Land Parcels Research Articles

Neighborhood externalities modify the nexus between residential land and housing prices: A joint analysis using regression tree models

Neighborhood externalities influence residential land prices and housing prices simultaneously, contributing to a nexus relationship between them. Most existing studies have focused on the causal relationship between the two, with limited attention to their nexus. This research matched land parcel transactions from 2003 to 2015 and housing transaction records with purchasers’ housing purchase records before 2019 to construct a spatial-temporal land-housing dataset in Shanghai. Both spatial statistical tools and regression tree models were employed to explore the underlying mechanism, focusing on proximity to industries. According to the modeling results, residential land prices and housing prices are highly sensitive to polluting industries and producer service industries. The impacts of polluting industries on residential land prices have intensified, but the impacts on housing prices have not. The regression tree models further showed that living service industries were the primary positive contributor to residential land and housing prices. Regarding the social environment, non-local people are taking over communities with high-priced housing on high-value residential land parcels. These research outcomes encourage more efforts to explore the determinants of the nexus between residential land prices and housing prices, rather than discussion of the causality relationship.

Classification of Land Suitability For Soybean Crops Using The Cart Method and Feature Selection Using an Algorithm ABC

The allocated area for soybean cultivation has been gradually decreasing, leading to a decline in both production and productivity. Consequently, the current level of soybean production and productivity falls short of meeting the demand within the community. One potential solution to augment soybean output and efficiency involves allocating specific parcels of land for soybean cultivation. It is essential to conduct land evaluations tailored to soybean cultivation, accounting for the land's inherent potential, in order to optimize land utilization. Thus, a comprehensive system is required to assess land suitability, particularly for soybean cultivation, and employ the results of this classification as recommendations for land allocation. This research employess combination the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method and the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm to classify suitable land for soybean cultivation. CART is used for classification and ABC is utilized for feature selection to identify the most relevant attributes in case of the algorithm improvement. Through a series of iterative experiments involving 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 iterations, the best attribute was determined following three attempts at each iteration. The Confusion Matrix test yielded an accuracy rate of 94.22% for the CART method in the second experiment, while the combined use of the best ABC and CART combination resulted in an accuracy rate of 97.11%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the integration of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm with the classification and regression tree (CART) method outperforms the sole use of the CART method in terms of accuracy.

Development of 3D Cadastre Strata Building Information Model: An interactive Web-based Prototype

The "3D cadastral strata building information model prototype" project aims to enhance land administration practices in Bhutan by developing a comprehensive solution for the digital representation of 3D land parcels. Through cadastral surveying, plot fragmentation analysis, and 3D building modeling, the project ensures the accurate depiction of land ownership information in compliance with Bhutan’s Lagthram system and the Strata Transaction Guidelines of 2021. At present, the system operates within a 2D spatial framework, where cadastral objects encompass entire land parcels, strata such as apartment buildings, or subterranean parcels. However, both land and property owners’ requirements reveal the inadequacy of solely relying on 2D cadastral parcel registration, as real estate assets inherently exist in three dimensions. Utilizing advanced surveying technologies and the Django framework, the project creates an intuitive website interface that facilitates seamless access and management of land data, enabling stakeholders to visualize landscapes and explore detailed ownership information, including airspace and subsurface rights, in 3D mode. By providing a holistic perspective on land parcels and property rights, the project supports informed decision-making, resource allocation, and sustainable urban development. In summary, the project presents a pioneering approach to land administration, aiming to improve transparency, efficiency, and equity in land management practices, thereby contributing to sustainable development in Bhutan and beyond.

Militarized granularity: Sand’s making of men and masculinity in Singapore

ABSTRACT Land reclamation is the process of transforming mined sand from rivers, estuaries, the seabed and even islands into new land parcels. This article examines Singapore’s insatiable appetite for sand and discusses the relationality between a singular grain of sand’s capacity to militarize and gender the Southeast Asian island-state. With opaque sand supply chains, Singapore can project its sovereignty as a militarized nation-state through the neo-colonialist like extraction of sand from other countries to widen its territorial frontiers. In placing the spotlight on extensive land-reclamation works to expand Tekong Island, Singapore’s largest outlier into a military base, I explain how sand serves the role of creating a militarized boundary object. While sand’s coarseness configures military masculinity, sand’s smoothness serves the additional function of maintaining civilian support for militarism by way of ‘packaging’ masculinity. The granular cartographies of trauma arising from Singapore’s territorial expansions wrought upon Southeast Asia’s rural poor require urgent recuperation.

Land tenure conflicts in forest areas: obstacles to rejuvenation of small-scale oil palm plantations in Indonesia

Purpose This study aims to investigate the problems small-scale oil palm plantations in Indonesia’s forest areas face and the government policies addressing them. Design/methodology/approach Survey and data collection were used to determine the socioeconomic, environmental, legal and governance problems related to the development of smallholder plantations. Information was obtained from the respondents via a rapid rural appraisal approach. Findings The potential land for potential participants in the community oil palm rejuvenation programme is a forest area of 1,628,749.60 ha. Owing to its legal dimensions and unsustainable land management, the rejuvenation regulatory programme has not reached independent farmers. Research limitations/implications The use of plantation space beyond its designation hinders the government’s goal of accelerating the rejuvenation programme. The problems regarding the accumulation of forest area result in low achievement of the annual rejuvenation target in Riau Province (21%–25%). The authors present solutions to resolve land ownership conflicts and implement strategic policies to ensure the sustainable development of such plantations. Originality/value The authors introduce a conflict–resolution model for small-scale smallholder oil palm plantations to resolve the problems of forest area claims unaddressed in the Indonesian Job Creation Law. Land conflict resolution is categorised into five typologies: oil palm plantations with business permits; those without a forestry permit and subject to administrative sanctions; business activities in forest areas without forestry permits; resolving non-conformities in the progress of land or management controlled and used in forest areas prior to their designation by removing land parcels through modifying the forest area boundaries; and the settlement for farmers without cultivation registration certificates but have established plantations and whose land tenure can be proven.

Land Registration using Blockchain Technology.

Land registration authorities face frequently criticism for the alleged mismanagement or manipulation the land records across various nations. Pakistan, out particular, grapples with the heightened susceptibility the falsification and corruption its property records due to economic challenges. This vulnerability results of conflicting claims of authority over specific parcels of land. consolidation of the data further exacerbates this susceptibility to the security threats. A land administration system (LAS) is the structured framework designed to the govern of management of land resources in a specific region or country. However, LAS faces challenges like the inefficiencies, of a lack of transparency, and the susceptibility to fraud. Digitization of land records improved efficiency but failed to address manipulation, centralized databases, and the double-spending issues. Traditional lease and mortgage management systems also suffer from complexity, errors, and a lack of real-time validation. At present, a significant influx of land transactions produces substantial data, classifiable as big data due to the constant minute-to the-minute occurrences like the land transfers, acquisitions, document verification, and leasing/mortgaging transactions. In that context, we present the Blockchain-driven system that not only tackles alteration and double-spending issues in atraditional systems but also a implements distributed data and management. Current state-of-the-art solutions do not fully incorporate crucial features of the Blockchain, such as transparency, prevention of double-spending, auditability, immutability, and user and their participation. To the tackle this problem, this the research introduces a comprehensive Blockchain-powered framework for the lease and the mortgage management, addressing transparency, user and their involvement, and the double-spending the prevention. Unlike existing solutions, ourused framework integrates the key Blockchain characteristics for the holistic approach. Through their practical use cases and involving property owners, banks, and financial institutions, they establish a secure, distributed, transparent method for the property financing

TINJAUAN YURIDIS PEMECAHAN TANAH LEBIH DARI LIMA BIDANG UNTUK HAK MILIK PERORANGAN

The emergence of a regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning or the Head of the National Land Agency on the prohibition of land division of more than five parcels for individual property rights is a way to overcome the rampant housing or disguised lots that have sprung up so far. The regulation is stipulated in Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning or Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 16 of 2021 concerning the Third Amendment to Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs or Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Provisions for the Implementation of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. The purpose of this writing is to find out how the juridical review of land splitting of more than five parcels for individual property rights and what the legal consequences are for individuals who split more than five parcels of land. This research uses normative juridical approach with legislation. The result of this research is that the ownership of property rights to individual land or the division of individual land parcels is not allowed to exceed five parcels except if the base of the right comes from the transfer of inheritance rights or the base of the right with the building rights certificate. Apart from that, the division of more than five parcels must also be balanced with permits from the authorized agency, and usually with the base of the Building Rights Title, but in the current era there are still many Individual Property Rights whose ownership exceeds five parcels. However, with the emergence of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning or Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 16 of 2021, the regulation is more strictly applied in practice. Keywords: Land Division of More than Five Parcels, Agrarian.

Storage Scale Assessment of a Low-Impact Development System in a Sponge City

A sponge city is an established urban stormwater management approach that effectively reduces urban runoff and pollutant discharges. In order to plan and design, estimate costs, and evaluate the performance of urban sponge city systems, it is essential to calculate the storage scale. In this context, a sponge city storage scale and calculation method based on a multifactor spatial overlay was designed, utilising the starting area of the Dafeng Hi-tech Development Zone in Yancheng City, China, as an illustrative example. The indicators for assessing the impact of sponge city systems on river plain networks are constructed based on four aspects: land planning, building density, water surface rate and green space rate. The relative importance of each indicator was determined based on the necessity of controlling runoff from land parcels and the appropriateness of facility construction. The annual runoff control rate of the 39 low-impact development control units in the study area was calculated using ArcGIS through multifactor spatial overlay mapping and weighting. The results showed that (1) the Geographic Information System (GIS)overlay technology can effectively assist in the decomposition of LID scales; (2) data can be derived, including the design storage volume and other basic control scale indicators for each unit. The study results are expected to serve as a reference for the preparation of special low-impact development plans in the river plain network area of China and the promotion of the construction of a sustainable blue–green system in the city.

Impacts of Rural–Urban Labour Transfer and Land Transfer on Land Efficiency in China: A Analysis of Mediating Effects

In the midst of China’s ongoing rural–urban integration and development, a pivotal transformation involving the realignment of labour dynamics and land utilisation is underway. This paradigm shift has substantial implications for rural land use and agricultural productivity. Drawing from the field survey conducted in Zhejiang Province in 2019, this study puts non-agricultural employment, land transfer, and land efficiency into one econometric model and establishes a comprehensive framework to explain the mechanisms. Unlike existing research, this paper delves into the impact of different land-transfer behaviours, namely inflow and outflow, on land efficiency. The findings indicate that non-agricultural employment has no significant impact on land efficiency. Rural households acquiring land significantly enhance land efficiency, whereas relinquishing land shows no significance, thus addressing the gap in existing literature regarding the study of different transfer behaviours. Furthermore, to explore the underlying mechanisms, we investigate the mediating effect of land inflows on land efficiency, finding that it operates through plot size. In light of this, we propose that, in guiding land inflows, more emphasis should be placed on the integration and reorganisation of fragmented land rather than simply expanding the total land area, aiming to create large, well-managed areas of arable land by achieving concentrated and contiguous transferable land parcels.

Rehabilitation challenges for the onshore coal seam gas sector in Australia

The development of conventional oil and gas reserves followed by valorisation of coal seam gas (CSG) reserves in Queensland has seen the installation of over 16,000 wells. These wells are accompanied by thousands of kilometres of gathering lines, compression and water treatment facilities and transmission pipelines. The major rehabilitation challenges for the industry result less from technical challenges but rather from the sheer scale of the task. At present, the CSG industry continues to grow, and few of the CSG wells (other than exploration and appraisal wells) have yet reached the end of their life. The US experience presents a cautionary tale for adequate financial provisioning to mitigate the risks of orphaned wells. Secondly, the rehabilitation of multiple small parcels of land such as drill pads presents logistical challenges. Strategies to aggregate parcels for relinquishment will be required if the industry is to avoid thousands of individual land parcel evaluations at the time of relinquishment. These two rehabilitation challenges will be explored, risks for the industry and community assessed, and a call made for industry and government to work collaboratively to ensure an orderly and responsible rehabilitation program becomes an integral part of ongoing operations.

Recognition of Plastic Film in Terrain-Fragmented Areas Based on Drone Visible Light Images

In order to meet the growing demand for food and achieve food security development goals, contemporary agriculture increasingly depends on plastic coverings such as agricultural plastic films. The remote sensing-based identification of these plastic films has gradually become a necessary tool for agricultural production management and soil pollution prevention. Addressing the challenges posed by the complex terrain and fragmented land parcels in karst mountainous regions, as well as the frequent presence of cloudy and foggy weather conditions, the extraction efficacy of mulching films is compromised. This study utilized a DJI Mavic 2 Pro UAV to capture visible light images in an area with complex terrain features such as peaks and valleys. A plastic film sample dataset was constructed, and the U-Net deep learning model parameters integrated into ArcGIS Pro were continuously modified and optimized to achieve precise plastic film identification. The results are as follows: (1) Sample quantity significantly affects recognition performance. When the sample size is 800, the accuracy of plastic film extraction notably improves, with area accuracy reaching 91%, a patch quantity accuracy of 96.38%, and an IOU and F1-score of 85.89% and 94.20%, respectively, compared to the precision achieved with a sample size of 300; (2) Different learning rates, batch sizes, and iteration numbers have a certain impact on the training effectiveness of the U-Net model. The most suitable model parameters improved the training effectiveness, with the highest training accuracy achieved at a learning rate of 0.001, a batch size of 10, and 25 iterations; (3) Comparative experiments with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model validate the suitability of U-Net model parameters and sample datasets for precise identification in rugged terrains with fragmented spatial distribution, particularly in karst mountainous regions. This underscores the applicability of the U-Net model in recognizing plastic film coverings in karst mountainous regions, offering valuable insights for agricultural environmental health assessment and green planting management in farmlands.

Determination of Clay and Sand Volume Using Vertical Electrical Sounding

This study presents the results of an electrical resistivity survey conducted in Agudama Epie, Yenagoa local government area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The primary objective of the survey was to estimate the volume of clay and sand within a rectangular land parcel measuring 100 m by 200m in the study area. The survey employed the Schlumberger electrode configuration and utilized nine vertical electrode sounding (VES) points.Data was collected using a Terrameter SAS 1000 and was processed using IPI2win software. The geophysical analysis revealed the presence of four distinct geoelectric layers across the study area, identified as layers 1 to 4 in the VES profiles. Layer 2, characterized by clay, exhibited an average thickness of 21.2 meters, while layer 3, consisting of sand, had an average thickness of 8.15 meters. The apparent resistivity values ranged from 8.45 to 79.43 ohm-meter to a depth of 10.14 meters for the clay layer and 8499.86 to 15013.11 ohm-meter to a depth of 33.5 meters for the sand layer. The study estimated a substantial presence of approximately 746,240 tonnes of clay and approximately 261,126 tonnes of sand in Agudama Epie. This discovery offers significant economic potential, including job creation, the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises, and opportunities within the construction industry. The local extraction and processing of clay can drive economic growth and facilitate the production of concrete and building materials. Additionally, the availability of sand in the region can reduce transportation costs and stimulate local construction projects, thereby fostering economic activity and infrastructure development.

Почва — земельный участок — земля — территория

The article is devoted to the differentiation of some notions in civil law, land law and public construction law of Russia such as soil, categories of lands, land parcel, zone of regulation and territory. The land parcel as a true object of civil law requires its being defined as 3-dimentional thing (res) with corporeal (physical) contents. It does not matter what these contents are — soil, water or mineral resources. Technical description of the land parcel as a 2-dimentional surface (without filling) is one of the method of its individualisation. All other notions — categories of lands, zone of regulation, territory — are the notions of public law. Using these public notions in the description of civil law objects should be eliminated.

Development of Soil Quality Databases and Land Potential Assessment Using GIS: A Case Study of Lao Cai Province, Vietnam

The utilization of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), particularly the Mapinfo software, is indispensable in the establishment of a land quality and land potential database encompassing each land parcel within Lao Cai province. Through a multifaceted approach involving data collection techniques, field surveys, data analysis, and the creation of both spatial and attribute databases, the GIS application in Lao Cai province has successfully compiled a comprehensive dataset. This dataset encompasses a range of layers, including boundaries, administrative demarcations, land use statuses, survey points, soil types, slope characteristics, soil depth, irrigation patterns, climatic conditions, soil fertility data, and transportation and hydrological information. The amalgamation of this spatial data with attribute data yields a comprehensive repository featuring information on 405 units of agricultural land quality and potential, in addition to 65 aggregated non-agricultural land parcels. This combined dataset functions as the foundational land quality and potential database for Lao Cai province. Assessment outcomes for land quality and land potential throughout the entire province reveal that 51.42% of the land exhibits low quality, 35.06% demonstrates moderate quality, and 13.52% boasts high quality. In terms of land potential, 29.15% is categorized as having low potential, 44.88% as having moderate potential, and 25.97% as having high potential. Furthermore, the precise delineation of land quality and potential for each land parcel within the database effectively caters to the information retrieval needs of land administrators and stakeholders. This research also seeks to contribute to the standardization of land databases at both the provincial and national levels, thereby bolstering land management efforts within the context of globalization, development, and climate change adaptation.

Eviscerating the Sea

Contemporary infrastructure projects in the sea reterritorialize port environments, continuously discarding historic occupants and coastal occupations in their wake. In this article the authors dwell on the ongoing histories through which fish and fishers are eviscerated in Mumbai's seas via the proliferation of massive infrastructural operations currently being staged by the Indian state. In so doing, they make two arguments. First, they show how infrastructures at sea are accretive forms that are simultaneously articulated at different time scales. New infrastructures currently being built in the sea in postcolonial India only intensify the expropriations of colonial projects that were staged in the sea. Second, urban fishers work not only at sea but also on the dry land of the city. As chances for making livelihoods at sea are steadily foreclosed, fishers are increasingly turning to their small parcels of land in the city, exploring how and if these might be made real estate to secure their futures.

A GIS‐based approach to site vegetated buffer strips for erosion control within an agricultural catchment in southern England

AbstractAgricultural soil erosion is largely attributed to arable intensification and increased mechanization. Runoff from arable land and intensively managed grassland transports sediment and contaminants across the landscape and into watercourses, causing crop loss, land degradation, and water quality issues. One low‐cost and low‐maintenance nature‐based mitigation approach is the implementation of vegetated buffer strips (VBS): grassland sited along field margins to trap sediment and contaminants, reducing transportation and diffuse pollution rates. GIS modelling using remotely sensed landscape indices and land parcel data can provide an efficient means of identifying priority areas for intervention at sub‐catchment or farm system scales. We develop and test a scalable runoff risk model in the lower Rother catchment, West Sussex. The model uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) applied to satellite images as an erodibility proxy and identifies locations along pathways that are conceivably at greatest risk of sediment accumulation and transfer, guided by field observations. We assess current and historical field boundaries near high‐risk locations, evaluating the potential capacity of their margins to contribute to runoff risk reduction using an innovative ranking system. Recommendations are made for VBS implementation and the value of historical field boundary and margin restoration is discussed. Our method offers a rapid approach with minimal data requirements to identify high‐risk sediment runoff locations and priority sites for intervention. The tool has the potential to guide decision‐makers responsible for targeting and implementing soil erosion and runoff control measures such as VBS, while also maximizing agri‐environmental and cultural benefits.

Perception Recognition Study on Long and Narrow Arcs of Polygons in Maps using Intelligent Skeleton Decomposition

<p>The paper presents an automated method for identifying elongated and narrow sections of polygons, which may arise due to uncertainties inherent in map data production and updates. It leverages a skeleton-based shape decomposition approach, encompassing the creation of skeletons and end-point sub-polygons based on the polygon boundary-constrained triangulation. Subsequently, it identifies a pair of break points using concave vertices of polygon boundaries based on the nearest neighbor principle. The optimal segmentation of the end-point sub-polygons is then determined by evaluating weighted base-height ratios, which are added to a set of candidates long and narrow arcs. Finally, the model selects the long and narrow arcs based on their base-height ratios and shape indexes. The paper reports the results of an experiment using land parcel data from Jinjiang in Fujian Province, demonstrating that the proposed method produces results that align with human perception and outperforms the internal and external buffering method. In summary, the innovative method exhibits promise in accurately identifying elongated and narrow sections of polygons, Its applicability spans diverse domains such as map data analysis and updates, where precision in delineating such features is crucial.</p> <p> </p>

Counting Crofters: Digitised Census Enumerators Books as a New Source for the Later Nineteenth Century

This paper explores some of the ways in which access to the census enumerators books for later nineteenth century censuses, now digitised by the ‘Integrated Census Microdata’ project, can throw new light on a range of socio-demographic developments in the ‘Crofting Counties’ between the early 1850s and the early 1880s. Collating and mapping occupational titles by parish reveals major changes in the titles recorded for those farming small land parcels and in the spatial distributions and age profiles or those heading such households. The numbers of household heads reported as ‘Crofter’ markedly increased between 1851 and 1881 (including outside the ‘Crofting Counties’), as use of terms like ‘Tenant’ and ‘Lotter’ declined. ‘Cottar’, even in 1851 used in very small numbers in most places, was reported in 1881 in very limited areas, even where the estates still used it extensively. The number of households headed by ‘Fishermen’ increased greatly in some areas, notably in Lewis. At the same time, the numbers of men becoming heads of small agriculturalist households at younger ages fell markedly, while rising numbers headed households as ‘Fishermen’. Comparative analysis of four case study areas suggests that, when fishing and other incomes fell markedly in the early 1880s, inter-generational differences in access to headship of a croft may have been a significant stimulus to localised outbreaks of disturbance pressing for land reform.

Pelaksanaan Pelayanan Publik Hak Tanggungan Terintegrasi Secara Elektronik Oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kota Jambi

The Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency has launched electronic land services. The electronic service in question is electronically integrated mortgage rights (HT-el). With land services through an electronic system that is easy to use, it is the aim of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency to remain competitive in the digital era and help the community. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation, obstacles faced, and efforts made by the government in implementing electronic mortgage rights. The research method used is empirical juridical, through a socio-legal-research approach. The data sources used in this research are library data from laws, books, journals and the internet; Field data comes from interviews with related parties. Land office counters are no longer needed because HT-el services are all done online. This is a significant achievement of the Ministry of ATR/BPN in its efforts to improve the efficiency and quality of land services through implementing the e-Government concept. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the Jambi City Land Office has followed the process contained in the ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation Number 5 of 2020 and HT-el technical instructions Number 2 of 2020 in implementing HT-el. Even though there are several obstacles, including system problems, inappropriate application files, unverified land parcel data, and SPS payments outside working hours, implementation continues.

Hierarchical Co‐generation of Parcels and Streets in Urban Modeling

AbstractWe present a computational framework for modeling land parcels and streets. In the real world, parcels and streets are highly coupled with each other since a street network connects all the parcels in a certain area. However, existing works model parcels and streets separately to simplify the problem, resulting in urban layouts with irregular parcels and/or suboptimal streets. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical approach to co‐generate parcels and streets from a user‐specified polygonal land shape, guided by a set of fundamental urban design requirements. At each hierarchical level, new parcels are generated based on binary splitting of existing parcels, and new streets are subsequently generated by leveraging efficient graph search tools to ensure that each new parcel has a street access. At the end, we optimize the geometry of the generated parcels and streets to further improve their geometric quality. Our computational framework outputs an urban layout with a desired number of regular parcels that are reachable via a connected street network, for which users are allowed to control the modeling process both locally and globally. Quantitative comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art approaches show that our framework is able to generate parcels and streets that are superior in some aspects.