Land Port Research Articles

Study on land port path optimization based on improved genetic algorithm

In the face of the development of supply chain globalization, Whether it is the choice of goods clearance or transportation mode, the establishment of land waterless port for product transportation, rapid customs clearance, convenient enterprises have a great role. Based on the analysis of the present situation and existing problems of land ports in China, the paper uses improved genetic algorithm to optimize the previous transportation paths. This paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of waterless ports in China so as to optimize the previous transportation paths by using improved genetic algorithm. Through continuous iterative optimization, the collection paths are shortened and the no-load rate is reduced, so as to make full and reasonable use of transport vehicles, provide better service for enterprises and reduce more costs for waterless ports.

Calibration methodology for microscopic traffic simulation models of land ports of entry along the US–Mexico border

Non-commercial Land Ports of Entry (LPOEs) are unique transportation facilities controlling the ingress and egress of passenger vehicles from Mexico to the United States and vice versa. The calibration of microscopic traffic simulation models of non-commercial LPOEs requires a deep understanding of operational processes and driving behavior at these facilities. This paper provides a methodology to guide modelers in calibrating microscopic traffic simulation models of non-commercial LPOEs. The methodology establishes a common framework for modeling operational processes and traffic operations. Moreover, the methodology includes the value of four state variables that characterizes operations of passenger vehicles at non-commercial LPOEs. These variables are speed, acceleration, deceleration, and headway. The authors evaluated this methodology using the Otay Mesa non-commercial LPOE as a case study. Results showed that this methodology could be potentially used to model non-commercial LPOEs along the US–Mexico border and other border regions worldwide.

Transborder (in)securities: transborder commuters’ perceptions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection policing at the Mexico–U.S. border

ABSTRACT Transborder commuters are a heterogeneous population that includes U.S. citizens, lawful permanent residents, and Mexican nationals who have the legal documentation to cross the Mexico–U.S. border regularly for a variety of reasons. However, in order to engage in transborder mobility, transborder commuters must navigate land ports of entry and undergo extensive scrutiny from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers, who are afforded ample discretion to conduct their day-to-day policing operations. What factors explain the variation in transborder commuter's perceptions of border policing and border crossing experiences? How do negative border crossing experiences impact transborder commuters overall political engagement and feelings of exclusion from U.S. society? Drawing from an original face-to-face survey administered to pedestrian transborder commuters at the Tijuana-San Ysidro and the Ciudad Juarez-El Paso ports of entry, I find that individuals with the highest social status are more likely to report more negative perceptions of border policing practices. Second, individuals who hold the most negative views of their border-crossing experiences become incentivized to become politically engaged, but report feeling greater exclusion from U.S. society.

SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemics: The lack of critical reflection addressing short‐ and long‐term challenges

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APPLICATION OF GOOGLE EARTH IMAGE INFORMATION FOR IDENTIFY PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF NORTHEASTERN BOUNDARY OF BANGLADESH ALIGNED WITH MEGHALAYA, EASTERN ASSAM AND TRIPURA

A frontier has a significant role of national boundary and security which is discussable matter for any country. Bangladesh and India share international border which is the fifth-longest land border in the world. In the Indian part, Assam, Tripura, Mizoram, Meghalaya, and West Bengal on the other hand Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet and Chattagram (Chittagong) are the Divisions of Bangladeshi. The purpose of this research is to identify the physical and cultural features along the border area. Google Earth images are used to identify and quantify different features of the study area with help of Geographical Information System (GIS). GIS techniques are also used to calculate the area of different features. Using Google Earth and GIS technique, research Physical features are tropical rain forest, river, pond, hilly areas, char land, waterfall etc., cultural features are settlement, road, homestead vegetation, agricultural land, fallow land, hat bazar, check post, land port, tourist spots etc. in the north eastern boundary which are located in the border area of India and Bangladesh along the Meghalaya frontier play significant role on local and national economy. For that this research play a vital role for developing physical and cultural environmental baseline information doing sustainable development activities in national development by economic development through tourism income, promoting concerned central place for business and creation of a wide range of jobs.

Shear Behaviors of the Intersurface between Rice Straw Rope and Dredger Fill Silt: Experimental and Mechanism Studies

The further development of land reclamation, port waterway, and wharf construction brings about proper treatments of dredger fill silt, while huge amounts of rice straw set aside in China argument rational disposal every year. Therefore, rice straw is bundled up as ropes, which represent as drainage body and reinforcement, to make eco-friendly treatment for dredger fill silt. This paper investigates the mechanical properties and validity of rice straw rope as certain treating material of dredger fill silt through a series of pull-out test, mass loss test, and tension test on specimens with different water contents and dry densities. The results reveal that peak value of interfacial shear strength rises with the increase of normal stress at the same immersion time, and in particular, it rises by up to 250.0% when the normal stress is 40 kPa. The tensile force of rice straw rope increases slowly with the rise of tensile displacement, and the failure mode changes from brittle to ductile with the rise of immersion time, which witnesses first rapid back slow degradation trend. The proper interfacial shear strength, tensile force, and reasonable degradation rate of rice straw rope make it ideal in drainage and consolidation of dredger fill silt.

Never Letting a Good Crisis Go to Waste: Canadian Interdiction of Asylum Seekers

This article examines two moments of crisis at Canada’s border with the United States: the aftermath of September 11th, 2001 (“9/11”) and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Canadian government leveraged both crises to offshore responsibilities for asylum seekers onto the United States. In the first case, Canada took advantage of U.S. preoccupations with border security shortly after 9/11 to persuade the United States to sign the Canada-U.S. Safe Third Country Agreement (“STCA”)—an agreement that allows Canada to direct back asylum seekers who present themselves at land ports of entry on the Canada-U.S. border. In the second case, Canada used heightened anxieties about international travel during the COVID-19 pandemic to persuade the United States to block irregular border crossings that asylum seekers were increasingly using to circumvent the STCA. After reviewing Canada’s successful use of thesemoments of crisis to persuade the United States to take on additional responsibilities for asylum seekers for whom Canada would have otherwise been responsible, the article discusses a recent Canadian Federal Court decision that may make all this political maneuvering moot. This decision found that Canada cannot send asylum seekers back to the United States without violating constitutional rights to life, liberty, and security of the person. Given past practice, however, we can expect the Canadian government to continue to pursue avenues to persuade the United States to take on additional responsibility for asylum seekers—and moments of crisis will be important drivers for those efforts.

The Right to Seek Asylum in Canada (During a Global Pandemic)

This article analyzes the effect that the federal government’s use of emergency powers during the COVID-19 global pandemic has had on the right to seek asylum in Canada. The article suggests that the federal government has taken advantage of a public health crisis to address a political problem – the entry of asylum seekers between land ports of entry (such as at Roxham Road). It details how the Quarantine Act and various Orders in Council have been used to temporarily extend the Safe Third Country Agreement between Canada and the United States (“the STCA”) across the entire length of the Canada-US border. It then details how this de facto extension of the STCA, which previously applied only at official land ports of entry, violates international refugee law, detailing several ways in which the global pandemic has made the United States even less “safe” for refugees. The article concludes by urging the federal government to champion asylum seekers’ rights by recognizing that crossing the border to seek asylum is amongst the most “essential” forms of international travel that there is – including during a global pandemic. The article also calls on the federal government to demonstrate leadership in refugee protection by suspending the STCA and by halting plans to appeal the Federal Court of Canada’s recent ruling in Canadian Council for Refugees v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), which found that the STCA violates Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Study on Competitive Strategy of China Railway Express Operation by Land Port Company

With the in-depth implementation of the “One Belt One Road” initiative, the number of cities, which have opened direct train to European countries, is increasing in China. With the rapid development of China Railway Express (CR Express) market, the problems of insufficient supply, disorderly competition and high operation cost are becoming more and more prominent, which leads to increasingly disordered competition among CR Express. Finding a balanced subsidy among local governments is a key way to solve the above problems. This paper constructs a Hotelling model which is in line with the characteristics of the development of CR Express from the aspects of consignor’s utility and land port company’s revenue. Then the equilibrium price, market share and revenue of land port company are solved, and the optimal local government subsidy under equilibrium condition is analyzed. Subsequently, the land port company (Xi’an) and land port company (Zhengzhou) are chosen for empirical analysis. The establishment of government subsidy policies conducive to market development can effectively reduce the disordered competition among land port companies and contribute to the sustainable development of CR Express.

Spatiotemporal clusters of HIV/AIDS infections caused by drug use and heterosexual contact in Ruili city, China 1989\u20132016

BackgroundRuili is a border city in southwest China along the heroin trafficking route. In recent decades, the city has witnessed increased in HIV transmission. The current study aims to explore the spatiotemporal trends in HIV prevalence identify and map the spatial variation and clustering of factors associated with HIV transmission through drug use and heterosexual contact transmissions at the village level from 1989 through 2016.MethodsGeographic information system-based spatiotemporal analyses, including global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses and space-time scanning statistics, were applied to detect the location and extent of HIV/AIDS high-risk areas.ResultsDrug use and heterosexual contact were identified as the major transmission routes causing infection in Ruili. Results of global spatial analysis showed significant clustering throughout the city caused by transmission via drug use in the early phase of the epidemic and transmission via heterosexual contact in the late phase of the epidemic during the study period. Hotspots of transmission from drug use were randomly distributed throughout the city. However, the hotspots of transmission by heterosexual contact were located in the central area only around the Jiegao China-Myanmar land port. Space-time scanning showed that transmission from drug use clustered in the southwest area between 1989 and 1990, while transmission by heterosexual contact clustered in the central area between 2004 and 2014.ConclusionsHeterosexual contact has become the dominant mode of transmission. Interventions should focus on highly clustered area where is around the Jiegao land port.

Da Bahia à Beira: ‘O último voo do flamingo’ e a canção distante

Em “Águas do meu princípio”, presente em Pensatempos, livro lançado em 2005, o qual reúne textos de opinião de vária ordem, Mia Couto, ao relembrar a própria infância na Beira – sua terra natal e importante cidade portuária de Moçambique –, conduz os leitores através de uma ambiência que flerta, nostalgicamente, com uma atmosfera mítica. Nessas linhas, o escritor moçambicano convoca um importante legado cultural oriundo da Bahia: a célebre canção “É doce morrer no mar”, do cantor e compositor Dorival Caymmi, cujos versos são atribuídos a Jorge Amado e a elementos textuais que permeiam Mar Morto, romance publicado, em 1936, pelo escritor brasileiro mais reverenciado nas literaturas africanas de língua oficial portuguesa. A partir de tais reminiscências e, sobretudo, como exercício de crítica literária, poder-se-á estabelecer relações de contiguidade entre excertos de “Águas do meu princípio” e a estrutura interna que rege o núcleo de maior pulsão poética em O Último Voo do Flamingo, romance de 2000. Para tanto, as reflexões de Antonio Candido, Roland Barthes, Benjamin Abdala Junior, Pierre Bourdieu, entre outros, serão implicadas neste estudo a fim de demonstrarem os elos literários e musicais que ligam Brasil e Moçambique através dos séculos.

Geografia do comércio internacional, exportações e transportes de commodities agrícolas no Brasil

O comércio global de commodities agrícolas busca atender as demandas de agentes econômicos que atuam na produção, no processamento e/ou na comercialização de produtos agroindustrializados, agroalimentares e agroenergéticos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, na perspectiva da Geografia do Comércio Internacional, a configuração da política de exportações e da utilização dos meios de transportes na movimentação de commodities agrícolas brasileiras destinadas aos mercados globais, no período de 1997 a 2017. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram a revisão bibliográfica, a coleta e a análise de dados secundários disponibilizados pelo Comex Stat. As commodities agrícolas (in natura e processadas) foram exportadas para os mercados internacionais e concentraram os fluxos nos transportes terrestres nacionais, nos portos e no transporte marítimo.

Approach to an integral valuation of mangrove’s ecosystem services in a marine protected area. Colombian Pacific region

ABSTRACTColombian Pacific region is a global biodiversity hotspot. Mangroves are among the most dynamic and productive ecosystem on earth and serve many important functions providing a range of fundamental goods and services which contribute to the livelihoods, well – being, and local community’s security. Integral mangroves valuation seeks to understand the socio-ecological interaction and the relationship between functional ecosystems (ecosystem services – ES), market interaction and the ability to support human well – being. Despite the importance, mangroves are continuing to be threatened and degraded because of socio-environmental conflicts such as land use change and port infrastructure which will impact on ecosystem services quality and offer. This article identifies an approach to the potential ecological, sociocultural and economic impact of a Deepwater port on the Tribugá Gulf mangroves ecosystem services offer and its effects on the well – being of Nuquí communities.

Research on the Development of Xi'an International Land Port Under the Background of "One Belt One Road"

In the concept of Belt One opening to the west, the value of land port is constantly highlighting. Xi'an International Land Port is striving to build the largest international transit hub port and commercial logistics distribution center on the Silk Road economic belt. The role of Xi'an International Land Port is irreplaceable in the strategic mission of Shaanxi to build a new opening-up highland to the west. Based on the analysis of the development environment of Xi'an International Land Port, this paper finds out the problems existing in the development of Xi'an International Land Port, and puts forward some countermeasures to improve the development level, so that Xi'an international land port can truly become the cornerstone of Xi'an international trade, promote the construction of Greater Xi'an, promote the coordinated development of Xi'an and Guanzhong urban agglomerations, achieve regional coordination, build a national central city and a new business logistics engine.

Arsitektur Strategi Pengembangan Bisnis Pelabuhan Darat

The purpose of this study is to identify internal and external factors that influence CDP business development, formulate business development strategies, and design CDP strategic architecture. Cikarang Dry Port (CDP) is a land port designed to support export and import activities and supply chains in the Jabodetabek and Cikarang regions. The precise business development strategy to optimize resources and opportunities for the CDP business environment is important to develop. The method of this research is descriptive analysis and purposive sampling. The analytical tools used include internal and external analysis and SWOT. The results show that the IFE and EFE values obtained are 3.03 and 3.07. Its main strength is the availability of land port’s capacity with a score of 0.56. The external factors that provide significance relative to the success of dry port development are internet usage and applications on smartphones that scored 0.32. The regulation on expansion and business development of the Kalibaru Port (Newport Priok Container Terminal) is the biggest threat of 0.06 and 0.04.

Containerized cargo security at the U.S. – Mexico border: how supply chain vulnerabilities impact processing times at land ports of entry

Nucleus of this research is to identify how the strategies of trucking and land transportation and logistics companies utilizing the U.S. Mexican border land routes affect border processing times, while providing policy recommendations for specific problems. Namely, this work identifies a link between delays and security at the border, as opposed to security risk-mitigation strategies by truckers on the Mexican side of the border. As higher volumes of containerized cargoes are processed at the U.S. Borders each year, security risks also increase. In fact, illegitimate entities such as money laundering, drug trafficking, contraband and human trafficking cartels strategically select busy ports of entry and high traffic times, in order for illegitimate trade and travelers to penetrate the U.S. borders (Burns J Transp Secur. 11(3–4): 85–100 2018; Basu J Transp Secur 7:99–113 2014; Bohle et al in J Transp Secur 7:255–276 2014). Optimum border management and border security results do not depend exclusively on border patrol and border protection agencies: industry stakeholders can contribute towards optimum results once they eliminate waste and operate in greater efficiency (Burns J Transp Secur. 11(3–4): 85–100 2018). For this to be achieved, supply chain stakeholders and partners should make strategic decisions with increased visibility, harmonization of processes, and standard operating procedures in place. This paper is a part of a broader border security research conducted by the author, focusing on the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) missions “to safeguard lawful trade and travel”, “to secure and manage our borders”, and the goal “to secure the U.S. borders, by preventing the illegal flow of people and goods across the borders, while expediting the safe flow of lawful travel and commerce” (DHS 2015–2019; DHS 2014–2018; DHS 2012–2016). This paper entails three goals: First, to identify and classify the high risk areas at the border. Second, to propose recommendations for improvement whereas pinpointing time saved. Third, to offer an array of options where government professionals (such as U.S. DHS, CBP (2017c, d), ICE) and industry stakeholders can pick and choose solutions and avoid, eliminate, share or allocate to contractors their security risks throughout different stages of the supply chain.

“If They Notice I’m Mexican”: Narratives of Perceived Discrimination from Individuals Who Crossed the U.S.-Mexico Border at Ports of Entry

ABSTRACT Understanding individuals’ encounters with Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the largest law enforcement agency in the United States, is an important theoretical and policy-relevant issue. Travelers entering the U.S. through ports of entry may generalize their experiences with border officials to local law enforcement, and thus, negative experiences at ports of entry may reduce travelers’ willingness to cooperate with police and report victimization. Existing studies, however, have primarily examined unauthorized border crossings rather than travelers’ port of entry experiences. This study uses grounded theory and qualitative data to explore the perceptions and experiences of 191 young adults who discussed how individuals are treated when crossing the U.S.-Mexico border at land ports of entry. Findings show that participants reported perceptions and experiences of discrimination based on physical appearances, language differences, and nationality. Participants also described border officials engaging in routine law enforcement behaviors, including poor policing practices.

DRY PORT BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Export and import activities are the most important part of economic activity in Indonesia. These need to be supported by good port infrastructure. Cikarang Dry Port (CDP) as the only Dry Port, owned by private, should be able to support export and import activities and supply chains, especially in the Greater Jakarta and Cikarang areas. There is a need to develop appropriate business development strategies to maximize resources and optimize opportunities from the CDP business environment. These study aims were identifying the influence of internal and external factors that affect the development of the CDP business and formulating business development strategies. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis and purposive sampling. Analytical tools used include internal and external analysis and SWOT. The main strength is the availability of land port capacity. An external factor that provides relative significance to the successful development of Dry Port is the usage of internet and application on a smartphone. The regulation for expansion and New Priok business development by JICT which is the biggest threat scored. Future research is expected to analyze the efficiency of time, performance and human resources in Cikarang Dry Port.

Mutual Process of Land Use Planning and Port Development in Local Cities Opening Port in the Early Meiji Era and the Late Edo Era

Mutual Process of Land Use Planning and Port Development in Local Cities Opening Port in the Early Meiji Era and the Late Edo Era

Influenza vaccination coverage among US-Mexico land border crossers: 2009 H1N1 pandemic and 2011-2012 influenza season.

The high volume of US-Mexico land border crossings can facilitate international dissemination of influenza viruses. We surveyed adult pedestrians crossing into the United States at two international land ports of entry to assess vaccination coverage during the 2009H1N1 influenza pandemic and 2011-2012 influenza season. Of 559 participants in 2010, 23.4% reported receipt of the 2009H1N1 vaccine. Of 1423 participants in 2012, 33.7% received the 2011-2012 influenza vaccine. Both years, those crossing the border ≥8 times per month had lower vaccination coverage than those crossing less frequently. US-border residents had lower H1N1 coverage than those in other locations. Vaccination coverage was higher for persons age ≥65 years and, in 2010 only, those with less than high school education. Although most participants believed it is important to get vaccinated, only half believed the influenza vaccine was safe and effective. The main reasons for not receiving the influenza vaccine were beliefs of low risk of disease, time constraints, and concerns about vaccine safety (in 2010) or efficacy (in 2012). International land border crossers are a large and unique category of travelers that require targeted binational strategies for influenza vaccination and education.