II Remains Using the National Land Register Data from the Ministry of Justice: A Case of the Former Waterworks of Kure City in Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture

Mapping of Pre-World War II Remains Using the National Land Register Data from the Ministry of Justice: A Case of the Former Waterworks of Kure City in Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture

KEPASTIAN HUKUM PENDAFTARAN HAK TANGGUNGAN BERDASARKAN PERATURAN MENTERI AGRARIA DAN TATA RUANG/KEPALA BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL 5 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG PELAYANAN HAK TANGGGUNGAN TERINTEGRASI SECARA ELEKTRONIK

Mortgage registration is a procedure and requirement that must be passed by the registrant until it is realized by the issuance of a mortgage certificate. The problem of this research is how is the legal certainty of electronic mortgage registration based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2020 concerning Electronically Integrated Mortgage Services. Electronically Integrated Mortgage Services called the HT-El System is a service process mortgage rights in the context of maintaining land registration data organized through an integrated electronic system. The legal certainty of Electronic Mortgage registration based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning / Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2020 concerning Electronic Integrated Mortgage Services guarantees legal certainty for both Mortgage Providers, Mortgage Recipients and third parties. The implementation follows the rules in the implementation of electronic mortgage registration in accordance with the provisions of Article 10 regarding the role of land certificate making officials (PPAT) in the electronic mortgage registration process, for the sake of the integrity and authenticity of electronic documents, the mortgage certificate issued by the electronic mortgage system is marked electronic hand used as a means of verification and authentication. Of course, legal certainty is guaranteed for all parties, both the official for making land deeds (PPAT), and the Agrarian and Spatial Planning Office/National Land Agency.

Public land for urban food policy? A critical data-analysis of public land transactions in the Ghent city region (Belgium)

ABSTRACT The development of urban food policies has shed light on the strategic role of public landownership for strengthening farmers capacities in the context of rising land values. Despite attention on a few pioneering farming initiatives promoted by local authorities on public farmland, however, there is often little understanding of the extent of public landownership and the modus operandi of public institutions within urban land markets. This makes it hard to assess how representative these ‘pioneering’ projects are and whether or not they are embedded in coherent urban agendas. The city region of Ghent (Belgium) offers an exemplary case: internationally celebrated for its innovative urban food policy, its administration is at the centre of controversies with farmers and grassroots movements who denounced the large-scale sell-off of historical public farmland in the city region. Using Belgian Land Registry data, this paper constructs a unique, empirically grounded, cartography of public landownership and public land transaction for the Ghent city region. The results expose deep contradictions in public policy and demonstrate the continuation of an urbanism disconnected from agricultural concerns. They also provide tools for reshaping the management of public land aligned to urban food policy goals, in and beyond the Ghent city region.

Accelerating housing inequality: property investors and the changing structure of property ownership in Luxembourg

This paper tracks the arrival of investors in the housing market of Dudelange, Luxembourg. In so doing, it focuses on the socio-economic changes accompanying the transformation of homes into assets, since the first apartment was built in the city in the mid-1960s until 2018. Drawing on complete land registry data, we chart the structure of apartment ownership in the context of the city’s transition from an industrial to a financialised economy, with particular attention to three characteristics of buyers: age at purchase, country of birth and occupation. We investigate how homeowner characteristics have shifted over time in a context where housing policies have incentivised investor activity and demand. We highlight how three policies put in place in the early 2000s to encourage real estate investments seem to have strengthened the position of the group already most advantaged on the Luxembourg housing market: those born in Luxembourg and over 45 years of age. Given that this group has on average the highest median incomes and the highest homeownership rates, we argue that these policies that incentivised property investments are likely to have accelerated housing (and wider) inequalities in an overheated housing market.

Gender Analysis of Landholding and Situation of Female-Headed Households after Land Registration: The Case of Machakel Woreda

Well-implemented and functioning land administration systems are able to improve the wellbeing of rural households and support the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. As cadastral data are an essential part of a modern land administration system for documenting and securing the boundaries of parcels, Ethiopia recently embarked on one of the largest land surveying programs for rural land registration in Africa. Cadastral and land registration data provided by the land administration office of the woreda were analyzed using a Geographical Information System to investigate whether parcels of female-headed households were disadvantaged compared to parcels of male-headed households with regard to parcel size, parcel features, and access to infrastructure. In addition, the situation of female-headed households after the land registration process was analyzed in more detail. To this aim, quantitative and qualitative data were collected in the Ethiopian Machakel woreda through a household survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The results document no significant gender discrepancies in parcel features and access to infrastructures. In general, women confirmed an improvement in the wellbeing of female-headed households after the land registration and certification process.

Analiza prikaza grobalja naselja Lupac i Preočica u Vitezu na katastarskim planovima starog i novog premjera

Real estate data have various applicationis in society, and they are collected during the geodetic survey. The survey involves a comprehensive process of collecting graphical and descriptive data about real estate. The first survey of the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was carried out by the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. It was made after the Berlin Congress, which was a big turning point in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The survey began in 1880 and ended in 1884. Thus, geodesy gained a significant place in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The survey was carried out according to the Instruction for Cadastral Survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina issued in 1880 by the Military Geographical Institute in Vienna (German: Militärgeographischen Institut Wien - MGI), and today it is called the old survey. During the survey, numerous data on cadastral parcels were collected: their spatial position, name, land use, possessor or owner, etc. The data were, in accordance with the laws and bylaws in force during the Austro-Hungarian occupation, processed and put into use as the official results of the survey. The results of this survey are cadastral plans, cadastral register as well as land property register. It is important to emphasize that the results of the first systematic survey of the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina are significant historical sources today. They can be used as historical sources, not only for analyzing the history of the geodetic profession, but also as sources for a detailed analysis of many events in Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the end of the Second World War, a new survey began on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During this survey, the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was not surveyed. The results of this survey are cadastral plans, cadastral register of the land cadaster and cadastral register of the cadaster of real estate. Nowadays, the data of the new survey are becoming the data of the land property register. The comprehensiveness of the surveys is reflected in the collection of geodetic data about cemeteries. Subsequently, the survey data have a historical character and historical cartography occupies an important place among historical sources. During the survey of the area of Lupac and Preočica, data were collected on the cemeteries located within these settlements. The collected data were processed and entered into registers established after the completion of the survey. During the preparation of cadastral plans of the old and new survey, their topography is prescribed, ie the planned topographic map symbols are drawn. The plans of the old survey were topographed in accordance with the Instruction for Cadastral Survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which contains a template - a catalog of topographic symbols. The plans of the new survey were topographed according to the topographic key - the collection of topographic symbols. Topographic symbols on cadastral plans were used to analyze the depiction of the cemetery in this paper. Cadastral plans of the old and new surveys were used to analyze the spatial position of the cemetery. Data from the cadastral record were used to analyze the state of possessory of the analyzed cemeteries, and data from the land property register were used to analyze the ownership of the surveyed cemeteries. The previously mentioned data were studied in the paper in order to analyze the positions, topography as well as cadastral and land registry data of the Lupac and Preočica cemeteries, located in the Vitez municipality. The existence of a cemetery on the ground is completely defined by the existence of gravestones. Most of the analyzed cemeteries are Muslim, and various Muslim tombstones - nišan - were observed during field research. In order to complete the research, a sample of a certain number of muslim gravestones were analyzed. Muslim gravestones were created in different time periods, so they are characterized by several different features. The analysis of the muslim gravestones was primarily reflected in the analysis of epigraphy.

KAJIAN TEORITIS TERHADAP TUGAS PEJABAT PEMBUAT AKTA TANAH DIKAITKAN DENGAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 24 TAHUN 1997 TENTANG PENDAFTARAN TANAH DAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 37 TAHUN 1998 TENTANG PERATURAN JABATAN PEJABAT PEMBUAT AKTA TANAH

Registration of land is a State obligation undertaken by the Head of the District Land Office/Cityassisted by PPAT, as mandated in Government Regulation number 24 of 1997 on Land Registrationand Government Regulation number 37 of 1998 on the Regulation of the Land Deed Officer Position.In this case I raised the issue of limiting factors in implementing the tasks PPAT associated withGovernment Regulation, as well as the implementation of the tasks PPAT in implementing landregistration data and guidance PPAT by Tangerang District Land Office. The method used is by usingempirical juridical approach to the specification of descriptive analytical research. Based on theresearch results can be given some conclusions that inhibiting factors in implementing the tasks PPATin supporting the maintenance activities of land registration data that there are still assignee is onlyintended to get a deed made by PPAT and is not intended to register their rights; so that the filesubmitted to the Land Office is not yet complete, and the result can not be implemented juridical datachanges. Keywords: Duty of PPAT, Land Registration Data

IMPLIKASI HUKUM PENGECEKAN SERTIFIKAT SECARA ONLINE TERHADAP PPAT

Land Deed Maker Officials are public officials and extensions of BPN authorized by the government to make authentic deeds regarding all legal actions regarding land rights and property rights to flat units. So before PPAT makes a deed of sale and purchase of land, PPAT is obliged to conduct an examination of the original certificate of the land to the Land Office before making a deed of sale and purchase of land because this is a requirement for making a deed of sale and purchase of land. The deed made by PPAT is one of the data sources for the maintenance of land registration data. This is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of State for Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Provisions for the Implementation of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration Article 97, this regulation was made to implement PP RI No. 3 of 1997. However, not all PPATs do this. that matter. In Indonesia there are still PPATs that do not check and check the original land certificates. This is because there are several obstacles faced by PPAT in checking and this does not close the implementation of PPAT's responsibility in checking land certificates before making the deed of sale and purchase of land. Checking land certificates online is not only faster and easier, there are also risks, including system errors, certificates that turn out to be fake, certificates that turn out to be double. This risk also has the potential to become a problem, both criminal and civil, for both PPAT and BPN.

Juridical Theoretical Study Of Granting And Abolition Services Of Encumbrance Rights That Eletronically Integrated

This study aims to examine and analyze the existence of an obligation that every granting and abolition of Encumbrance Rights (roya') must be registered, to examine and analyze the synchronization of legal arrangements for the implementation of registration of granting and abolition of Encumbrance Rights according to UUHT with the Ministry regulation of Agrarian Affairs & ATR Number 9 of 2019, As well as to study and analyze the legal consequences if the granting and abolition of Encumbrance Rights is not registered electronically. This type of research is normative legal research, with the approach method being a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and analytical approach. The results of the research are: 1) that each grant and abolition (roya) of the Encumbrance right must be registered, in accordance with the provisions that the granting and abolition of the Encumbrance must be registered as an absolute requirement and as a fulfillment of the publicity principle in the Law of Encumbrance Right. 2) In the Minister of Agrarian Affairs ATR BPN Number 19 of 2019 there are parts that are not in sync with the Law of Encumbrance Right, electronic documents that are not known in the UUHT and Roya can also be implemented without an agreement that these conditions are not in accordance with the provisions in the UUHT . 3) Legal Consequences If the granting of Encumbrance Rights is not registered, then in the provisions of the Encumbrance Right, the Encumbrance is never born/never existed. If the Encumbrance waranty is never born, then the creditor is not located as a priority creditor (separatist creditor) to get the debtor's debt to be repaid. Likewise, in the abolition of Encumbrance Right (roya), if it is not registered, the Encumbrance Right is considered to have never been erased, so that the waranty remains in the control of the creditor, and the loan agreement or principal agreement has not been paid off and ended. While for the Abolition Process (Roya) of Encumbrance Right as Maintenance of Land Registration Data, if the Encumbrance right certificate has been crossed out, then the land title certificate which is used as waranty for the Encumbrance will be returned to the debtor, while the Encumbrance Right certificate is withdrawn by the Land Office and declared no valid again, as well as the land books of Encumbrance Right is declared no longer valid.

Procedural Urban Forestry

The placement of vegetation plays a central role in the realism of virtual scenes. We introduce procedural placement models (PPMs) for vegetation in urban layouts. PPMs are environmentally sensitive to city geometry and allow identifying plausible plant positions based on structural and functional zones in an urban layout. PPMs can either be directly used by defining their parameters or learned from satellite images and land register data. This allows us to populate urban landscapes with complex 3D vegetation and enhance existing approaches for generating urban landscapes. Our framework’s effectiveness is shown through examples of large-scale city scenes and close-ups of individually grown tree models. We validate the results generated with our framework with a perceptual user study and its usability based on urban scene design sessions with expert users.

Responsibilities of PPATs who are Late in Registering Deeds Has Been Made to the Office of the National Land Agency

PPAT services as an authorized position are very useful for certain people, especially for people who do not understand the law. Some people who do not understand the law feel unable to handle the legal problems they face, given the limited data around the law. For quick access to PPAT-related matters, the national office must issue a receipt for submitting a registration application, for example, a deed from the PPAT and submit the file to the appropriate PPAT. This responsibility not only affects the progress of understanding or compliance with the law, but also considers the greater legal impact on PPAT's thoughts or behavior, both positive and negative. Because of the importance of evidence as a way of affirmation that can provide legal certainty and guarantee to the right holder, the making of a deed of transfer of land rights as a reason to follow land registration data through the sale and purchase of land rights must be in accordance with the timeframe previously specified in Article 40 paragraph (1) Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration.

OVERLAPPING FOR LAND OWNERSHIP RIGHTS: ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION BY OMBUDSMAN

The research aims to find out the implementation of the function of ombudsman in resolving overlapping disputes for land ownership rights. It is a socio-juridical research, a combination of normative and empirical research. It was conducted in Tanjung Selor subdistrict, Bulungan district, North Kalimantan. The results of research indicated that the overlapping of land rights was caused by the consequent non-enactment of the law, unclear land boundaries, the ease of making Land Ownership Statement, and development. The measures that have been taken by the Ombudsman of North Kalimantan are written clarifications, field investigations, summons, issuance of the final audit report, and monitoring. Therefore, in resolving the overlapping dispute based on these rights, the ombudsman does not undertake a litigation or non-litigation resolution because the final product of the resolution made by the ombudsman is only a recommendation, and now the case of overlapping land rights has only just at monitoring stage. For this reason, an active role from the government is needed to conduct socialization related to land registration, so that the government community will always work together to keep land registration data up to date.