Land Readjustment Projects Research Articles

Geosimulation model using geographic automata for simulating land-use patterns in urban partitions

Cellular automata (CA) are an effective means of urban-growth simulation. Moreover, the development of a planning support system associated with the theory of artificial intelligence has recently become a new global challenge. In this paper we investigate a geosimulation model using CA based on the geographic information system (GIS) for visualising land-use patterns in urban partitions. Most recent simulation models using CA have been developed in regular grid nets or networks, where adjacent grids or networks in urban space are easily addressed. Our project explores how to utilise an irregular polygon dataset in a GIS database in order to deal with spatial microsimulation. A new concept used in this project takes into account the effects of urban planning, such as land-use zoning and street networks, at the level of parcels and blocks in urban space. Adjacent irregular parcels on both sides of a street are intended targets in the simulation. In this paper, a method of simulating land-use patterns in urban space after the implementation of land-readjustment projects is discussed.

Mitsui Mining to manufacture auto-cats in India

Land Readjustment (LR) is a land development technique used in many countries around the world including Germany, Sweden, Japan, Taiwan and Korea. In essence it is a method whereby an irregular pattern of agricultural land holdings is re-arranged into regular building plots and equipped with basic urban infrastructure such as roads and drains. A percentage of each landowner’s holding is contributed to provide land for roads and parks, and for some plots to sell to pay the costs of the project. Its use has been particularly widespread in Japan where it is responsible for some 30% of the existing urban area, and is commonly referred to as ‘The Mother of City Planning’ (Toshi Keikaku no Haha). LR has for 20 years also been the focus of an international effort to introduce the technique to the developing countries of South East Asia. Although there is now a large literature on Japanese LR as a result of that project, however, virtually all of that literature focusses on practical aspects of how to implement projects, and on case studies of individual projects. Little attention has been paid to the role of LR in Japanese urban growth and urban planning at a city or regional scale, although such an examination is necessary to understanding LR in Japan, and Japanese urbanisation and urban planning more generally. The present research examines the role of LR in shaping patterns of urban development in the rapidly growing northern suburbs of Tokyo in Saitama prefecture. In particular, the claim commonly made by Japanese writers that LR prevents urban sprawl is examined. Sprawl and its prevention have long been a preoccupation of both Western and Japanese urban planners for aesthetic and efficiency reasons. However, it has recently gained importance as the critical interconnections between urban form and urban travel patterns, and greenhouse gas emissions and global warming have become more widely recognised. The case studies examine the role of LR in land development and urban growth at the regional scale (Saitama prefecture) and at the local scale (Urawa, Omiya and Ageo cities). GIS mapping and analysis of the case study areas, and interviews with planners and participants are used to examine the role and impacts of LR projects in suburban land development in Japan. The research suggests that while there are various impacts of LR projects because they are so widely used, in a range of different contexts, it is fair to say that LR projects contribute to increased sprawl at the regional scale, while largely failing to prevent it at the local scale.

Study on the Land Readjustment Project for the Devastatingly Affected Areas by Ground Disaster in the Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake

Study on the Land Readjustment Project for the Devastatingly Affected Areas by Ground Disaster in the Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake

ウォーターフロントにおける土地区画整理事業の整備要件に関する研究 : 臨港地区における港湾再編事業を対象として

The number of low unused ground increases along with the revolution of the industrial establishment though the waterfront in our country has been used as a space that fills the port function. It can be said that the land readjustment project is waterfront development and exists in an important location because such a situation is based, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has given low unused ground in the seaside part as a region where the land readjustment project is emphatically used. However, the land readjustment project in the waterfront is thought that the maintenance technique only of the waterfront is necessary in land use and forming from an environment it different from the inland of adjacent to a vast sea area the spectacle. Then, maintenance that was able to enjoy the charm of the waterfront was led to become possible because it maintained the road without obstructing the view to the investigation of the maintenance requirement for the land readjustment project in the waterfront, the arrangement of the park and the green tract of land in the waterside, and seas in this research.

横浜市美しが丘における歩行者専用道路の計画と土地利用の変容

It is important for city planning in the future to maintain a residental area that have good living environment developed intentionally. Utsukushigaoka introduced pedestrian road in land readjustment project before public sector and it led to maintenance of the law. The purpose of this study is to clarify how pedestrian road of Utsukushigaoka planned, and how it changed.

CAを用いたミクロな宅地用途シミュレーションモデルの開発と適用

In this paper, a simulation system using CA is suggested in order to visualize land use patterns in a built-up area after development. A land use simulation system using CA is usually developed in a regular grid net or a network, where the spatial relationship of the adjacent grids or network is easily dealt with. A new concept in this project is the exploration of how to deal with spatial micro simulation in land use patterns of plots in blocks while considering the influence of the road network. Irregular adjacent plots in blocks and relevant plots on the other side of the road network are the intended simulation targets. In this paper, a prototype simulator is discussed regarding how to simulate land use patterns after land readjustment projects. In order to examine the effects of the simulation system, we chose one study area in Kanazawa city. However, the simulation of households, energy expenditure and traffic volumes based on land use pattern is left as our further research, in which households, energy expenditure and traffic volumes can be calculated according to statistical indicators of the Ishikawa province and National Statistics office.

On the Kanto Great Earthquake Rehabilitation Land Readjustment Projects for Railway Site

On the Kanto Great Earthquake Rehabilitation Land Readjustment Projects for Railway Site

On the Kanto Great Earthquake Rehabilitation Land Readjustment Projects for Railway Site

On the Kanto Great Earthquake Rehabilitation Land Readjustment Projects for Railway Site

A Study on the Effect of Small Scale Land Readjustment Projects by Private Sectors

A Study on the Effect of Small Scale Land Readjustment Projects by Private Sectors

市街地復興事業による空間再編システムと近隣関係の変化に関する研究 : 阪神・淡路大震災における御菅地区の事例を通して

This study aims to clarify the change of human relation in the nighbourhood by the space restructuring system thorough the earthquake disaster rehabilitation land readjustment project. We made a questionnaire survey on the residents at the Misuga district, Kobe City where the project was enforced. Clarified points are as follows: 1) Changes made by spatial restructuring through urban area reconstruction project have several levels, some households being affected significantly while others aren't. 2) Significantly influenced households are more likely to lose the relationships they had with their neighbors before the earthquake. 3) They lose relationships with their neighbors because of the changes in housing types and the distance between domiciles. By losing the relationships with neighbors, residents go out less frequently, and they tend to "shut-in". 4) They are mainly small households. Many of them used to have relationships with neighbors who have different types of households.

A Study on the Effect of Small Scale Land Readjustment Projects by Private Sectors

A Study on the Effect of Small Scale Land Readjustment Projects by Private Sectors

復興土地区画整理事業による市街地空間の再編とその評価に関する研究 : 阪神・淡路大震災における御菅地区の事例を通して

This study aims to evaluate the earthquake disaster rehabilitation land readjustment project through the conscious of the residents. We made a questionnaire survey on the residents at the Misuga district, Kobe City where the project was enforced. Clarified points are as follows: 1) Residents' evaluation corresponds to level that people put their lives back in order. 2) There are three significant factors which impede putting residents' lives back in order; infrastructure redevelopment, uniformity of land use and collapse of neighbourly ties. 3)Collapse of neighborly ties gave negative impacts on majority of the residents in the area, on the other hand redevelopment of infrastructure and uniformity of land use gave greater impacts on the residents who less putted their lives back. 4) Redevelopment of infrastructure has formed the space that social contacts hardly occurred and then obstructed to rebuild neighbourly ties. 5) The process of uniformity of land use has broken up mutual assistance which used to exist among independent enterprisers and between residents and independent enterprisers in the area.

The Municipality Investments and Supports for Co-operative Land Readjustment Projects

The Municipality Investments and Supports for Co-operative Land Readjustment Projects

Redevelopment of the Central Area of Matsumoto City

During the last two decades, the redevelopment of the central area has become a common policy issue in local cities. This paper discusses the mechanism of the redevelopment of the central area of local cities from three perspectives: institutional environment, urban politics, and small retailers' strategy. The case study draws on the redevelopment of the central area of Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, which consists of a land readjustment project implemented with a large amount of public investment. The mechanism of the redevelopment in Matsumoto is outlined as follows. In the early 1980s, the administration of the city and the association of small retailers in Matsumoto coordinated to promote the redevelopment of the central area. The redevelopment, however, made little substantial progress through the 1980s. One explanation for this is that the central government reduced specific subsidies to local governments during this period. Another explanation is that individual small retailers in the central area were oriented toward maintaining the conventional business environment. The deregulation of the Large-scale Retail Store Act in the late 1980s marked the turning point in redevelopment of the central area. With the rapid penetration of large-scale retail stores in the suburbs and the advent of a new mayor who adopted developmentalism as his policy, the administration preferentially invested in redevelopment which was justified by the political slogan “;city growth, ” and enhanced the promotion of redevelopment in collaboration with several local organizations. While the promotion of redevelopment would bring great benefits to small retailers, they did not necessarily collaborate with the administration and adopted various strategies to earn their living. Their strategies generally fall into three categories: 1) withdrawing from the central area because of soaring property taxes and a diminished sense of community; 2) remaining in the central area by converting into a tenant owner; and 3) advancing into the central area with the increasing supply of commercial properties. Consequently, the diversification of small retailers' strategy encouraged the prompt implementation of land readjustment and the administration-ledredevelopment.

The Municipality Investments and Supports for Co-operative Land Readjustment Projects

The Municipality Investments and Supports for Co-operative Land Readjustment Projects

A method for shortening total period of temporary housings in land readjustment project and its practicability

Land readjustment projects in densely built-up area are often prolonged by relocations of many buildings. To prevent the prolongation, buildings are pulled down and newly built at another site. However, in such cases, many building owners have to live in temporary houses and this raises project costs.This paper aims to develop a method to reduce total temporary housing period and cost by shortening free floats and total floats of network scheduling method.Main results are as follows:1) The result of application to a model project shows the validity of proposed method which shorten the free floats between building removal and the end of temporary housing.2) The proposed method reduced about 5%-20% of temporary housing periods and costs in three practical projects.3) It can be said that the proposed method is effective for reducing project cost and for consensus-building.

On the Relation between the Financial Plan of Land Readjustment Project and the Implementation Body

On the Relation between the Financial Plan of Land Readjustment Project and the Implementation Body

On the Relation between the Financial Plan of Land Readjustment Project and the Implementation Body

On the Relation between the Financial Plan of Land Readjustment Project and the Implementation Body

The commodification of land and housing: the case of South Korea

The developmentalist state in South East Asia has played an important role in guiding and promoting economic growth. Although an implicit theme of much of the discourse is the role of the state in controlling the factors of production, this is not located within the decommodification/commodification debate. Proceeding from the premise that underlies much of economic theory, namely that land values at a time reflect the residual (or surplus) of economic activity that requires land as a factor input, the purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which the Korean state has managed the commodification of urban development and the distributional effects of this process. In spite of private land ownership the state has had a major impact on the processes by which land has become commodified, using extensive land expropriation and land‐use planning powers. The Korean state used different strategies to manage trends to commodification at different times: land readjustment projects were used from the 1950s to the 1970s and Public Management Development projects were the main mechanism of urban development from the 1980s. The urban development system was feasible because of the state's extensive control over access to housing finance (decommodified money). In the mid‐1990s there was a shift towards greater private sector involvement in urban development. The distributional effects of the urban development process have been highly inequitable. Subsidised home ownership for middle‐income families has been favoured over provision of public rental housing for low‐income families, driven in major part by cash flow considerations of the developmentalist state. Further, the basis of selecting beneficiaries has been very arbitrary. The system has promoted significant land concentration and land speculation particularly by private companies, including the large chaebol (corporations).

Development Policy of Residential Areas in Matsumoto City and the Roles of Agricultural Cooperatives

Since the City Planning Act in 1968, residential land use has been one of the most important policy issues in many city governments. Under these circumstances, especially in local cities, agricultural cooperatives have been expected to play a role in orderly land use. This paper aims to clarify the roles of the agricultural cooperative in the development policy of a local city by analyzing the policy process that occurred during residential development in Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture. The policy process is outlined as follows. 1) Agenda setting In the early 1980s, the administration of the city was under fiscal restraints because of public investments, with disorderly developments in urbanization control areas. On the other hand, the administration was concerned about the population drain to nearby cities owing to the controlled development. As a result, the administration decided to expand urbanization promotion areas and to fix the residential population there. 2) Policy decision A consensus among the farmers of the affected vicinities had to be established before expanding urbanization promotion areas. As a policy response for this agenda, in 1984 the administration established the Workshop of Regional Development to collaborate with the agricultural cooperative (JA Matsumoto Highland and JA Matsumoto City) as a farmers' interest group. The Regional Development Workshop promoted land readjustment projects in new urbanization promotion areas. 3) Policy implementation In land readjustment projects, the agricultural cooperative was proactive in playing the role of coordinator between farmers and the administration and was successful in establishing a consensus among farmers. Consequently, the roles of the agricultural cooperative were indispensable for the administration to carry out its policy. Meanwhile, the agricultural cooperative was not only the coordinator but also an actor in the private sector which pursued development benefits from real estate deals and fund operations. These land readjustment projects were agreed upon between the administration and the agricultural cooperative. As a result of the policy process, residential development in Matsumoto City advanced steadily after the mid-1980s. The Workshop of Regional Development institutionally maintained the roles of the agricultural cooperative and worked to achieve this growth.